摘要：阅读理解是考研英语的一大难题，难度较大。当然，阅读理解的前提是把单词背好，扫清阅读的障碍，接下来，就可以参考以下做阅读理解时的几个妙招了。
阅读理解是考研英语的重中之重，与四六级对阅读速度的侧重有所不同，考研英语阅读理解更多地是考查精读能力。因此，把文章读透吃透很重要，同时在做题过程中要拿捏好分寸，在判断正确选项时做到不偏不倚，客观、准确、公正。这才是做好20xx考研英语阅读理解的正确之道。
带着问题读文章
看题目和读文章的顺序应该哪个在前，哪个在后？当然是先看题目。阅读的主要目的就是做题，在读文章之前先把题目浏览一遍，既提前知晓了文章在谈什么，又可以带着问题意识去有目的地阅读，这样就能在阅读过程中顺利找到题目的考点所在，不仅能够精确定位，而且可以提高答题速度，一句数得。需要注意的时，花在读题上的时间不宜太长，大致浏览即可。
回到文中找答案
如果你自信对文章读的比较透，理解得比较准，在答题时最好也不要轻易勾出选项，还是需要把题目再带回原文中，核实准确再作答。因为有时候我们会有先入为主的概念，阅读中的理解不见得一定是精准的，须得把文章和题目结合起来，找出真正的契合点所在，才算真正把握好了答题的分寸。
细节题不过分延伸
考研英语阅读侧重于精读能力的考查，因此细节题是最重要的考查方式，即对文中某一段、某一句话、某一单词或短语的理解，也是最需要把握分寸的所在。纵观历年真题，几乎所有的细节题的正确答案，既不是直接照搬原文，也不会过分延伸，而往往是在原文基础上换一种表达，不会有太大偏差，这个分寸，最值得细细琢磨、好好把握。
主旨题全面概括
除细节外，主旨也是最常见的考查点，有时是考查对全文的主旨把握，有时是考查某一段的主旨。无论如何，主旨是一种抽象地概括，相对于细节来说，难度更大些，同样需要去原文中寻找答案。一般来说，主旨需要概括并包含文章所表达的全部内容，因此，每一段都需要照顾到，尤其是文章的开头结尾一定要注意读，它们很有可能包含决定性的内容。所有选项里面，哪个概括得最全面、表达得最精准，哪个就是正确答案。
总之，考研英语阅读理解不是一件感性的事，而是需要保持清醒的头脑，用理性思维去判断。注意拿捏好理性的分寸，能够帮助我们客观准确地答题，把考场上的每一分都牢牢握在手里。
美国人对篮球的兴趣在春季三大锦标赛期间达到高潮。这包括三月底或四月初举行的大学男篮锦标赛和大学女篮锦标赛，以及在六月份进入决赛高潮的职业篮球赛。
上面说的只是有组织的正式比赛。在市内的运动场和学校的操场上，在农舍后院的简易篮球筐下，或是在无数市郊住宅的自家车道上划出的篮球场上，一代代的美国青少年的学*打篮球。一批最优秀的篮球选手，就是在这种队与队的对抗，单与单的较量，或是一个人数小时的投篮练*中，练就一身出神入化的球技的。
尽管有些球员很有天赋，篮球运动还是需要有教练指导的，帮助球员学*他们掌握欠佳的技术，并把一个个球员熔合成一个队，教练的风格各异。有些教练部署严谨，队员各司其职;有的则倾向于让队员去决定比赛的打法和风格。
The problem confronting terrestrial snakes is best illustrated by what happens to sea snakes when removed from their supportive medium. Because the vertical pressure gradients within the blood vessels are counteracted by similar pressure gradients in the surrounding water, the distribution of blood throughout the body of sea snakes remains about the same regardless of their orientation in space, provided they remain in the ocean. When removed from the water and tilted at various angles with the head up, however, blood pressure at their midpoint drops significantly, and at brain level falls to zero. That many terrestrial snakes in similar spatial orientations do not experience this kind of circulatory failure suggests that certain adaptations enable them to regulate blood pressure more effectively in those orientations.
One such adaptation is the closer proximity of the terrestrial snakes heart to its head, which helps to ensure circulation to the brain, regardless of the snakes orientation in space. The heart of sea snakes can be located near the middle of the body, a position that minimizes the work entailed in circulating blood to both extremities. In arboreal snakes, however, which dwell in trees and often assume a vertical posture, the average distance from the heart to the head can be as little as 15 percent of overall body length. Such a location requires that blood circulated to the tail of the snake travel a greater distance back to the heart, a problem solved by another adaptation. When climbing, arboreal snakes often pause momentarily to wiggle their bodies, causing waves of mmuscle contraction that advance from the lower torso to head. By compressing the veins and forcing blood forward, these contractions apparently improve the flow of venous blood returning to the heart.
Is there an important exam right around the comer? You might be starting tofear, thinking that there' s no way for you to get a good grade because of thelittle time left to study. This is something all students may worry about. Butyou should accept the fact that you have to take the
exam no matter how much you want to avoid it.
Thankfully, there are several ways to help you get at least a passinggrade. You may have a try.
Get yourself together.
This might sound like silly advice, but it's actually the most important.When you fear, you may lose control over your thoughts and actions Even if youtry to study, perhaps you won’t get anything in your head.
Enjoy enough sleep.
It's unbelievable many students have little sleep each night. That’s notsomething to be proud of, especially if you're sleeping so little and stillfailing to do all the things Sleep isn't for the weak, but for the wise. Yourbrain needs enough rest. After a good night's sleep, you'll perform much betterin the morning.
Don’t fear.
Once the test paper is in front of you don't be afraid. Take a deep breathand start the exam with confidence(信心). Just like when you were reviewing, putaway the problems you’re having difficulty in and come back to them later. Ifyou have time left, go over everything to make sure you haven’t made anycareless mistakes.
41. In the writers opinion, whenever there's an importantexam,___________.
A. students might experience a period of fear
B. students will have little time to worry
C. students should try everything possible to avoid it
D. students have to ask teachers for more help
42. The writer describes "get yourself together" as silly advicebecause___________.
A. it won't influence your thoughts
B. it is one of the common senses
C. it is not the most important suggestion
D. it won’t help you get anything in your head
43. Enough sleep before an important exam is____________.
A. the pride of the weak
B. not something to be proud of
C. not necessary for the wise
D. a way to avoid failing in exams
44. When you meet with difficult problems in the exam, youcan__________.
A. give them up and take a deep breath
B. think hard and review them once again
C. put them away first and come back later
D. just trust yourself and look through the paper
45. According to the passage, you may get at least the passing grade if____________.
A. you fear nothing
B. you follow the writer's advice
C. the problems are not difficult
D. the preparation time lasts longer
Where Have All the Bees Gone? Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers ap*** to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervous system and memory. It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do, he says.
词汇： hive n. 蜂巢; 蜂箱 digestive adj. 消化的 beekeeper n. 养蜂人 insecticide n. 杀虫剂 注释： 2.the United States Department of Agriculture Bee Research Laboratory：美国农业部蜜蜂研究实验室。
练*：
A) Honeybees are flying all across the country.
C) Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return.
2. Why are researchers seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder? A) Worsening environment.
B) Because honeybees feed on flowers.
C) Dwindling number of flowers around.
D) Both B and C.
阅读理解无非就是由文章和题目构成。中考阅读题解文章题材广泛，体裁多样，如果说按照题材或者体裁来分，那实属不靠谱的行为。就好比将阅读理解这个大敌分解成无数个小敌，这样的仗让你打的应接不暇，想不败都难。那此路不通，我们就绕道，从题型来下手，纵观中考试题，我们会发现，时代在变，生活中在变，导致阅读理解题材也在不停的改变，但是不管怎么变，阅读理解的题型都是亘古不变的。是哪些题型呢？细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测以及主旨大意题。
细节理解题――文章大部分由细节构成，所以细节理解题是四种题型中最多的种，占总题型的70%，多但是不难。经常很多学生骄傲的跟我说：“老师，文章我都没看懂，但我做对了好多题目！”。一分析，做对的都属于细节理解题。
大家肯定好奇这学生为何如此“好运气”呢。其实很简单，他只是碰巧运用了细节理解题的克星――定位，说得通俗点就是到原文中找，这种题型没有做不对，只有不耐心找。带着问题中的关键字到原文中找就是了，那什么又是关键字呢，其实不用太麻烦，外国人的观念跟中国人的不同，但为国人也是人，对于东西是否关键大家的理解都是差不多的。比如“我哭了”，没有人会把“我”和“了”作为关键字对不对。
推理判断题――有些人就烦躁了，我明明定位到了原文，怎么还是做错了，这就就是我们要面对的升级版的敌人――推理判断题，不需要你有福尔摩斯的头脑，但是至少要比上面那种题型多用一点脑，那就是稍微往正常方向推一下。何谓“正常”，比如说天上乌云密布，电闪雷鸣，正常人都会觉得要下雨了是吧。当然这需要我们一些基础的生活常识辅助。这也是对同学们的建议，多看，多听，多尝试，常识就是这么积累起来了。
词义猜测题――词义猜测题在阅读理解中的比分虽不大，每年一道或者两道。但是如果你想突出，哪怕一分咱都不要放过。其实大部分词义猜测都是运用语境猜词，通过文章主题和上下文的逻辑关系，来推测出生词或的含义。当然也有使用到词缀的猜词方法，但是在使用这种方法的同时，也需要语境猜词的辅助。
主旨大意题――大部分学生最头疼的就是这题，文章都没看懂，哪知道主旨是什么。其实*时老师经常强调，写作文要点明主旨。出题人写文章也同样会这样，我们只要找到文章的主旨句就好了。关键就是如何找呢？想想自己写文章的*惯，主旨大部分都会出现在文首，文尾，偶偶也会在文章当中。据统计额，出现在文首的情况有80%，文尾的18%，文中的2%。知道这数据之后，该怎么做，你们懂的。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played forrecreation anywheresufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectatorsports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football orsoccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectatorsports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horse race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
阅读理解概述：
阅读理解全面考查考生的理解、分析、比较、概括和解决问题的能力。阅读理解的语篇选材覆盖面广，保持了题材、体裁的多样性。选材语言地道，文体特征鲜明。试题难易适当，有合理的梯度，将细节判断、理解判断和推理判断融会贯通。
阅读理解举足轻重，占用时间长，分值大，失分多。高考150满分，阅读理解占40分。总共5篇阅读，每篇阅读设题数量不一，共20道题，每题2分。如何能够在35分钟内读完长达2000-2200词的五篇文章，并且能够正确回答所有的问题，从而得到满意的分数是一个关键却也较难的问题。要想解决这个问题就必须下决心抓阅读，提高阅读能力和阅读理解题的应试能力。
距离期中考试还剩十几天如何突击复*得高分：
今天距离北京市期中考试还有十几天，我们就学生们提出的几个关于阅读理解的问题做一个解答，希望对高中的学生有些帮助。
一、如何应对读不完文章，做不完题的问题。
这个问题较普遍，原因有三：
1.是没有养成良好的做题*惯。有些同学做题左顾右盼，无法马上进入考试紧张状态，时间浪费在了考试以外的事情上。
2.是心态不好，考场氛围紧张，考生更紧张。总盯着其他同学做到哪里了，听到翻卷子的声音就非常紧张，更别提做题了。
3.是没有好的做题方法，对阅读理解题分析不够。
解决方案：
1、*衡心态。考试对心态要求很高，既要紧张又不能过分紧张，既要自信又不能妄自菲薄。
2、做题方法。这里只强调做题顺序，大家更倾向于哪种呢？是A→Q→A（A=Article，Q=Question），即先从整体去阅读文章，后看问题，还是Q→A→Q，即先把整个问题快速看一遍，然后带着问题在文章中找答案？选用前者的学生是心里原因在作怪，总觉得不读文章就看题好像肯定做不对似的，心里很不踏实。我建议大家选用后者。根据效率原则和目标原则，首先要求学生加强具有目的性的训练，我们要的是什么，通过什么途径可以达到，而且更快更好的达到。此种方法最大的特点就是节省时间，而且针对性很强，如果问题是事实性的和细节性的，那准确率也是比较高的，但它的缺点就是在解决具有推理判断或是综合性的问题时效果就不太明显了。这样大家要灵活运用两者方法，寻找适合自己的解题技巧。
二、如何应对高中英语阅读中的长难句？
*年来，英语阅读解题加强了对长，难句的考察，阅读材料中出现了不少省略句，复合句和特长句，给正确理解全文造成了很大困难。实际上，一般情况下，不在长难句中设题。文章难，题不难。一旦考到长，难句，大家也不要心慌。
应对长难句的解题技巧：
1利用还原法恢复句型的原貌。例如：Betty shrugs. Talk? Were friends.(20xx全国，C)
该句为省略句，根据上文Harold对妻子长时间跟女友谈话而感到纳闷的情况，该剧课补充还原为：Betty shrugs. Why are we talking so long? Were friends.
2 成分分析法。这是较常用的方法。
三、高中期中考试考前如何进行实战操练才最有效：
临考十天：
做到每天五篇，养成考场*惯。每天保证阅读量，最好是一天一套5篇阅读。并根据自己的情况，设定时间完成，逐渐缩短阅读时间。可以按照，50分钟，45分钟，40分钟，35分钟的规律递减。摸索阅读速度，确定阅读方法，保持做题惯性。考前模拟，创造黑马。
临考一天：
完成五篇一天任务，总结一周阅读技巧。当你拿出一周的50篇阅读文章时，相信你的内心一定是充满了喜悦感，成就感。好!保持这种感觉！你便可突出重围！
总结五篇阅读，回答几个问题：1每篇阅读是什么题材？（记叙，应用，说明，议论）。2每道题是什么题型？（事实细节，主旨大意，推理判断，猜测词义）。3题目做错是粗心导致，还是方法使用不当？并把错题归类，哪一种类型是自己的弱项。4对应错误再重新阅读本篇指导。做到这些，考场上的你一定如虎添翼！阅读理解满分绝不是幻想！
The intensive work of materials scientists and solid-state physicists has given rise to a class of solids known as amorphous metallic alloys or glassy metals. There is a growing interest among theoretical and applied researchers alike in the structural properties of these materials.
When a molten metal or metallic alloy is cooled to a solid, a crystalline structure is formed that depends on the particular alloy composition. In contrast, molten nonmetallic glass-forming materials when cooled do not assume a crystalline structure, but instead retain a structure somewhat like that of the liquid an amorphous structure. At room temperature the natural long-term tendency for both types of materials is to assume the crystalline structure. The difference between the two is in the kinetics or rate of formation of the crystalline structure which is controlled by factors such as the nature of the chemical bonding and the ease with which atoms move relative to each other. Thus, in metals, the kinetics favors rapid formation of a crystallines structure whereas in nonmetallic glasses the rate of formation is so slow that almost any cooling rate is sufficient to result in an amorphous structure. For glassy metals to be formed, the molten metal must be cooled extremely rapidly so that crystallization is suppressed.
The structure of glassy metals is thought to be similar to that of liquid metals. One of the first attempts to model the structure of a liquid was that by the late J. D. Bernal of the University of London, who packed hard spheres into a rubber vessel in such a way as to obtain the maximum possible density. The resulting dense, random-packed structure was the basis for many attempts to model the structure of glassy metals.
阅读能力是英语考试中重点考查的英语语言运用能力。以中、高考英语试题为例，阅读理解题在试题中所占的比重最大，同时听力、完形填空、书面表达、单项填空等题型的答题效果也直接或间接地依赖于阅读能力。如完形填空，也叫缺词阅读，如果学生不能读懂短文的大意，就无法正确地填上所缺的单词。因此，提高英语阅读能力在英语学*中常起着至关重要的作用。
尽管中学英语教学历来重视培养学生的阅读能力，但由于传统的英语课堂教学过多地承担了词汇、语法等语言基础知识的教学任务，英语教师常把大量的时间、精力用于知识点的传授、复*、掌握和操练上，专门的阅读训练，尤其是以语篇能力、思维能力和阅读技巧为核心的阅读能力训练不足，导致学生的阅读能力并没有得到实质性的提高。其外在的表现是，学生参加英语考试时经常在阅读理解和完形填空等题中失分过多。
从提高英语阅读能力的途径看，学生的阅读训练与学*主要有两类：一类以开阔视野、欣赏鉴析为主；另一类是以阅读策略为主要目的的专项训练。仅从应试的角度看，与前者相比，后者更能够使学生在较短的学*时间内大幅度提高英语阅读能力，从而在英语测试中取得理想的成绩。阅读策略的内容主要包括阅读技巧、语篇能力和思维能力。从全国各地中高考英语试题的设计去分析，涉及阅读技巧和语篇能力方面的考点主要有：理解主旨大意与细节、根据上下文线索猜测生词词义、识别具体事实和抽象概念、把握全篇的结构与逻辑关系、理解文章的字面意思与深层含义、理解图表信息等。这方面的训练必须通过学生独立自主的阅读和有针对性的解题实践，才能使他们养成良好的阅读*惯，提高阅读理解能力。
随着*年来中高考英语试题难度和阅读量的不断增加，思维能力的局限越来越成为阻碍学生提高英语考试成绩的一大障碍。如*年来完形填空题的考核已经不再以语法知识为主，而是重点考查学生对文章意思的理解，即所要填写的词只能从一定的语境中找出。这就要求学生学会根据上下文的逻辑关系进行仔细的分析与判断。而阅读理解题更是越来越多地检测学生对文章的隐含意义、逻辑结构等的理解和对主旨大意的概括，例如推断作者的写作态度和意图、猜测生词的词义、确立文章的主题等，这些问题的答案多数隐藏在文章的脉络之中，学生通常无法直接从字面意思中获得，必须开动脑筋、激活思维。因此，要想在英语考试中取得高分，学生必须学会灵活运用分析、综合、归纳、判断、推理等思维方法。
由国际阅读协会资深专家Diane和James教授合著，华东师范大学英语课程与教学论专业吕良环副教授编注的《成功英语阅读策略》丛书，汇聚了中外英语教学专家多年的研究成果，为广大中学生提供了一条提高英语阅读能力和英语考试成绩的捷径。该套丛书正是通过对阅读能力的核心--阅读策略的逐一揭示，让你感到，英语阅读原来并不神秘，提高英语阅读能力的时机是那么*在咫尺。读完丛书，你将发现英语阅读的技巧原来是如此丰富，你将懂得如何巧妙地运用自己的思维去分析作者隐含在英语文字中的思想，你也将领悟从语篇的角度去把握文章的脉络是多么重要。
——英语阅读理解技巧通用10篇
阅读理解的B节包括三种备选题型，这3种备选题型主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体性特征的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的整体和微观结构。下面我来具体谈谈这3种备选题型的实用答题技巧：
阅读理解B节备选题型一
备选题型一就是所说的选择搭配题，选择搭配题实际上就是另一种完型填空，只是将完型填空的词汇换成了语句。选择搭配题包括两部分：主干部分和选项部分。主干部分是一篇总长度为500～600词的文章，其中有5段空白，空白的位置可能在段首、段落中间、段末，但不会是文章的第一句，一般情况下也不会是最后一句。选项部分包括6—7段文字，每段可能是一个句子，可能是两三个短句，也有可能是完整的段落。要求考生根据文章内容从这6—7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。选择搭配题所考文章不仅从长度上长于阅读理解A节中的文章（每篇约400～450词），而且在文字难度和做题要求上也都高于A节。A节中的文章是完整的，在通读文章时，思路不会被打断。而选择搭配题的文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。并且一个空填错势必会影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此题有5个空白处，却提供6～7个选项，因此就有1～2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。
做选择搭配题时建议先快速阅读全文，力求对文章内容有一个大概的了解，然后看后面选项。阅读时注意首段和要点词句，通过文章的首段和要点词句判断文章的大概意思。当然，由于文章空缺了五处，并且有的地方空缺的是几句话甚至一整段，所以在短时间内掌握文章要点或者逻辑思路比较困难，读一遍后很有可能仍然不知道文章的主旨大意或者整体结构。如果碰到这种情况不要惊惶，也不要重新阅读试图掌握文章主旨大意或者整体结构，边做题边阅读即可。做题时重点阅读各个空白处附*的句子，考查选择项与前后内容的逻辑关系，然后再圈定关键的线索词（包括名词、动词、连词、代词等），最后从各选项中寻找在内容和词语上都衔接合理的选择项，确定答案。做题时拿不准或者做不出的可先放过，继续往下读。先做容易的并且非常确定的题，以免在一个题上过多浪费时间，并且可以避免做错的题目导致的更多的题目做错。最后将答案放到文章中，通读全文，检查文章是否主题一致，从而判断所选答案的正确性。检查过程非常重要，切不可忽视。
阅读理解B节备选题型二
备选题型二也就是所谓的排序题。排序是在一篇长度约500－600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已经被打乱，要求考生根据文章内容和结构将所列段落（7—8个）重新排序。其中有2—3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。排序题的阅读量比阅读理解A节中的文章长一些，并且各段落没有按顺序排列，给阅读造成了很大的障碍。
排序题要求考生把握各段的中心大意，在把握各段中心大意的基础上，根据已经给出文章中具**置的段落，按照“开头—三段展开段—结尾”的文章结构，初步排出顺序。做这种题型时，有时候即使读懂了各段的主要意思，也还是很难正确排出顺序，这时候就要考虑文章的整体模式和语言语境，同时借助一些关键词，代词、名词、连词、动词等信号词的帮助以及文章中已给出具**置的段落。所以排序题的答题步骤是先读已经给出具**置的2—3个段落，找出这2—3个段落的关键词、信号词，并根据这2—3个段落确定语境和作者的写作思路。然后读各选择段落，确定各选择段落的大概意思。最后，根据关键词、信号词，各段落的意思以及段落之间的过渡词、过渡句找出各段落的初步联系确定相关段落的顺序。排序过程中，很可能排出几组不同序号，这时候检查和排除就变得非常重要。检查时应该考虑文章整体是否符合语篇结构，文章内容是否是一个有机的整体，各段落之间是否符合一定的逻辑顺序等。
阅读理解B节备选题型三
此题型是在一篇长度为500词的文章中有6—7段文字或6—7个概括句或小标题，这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6—7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。这一题型主要考查考生区分论点、论据，把握论点论据一致性的能力。要求考生根据文章内容，从多个选项中找出最能支持相应论点的论据，或者要求考生根据文章的内容，找出最能概括文章内容的论点。前者要求考生准确理解各个论点的含义，找出支持相关论点的论据；后者则要求考生对段落的主题思想有一个很好的把握，找出最能概括段落主题思想的论点。不管是给出论点寻找支持它的论据还是给出论据寻找与论据所要表达的主题最接*的论点都要考虑论据与论点的一致性。
解答这种题有两个难度，一个是对论点的正确把握，一个是找出最能说明论点的论据。有的同学读完一段话，完全能够正确理解这段话中的每一个句子，却不知道这一个一个句子连接而成的一段话所要表达的主题，不知道作者最想表达的观点，所以也就无法从选项中选出最能支持段落观点的论据。我认为解答这类题目时可以先快速略读全文，不包括选项，力求对文章内容有一个大概的了解。然后快速略读各选项，了解各选项的意思。最后详细阅读文章中需要找论据的段落，概括出段落想要表达的论点，最后带着论点从后面的选项中找论据。对于不能确定的选项可以跳过，继续做后面的题目，做完比较容易的题目后，剩余的选项也就不多了，这样再用排除法排除最不可能的选项，剩余的选项自然是正确答案了。做完题目后一定要检查，在对文章的内容和选项更加了解的基础上确认答案的正确与否，检查时前瞻后顾，综合考虑。
这三种题型都是考查考生对连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解，要求考生从整体上而不是细节上把握文章的内容。对于新题型考生不能因为比较陌生而恐惧，也不能因为分值只有十分而放弃，应该多做一些题目，在做题中体会解题的思路和技巧。
一、带着问题阅读文章
考生要在规定的时间内做完英语试卷，因此，每一部分的试题答题时间都应该得到良好的规划，尤其是阅读理解题。第一是因为阅读理解题分值大，第二是因为时间紧任务重，考生要尽量在40分钟内完成20道左右的题目，这样速度就成为了关键，学生要在保证正确率的基础上提高做题的速度，带着问题阅读文章就不失为是一个好办法。与此同时，学生在阅读的时候，要把与题目有关的单词、句子或者是段落做重点标记，这样有利于之后的做题，还能够排除与题目无关的内容，在无形之中又提高了做题的正确性。带着问题阅读文章，也能够激发学生阅读的兴趣，兴趣是最好的老师，学生对做阅读理解题产生了兴趣，对于提高英语成绩是至关重要的，带着问题阅读文章既可以节约时间还可以提高答题的准确率。
二、在理解的基础上提高速度
阅读理解题最重要的就是理解，如果不理解，那么要想做对题是完全不可能的。然而，理解的准确性和阅读速度貌似是一个无法调和的矛盾，对于学生们来说，追求速度，就没办法达到理解的透彻性和准确性，反过来说，要想达到理解的准确性，速度就会慢下来。想要调解这组矛盾，就需要学生在*时多练*阅读理解，就像在考场上一样严格的要求自己，在规定的时间内完成相应的阅读理解题。首先要保证阅读质量，在阅读质量提高的基础上再追求阅读速度，因为没有了理解的准确性，速度再快也没有任何意义。学生应该每天都坚持做一篇或两篇阅读理解，最好保证正确率不低于70%。阅读的时候还应该注意处理好精度和泛读的关系。有些文章，比如说阅读英语杂志等，学生不需要力求弄明白每一句话的意思，只需要理解文章的大概意思就行，泛读的意义在于，通过这些阅读，学生可以掌握大量的词汇、句法、句型等，增长见闻，培养语感等。对于那些有一定难度并且写的比较好的文章，学生需要做深入的剖析，力求理解每一句话的意思，不认识的单词都应该弄明白具体的含义，分析文中的长句和难句，总结文章的中心思想、论点、作者的态度等，要带着学*的态度去精读这些文章。
三、找准文章的主旨句
文章的主旨句一般就是文章第一段的首尾句或者是文章的最后一段的首尾句。考生明确了文章主旨句就等于明确了文章作者的态度，找准文章的主旨句考生就有了正确的思维方向，如果不明白作者的态度，考生很可能会采取错误的解题思路。一般情况下，文章其余各段的第一句话是每段的中心句，考生先读文章的主旨句和中心句，可以对文章有一个大概的了解，再带着问题阅读全文，这样既节省了时间，也可以提高做题的准确性。
四、重点标记文章中的转折词
文章中的转折词所起的作用是不容忽视的，把握住这些转折词，对于理解作者的写作思路，情感态度，文章的内容都有很大的帮助。这些转折词包括：but、however、yet等，比如有些题会问作者对某件事情的态度，文章的布局通常是这样的，作者先列举其他人的观点，在这些观点之后，文中会出现一个转折词，转折词之后才是作者自己的观点，也就是说，转折词之后是理解作者态度的关键句子所在。
五、养成良好的阅读*惯
很多学生在做阅读理解题的时候，喜欢一遇到生词就查字典，实际上这是很不好的阅读*惯，试想在考场上怎么办呢？考官不可能让我们拿着字典进入考场的，所以，学生在*常的练*中要学会根据上下文的意思来推断该生词的意思，推断词意这种类型的题在考试中是很常见的，因此，学生很有必要学会这一方法，改掉查字典的坏*惯。除此之外，有些学生力求解释每一句话的意思，实际上这是完全不需要的，弄懂每一句话的意思不仅浪费时间，对于做题也没有多大的用处，学生只需要弄懂文章的主旨句、中心句，以及和细节题有关的段落就足以做好考题了，否则，可能会适得其反，误导学生的判断。
六、培养阅读兴趣
兴趣是最好的老师，没有兴趣，学生就不可能做到大量的阅读实践，更不可能长此以往的坚持下去。这既需要学生积极主动的去寻找学*的兴趣点，同时也需要老师正确的引导，使学生能够独立自主的进行英语的学*。
总之，英语阅读能力的提高不是一朝一夕的事情，阅读能力的提高是做大量阅读练*的结果，是坚持不懈的结果，学生们只有在正确方法的指引下，不断实践，总结经验教训，才能取得理想的成绩。
根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在中考中所占比重越来越大，这是拉开档次的题目。
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上（上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上）所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。为了提高阅读理解能力，同学们在做阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下功夫：
（一）要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。
（二）要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。20xx年上海英语中考阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的*惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动——停顿——移动着。理解是在“眼停”的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。
中考英语阅读理解题技巧
克服不良*惯，提高阅读速度。由于考试的时间有限，在保证不出偏差的前提下，一定要尽可能地提高阅读速度。倘若能注意克服以下不良*惯，就可以大大提高阅读速度：
①心读。考场上不能出声阅读，于是有的考生就在心里读，有时考生的嘴唇也在动。这是非常不好的*惯，一定要下决心克服。因为这样做会直接制约着阅读速度的提高；
②回视（指重新阅读上文）。阅读中的回视是一种无效劳动，所以应一口气把文章读完，尽量不要回视。这坏*惯是慢慢形成的，不是一朝一夕就能克服掉的。在*时的学*中就应当引起注意并加以克服；
③一个词一个词地看。阅读时，视线应从左向右跳跃式移动，着重扫描意群，同时注意意群中的重要单词，以寻求主要的语言信息。可将冠词、系动词、助动词及不定式符号等小品词一扫而过，不可一词不漏地全部都看一遍；
④只读不记。正确的做法是：一边阅读一边用笔记下或标出那些与文后所设问题有关的信息。这样，在做题时就用不着重新查阅短文，至少不用一句一句地再寻找那些隐约有印象的信息，从而可以节省一些时间。
判断要有依据，推理要顺乎作者的意图。对于推理性或评价性之类的阅读理解题目，在材料中一般是找不到现成答案的，必须通读全篇，对所获信息加以筛选、提炼、推断，对作者的思想倾向，对文中提及的人物或事件可能产生的结局等，加以综合考虑才能得出正确结论。对这种题，不能以偏概全，不能“只见树木，不见森林”，不能以个人的想法代替作者的意图。
遇到生词时，一定要沉着、冷静。中考英语试题中，一般是不会盲目地出现生词的，但不排除出现影响答题的生词，同时也可能出现猜测生词的题目，因为猜测词义也是阅读能力的体现，当然也在考查范围之列。遇到这种题目，只要理解了全篇材料的大部分内容，弄清了上、下文之间的内在联系，判断出它在文中可能存在的含义是不难的。英语中猜测词义的方法很多
中考英语阅读答题技巧
一、强转折和强对比处常考
（1）“强转折”引导词：but，however，although等
攻略：引导词（比如but）之前不是重点
引导词（比如but）之后才是重点
（2）“强对比”常见引导词：unlike，but，however
攻略：A具有X属性，B与A不同，问B有什么属性？
答案：非X属性
二、列举处常考
列举是由and，or，aswellas，notonlyAbutalsoB等引导的并列成分。
Which题型——攻略：文章里面列举的去a，b，c的这种标示，a，b，c=名词
Except题型——攻略：给出一个（除了这一个，找到这个例外）
三、例子常考
例子的引导词是：forexample等
攻略：找forexample（前面的那句话：中心句）
四、数字和年代常考（比较容易忽略的点）
攻略：先将数字圈起来
五、级及的绝对含义常考
绝对含义引导词：never，all，only，no，none，always，must等
级引导词：most，adj。+est，adv。+est
攻略：在阅读的时候就把包含绝对化或级的那句话标上小红旗
六、段落主题句常考
段落的第一句和最后一句往往是表达中心思想的主题句
常考主旨题（找到中心思想）
七、专有名词常考
专有名词特点：首字母大写
攻略：标上重点，易考，可以迅速定位
快速浏览全文
抓住事实和细节事实是作者的思想和观点的有力证据，是作者所写文章的重要依据。而细节是使文章连成整体的主要手段，是使文章充满活力的重要方式。换句话说，事实和细节是文章的血和肉。不论事件多么惊人，也不论观点如何新奇，若没有事实和细节，这篇文章就显得空洞无力。高考中，很多问题就是考查考生对事实和细节的把握，因此，考生在了解了文体特点和通过文章首尾句掌握了文章的中心和主要内容的基础上，必须快速浏览全文，抓住文中的事实和细节。并且在浏览的过程中，考生应根据短文后面的问题和选项，将与之有关的事实和细节用笔一一画出，且标明其题的序号，以便研究答题。
抓住相关词语
快速弄清作者的思想相关词语分为两大类：其一是关键词，即名词、动词、数词和形容词等实词，根据这些词语就能够看出句子或文章的主要内容;其二是信息词，即情态动词(may, must, can, have相关词语分为两大类：其一是关键词，即名词、动o等)，副词(yet, however, therefore, otherwise，carefully, seriously等)、连词(but, while, though, if等)等虚词和短语(as if / though, on the contrary, by contrast, even if / though, in spite of等)，根据这些词语就能够推断出文章中人物的精神状态或作者的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度及文章的逻辑关系。
根据文体特征，快速抓住要点在上一节的知识必备中，我们讲到了英语中各种不同文体的特征。考生在英语考试中，就可以运用这方面的知识，根据文章的不同体裁的写作方法，迅速提取文章的信息。
紧抓主题句
快速理解全文无论是读书，还是看报纸，我们首先见到的就是一篇文章的标题。然而，在高考中，英语阅读理解文章往往没有标题。这时，考生可以从研究文章的主题句入手，根据主题句快速识别文体，从而抓住文章的中心，推测出全文的内容。英语文章一般是按总分总这样一种思路来写的，也就是说，文章的第总1句或第2句多半为总写，为文章的主题句(topic sentence)，后面的文字就围绕它展开论述;而最后一句(尾句)或倒数第2句，就是在论述的基础上进行总结，得出结论或发出感慨。同样，往往每一段的第1句又为这一段的主题句;末尾的句子又为这一段的结论。因此，在一定程度上考生可以从首尾句入手，推测全文的内容，从而迅速理解全文。当然，有些文章的主题句并不在句子的首、尾，而在文章的中间;有的文章甚至没有主题句，这就要求考生灵活处理。
研究重点
突破难点在阅读过程中，碰到一些难以理解的问题，是非常正常的事情。这时，考生不必惊慌，而应冷静头脑，对问题进行认真分析、研究，从而进行难点突破。因为高考中的阅读毕竟是一种信息性的阅读，只要能提取正确的信息就足够了，因此对于那些不影响阅读的问题，就不必理会，在阅读过程中，碰到一些难以理解的问题，是非常正常的事情。这时，考生不必惊慌，而应冷。只有当它们影响了对句子或文章的理解、特别是当它们影响问题的解决时，我们才在通读全文的基础上，对这些难点进行研究，加以分析、解决。阅读中的难点主要可以分为3类：生词、长而复杂句子、英美文化障碍。
(1)猜测生词词义：阅读中碰到生词时，首先应根据句子的意思判断出此单词的词性及其感情色彩和其在句子中所充当的成分;然后根据我们*常所学的构词法知识，联系上下文和*时积累的常识，来推测这个单词的意义。并且猜测单词时，没有必要猜测出其准确的意义，只要能猜出其大概意义即可。
①根据构词法猜测词义：我们所学过的构词法主要有3种：派生法、转化法和合成法。Most seaweed is red and brown in color. (seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为海草)Invariably the background was the same. (invariably由in + vary + able + ly构成，意为不可改变地)Youll be punished if you desert rubbish everywhere. (desert由名词desert转化而成，意为丢弃)
②根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds. (由devour与后面动词kill的并列结构得知devour意为毁坏)Wood and skins have easily rotted away, but stone doesnt decay. (根据but的反义结构可知decay意为腐烂)
③根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词。根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学His name was Napoleon Bonaparte, and he finally became Emperor of France. (由常识拿破仑是法国的皇帝可知Emperor意为皇帝)Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport. (由句子的意义可看出Modern alpinists tryONT alpinist意为把登山作为体育运动的人)
(2)分析理解长而难的句子：英语文章中，有时为了使表达准确、语言严谨，往往采用插入语、分隔结构、倒装结构、同位结构、省略结构、分词结构及it的句型再加上并列复合句、主从复合句，使句子很长而结构纷繁复杂，给阅读理解带来了很大的困难。然而，考生们不要慌张，对于这类句子应从句子的层次入手，先抓主句的主干，即：主、谓、宾、补、状，再理清其枝叶，即从句及其他修饰成分。
(3)消除英美文化障碍：虽然，对英美文化的了解是一个长时间的积累过程，但是，对于具体的文化障碍，我们可以从上下文的语境中去理解，或通过中西方文化的比较或用生活的常识加以分析理解。如：These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. (大家知道，自行车轮胎若粘满了泥沙，车就不能前进，那么，put sand in the wheels of trade就意味着阻碍贸易的进行)
1.讲究词汇记忆质量，提升阅读理解能力
英语阅读能力高低，关键在于词汇量，所以考生一定要注意词汇记忆的质量，注意积累和掌握处理词汇的四个基本能力：①根据构词法判断衍生词、派生词和合成词的词义和词性的能力;②根据篇章语境和上下文断定一词多义、熟词生义的语言能力;③娴熟掌握篇章中语言借代的现象;④准确判断与阅读理解密切相关的一些语言功能现象，如：逻辑连词，递进衔接词和语法连接词。
2.精读泛读相互融合，确保能力开阔视野
精读的目的是：弄清每个词汇的确切含义和其语言功能，整体把握篇章，了解谋篇布局和熟悉作者的语言结构。通过精读反过来促进词汇记忆和应用，同时又能达到学*他人的写作目的。
泛读的目的是：坚持每天读一点，旨在开阔视野，增加英美文化背景知识，扩大知识面有助于提升阅读理解能力，以此不断丰富自己处理语言现象的能力。
3.正确掌握阅读速度，强化阅读理解精度
*年来的高考阅读篇章的篇幅较长，对考生的阅读速度和理解的精度要求较高。因此，考生应采用正确的阅读方法，把自己的关注力集中在语义上，准确领会作者的写作意图为阅读第一要素。应用“意群理解”的阅读方式，多用略读、跳读、扫读和回读的快捷方法，在最短的时间内找寻关键词、主题句及作者意图等重要信息。为提高阅读速度，最好坚持有针对性的限时阅读训练策略的强化，提升阅读速度的同时又能把握阅读理解的精度。
针对高考阅读理解的命题原则和思路，建议考生应在阅读理解策略上多下功夫，动动点子。针对高考阅读理解设题思路，考生可根据不同题型采用不同策略。
①主旨大意题??“篇章首尾兼顾”策略
这类题称之为“主题句定位原则”，通常可在文章首段的第一句或段落的首尾句找到主旨大意的关键词语。
②综合细节题??“语义类似定位”策略
今年高考的综合细节题多运用同义解释或反义转换形式，侧重考查考生的语言的理解和把握能力，故解题时宜采用相关同义或反义表述搜寻策略即可。
③推测判断题??“因果关联定位”策略
这类题为“依据事实推测未知结论”的类型理解题，解题时须遵循客观规律，符合逻辑推理，根据已知事实依据判定动作趋势和相关结果的因果关联思考。
④最佳标题题??“中心词+概括性词语”策略
这类题的词语短而精炼，解题时应遵循“概括性词语加上中心词”的搭配原则，这类题的短语构成具有概括性、针对性和醒目性的特点。
⑤作者意图题??“尾段言语定位”策略
这类题主要考查考生能否正确判定作者为何写这篇文章，他对所描述的事件的真正看法是什么，所以，解题时重点关注短文的最后一段含有结论性的词语就能获得关键信息词语。
高一英语阅读理解技巧
解剖文章的第1段.
在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图.
通览文章时，留意语气词和过渡词.
停下来，总结一下文章大意.
开始答题.
1. 解剖文章的第1段.
积极主动地解读文章的第1段，阅读时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点)，和一些关于文章内容的概念和词汇，如这篇文章讲的是生物化学，日本企业文化还是黑人运动。文章的论题是什么，作者想说什么?
2. 在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图.
在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么?再次提醒，GMAT考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节。(其实，你也没有那么多时间)。相反，你应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当你读完这篇文章时，你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。
3. 通览文章时，留意语气词和过渡词
在快速阅读文章时，特别留意段落开头或者结尾可能出现的语气词和过渡词。这样做有助于你对作者思路的把握，从而快速掌握文章大意。
4. 停下来，总结一下文章大意.
在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题。
5. 开始答题.
根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。这里，你可以比第3个步骤更仔细。
1.正确审题是答题基础
审题正确保证所获取的信息正确，为正确答题提供保障;相反，如果审题错误，就会导致获取的信息错误，最后引起答题错误，因此第一步就要正确审题。正确的审题包括两个方面的要求:一是对问题的内容正确理解，二是对问题的要求准确把握。只有这样，把问题弄明白了，才能保证答题的方向正确。
2.查找相关信息是答题的关键
信息是答题的根据、答题的根本。如果找不出信息，也就无法答题。因此查找相关信息是正确答题的关键。然而一篇三百字左右的文章所包含的信息很多，考生不能胡乱找出一二句话作为答题的信息，而必须根据第一步对问题内容的理解，找出与问题内容相关的句子。从而使答案有据可查、有本可依，保证答案内容正确。
3.正确表达是答题的目的
正确表达是答题的归宿、是答题的目的。如果表达不正确，轻则影响得分，重则前功尽弃。因此，在找出了与问题相关的信息后，就必须结合问题的要求，对信息进行加工、整合、处理，保证答案的形式正确，从而使答案正确无误。
高考英语阅读理解答题技巧
考试时间短，任务重，怎样才能使考试作答又快又准呢?考生应该掌握一下答题技巧。
1.先题后文，有的放矢
考生在答题之前，先浏览一下问题，弄清问题的内容和要求。然后带着问题去阅读文章，从而避免了文章中无关信息的干扰，使阅读有意识、有目的地进行。
2.快速阅读，找出信息
阅读文章时，对于与问题无关的信息一扫而过，特别是对与问题无关的生词，当放下的就必须放下，切不可纠缠不清，耽误时间;而对于与问题相关的信息在阅读时就一边用笔将其圈划出来。
待到把文章阅读完以后，只要对这些信息进行处理即可。
3.研究信息，正确作答
通过对文章的阅读，找出了与问题相关的信息，那么就要回过头来，根据问题的要求对信息进行加工、处理。
4.对照检查，确保无误
对问题进行作答后，若时间允许的话，应该将问题、相关信息及所作答案进行对照，检查意思是否准确一致、表达方式是否得当、单词拼写是否正确。这样确保答案无误，从而夺得本试题的高分。
阅读理解题一般有以下几种形式：
1)根据短文内容，判断正、误
2)根据短文内容，选择最佳答案
3)根据短文内容，回答问题
4)根据短文内容，填写表格
5)根据短文内容，在改写后的短文中填词
阅读理解部分的短文内容非常广泛，有人物传记、政治经济、天文史地、社会文化、科普小品、风土人情、幽默故事及日常生活的各个方面。试题往往就短文中容易误解和忽略之处灵活地提出问题，所用的句型和词语也往往不同于短文中相应部分的句型和词语。
掌握丰富的词汇及必要的语法知识是提高阅读理解能力的先决条件，而了解文化差异及历史背景常常是十分重要的。因此，同学们应该对讲英语国家的风土人情及历史发展有一般的常识，同时对科普、科幻、天文、地理等都要有所了解。你们还必须经常进行大量的各种体裁、各种风格的课外阅读，逐步加快阅读速度，不断增进阅读技巧。下面向同学们介绍
阅读理解的解题步骤和方法：
1.通读全文，掌握大意
做阅读理解题一定要学会通过快速阅读，从整体上理解短文的大意及中心思想，领会
出题人的意图。切忌人为地将短文搞得支离破碎，逐词逐句地去感知材料，看一句或几句做一个题目，这样会影响答题的正确率。但是对于一些长句和难句要作语法分析，以便掌握短文的大意和每个句子的确切含义。短文的开头和结尾往往是全文内容的概括，对理解、推理都会有很大的帮助。
2.细审题意，获取信息
认真审阅文后的理解题。在审题时要弄清楚试题问的是细节（如人物、时间、地点）
还是主题大意；是事实还是观点；是从正面问还是从反面问。看清试题后，带着问题再回到正文中去寻找有关的句子、段落，获取重要的信息。然后把所获得的信息点与所给的答案逐一进行认真的比较，以便作出正确的判断。
3.分层推理，正确答题
有些理解题可以直接从短文中找到答案。有些深层次的理解题在短文中找不到直接的
信息点，要经过分析推理，从已有的信息链中判断文章的意思，即应以短文中提供的间接信息点为依据，根据作者的意图，凭借你们自己的社会文化知识和生活经验，加进短文中所没有明确表述的却又与主题有联系的思想和信息，进行合乎逻辑的推理，从而确定正确的选项。
阅读理解试题主要用来测试学生的阅读速度、理解能力及记忆能力，有的采用一个句子，有的采用一段文章或整篇文章。内容广泛，题材各异。
以题目的难易程度分析，人们常常把它们分为表层理解 和 深层理解。所谓表层理解 就是对文中客观事实的感知和记忆，深层理解 是根据文中的客观事实，在认真思考后进行逻辑推理、总结或概括，得出结论，或从上下文、字里行间悟出文中没有直接表达出来的而可能存在的和必然的结果来。
以题材或体裁论，大致有下述几种；
1．记叙文（故事、人物小传、新闻报导、史地知识介绍等）
2．说明文（科普文章、文明书等）
3．论说文（有关政治、经济、社会各方面论述）
4．应用文（书信、广告、通知等）
做阅读理解要注意以下几点：
1．要判断出所给文章的类别，根据各类文章的性质，在开始阅读后有意识地着重去掌握和记住某些关键的内容和词汇。这样既抓住了要害，又节省了时间，避免了在若干细节及无关全局的问题上纠缠。初中阶段，碰到的主要是记叙文。如果是故事或传记，就应特别注意找出主要人物、事件发生的时间、地址，主要情节及最后结局。故事传记主要地叙述主人公的主要特征，他与其他重要人物之间的关系，也应同时记住。新闻报导、史地知识介绍，往往是一个一事的介绍，比故事、传记要简单，但也离不开记叙文的基本特点，对于上述要求它们同样适用，而新闻报导特别强调时间性、准确性，因此要搞清时间、地点和数字。
2．解题时，不要边看问题边从文中查找答案。因为用这种方法难以提高阅读理解的效果，尤其对地深层理解的文章。应浏览全文，了解全文的概貌，看完后，应记住文章的要点，重要的结论以及一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字（不同的人名、地点可用铅笔在试卷上分别打上不同的记号，以便查找）
3．要注意找出主题句，利用主题句来查找有关信息。一般说来，论述性较强的文章或说明文、每一段或相关的几段里总有一句话是主题句。读了主题句后，便能知道这一段大致的中心内容，因为主题句概括了全段的主要内容，而该段其余的句子则是用来阐述或说明主题句的。有些趣味性、讽刺性、幽默性较强的文章，在文章结尾的时候，一句道破天，使我们对文章下子全明了。得出全文的主意和作者的意途。
4．一定要掌握好解题速度，有效地控制考试时间，先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法，碰到难题时，千万不要钻牛角尖，耽误太多时间。一时做不出的题，要果断舍弃，以免影响解别的较有把握的题，待全部题解完后，如有剩余时间再回来做放弃的题。
5．对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词不达意，可以放过去不必务求理解。遇到重要生词时，不要着急，也不要轻易放弃，我们可以采取根据上下文来猜词或根据构词法来猜词等方法来猜出这个词的大致意思。
6．有的学生要“顺读法”，就是先读短文，后读题目，然后再读短文寻找正确答案。有的学生采用“倒读法”，就是先读题（四个选项不读）后读短文，最后寻找答案。“倒读法”不失为一种很好的阅读方法，因为这种阅读方法是带着问题阅读，目的明确，容易集中，能及时抓住文中与解题关系密切的信息，从而节省了阅读时间。“倒读法”对表层理解的题目（提问时间、地点、原因等）效果最好。对深层理解的题目要从短文的整体内容出发，进行概括和总结，分析所提供选项，做出准确的判断。
总之，解答这类题的中心步骤就是阅读，既要阅读短文，又要阅读题目阅读时要注意阅读技艺，提高阅读效率。在做到以上几点的基础上，就可对文章后面所给的问题，分析用“一次判断”逐个分析，以及“排除法”等方式来进行判断解答了。
一、常考语法点
1.复杂长难句结构(复杂句中常有2个动词为标志)
2.强调句(it is that do not only but also)
3.正话反说(潜台词)(sound like/seem look as though utopia)
4.含插入语的句子(跳过不看)
5.双重否定(负负得正原则)(hardly unknown, do not less , nothing illegal)
6.一些特殊标点，如引语常考。要不支持，要不批判，要不大背景。
7.复杂句中的拆分的固定结构，如from to between and
8.同位语
9.指代关系
10.逻辑主语、宾语
11.省略句
12.虚拟语气
13.例子常考，看例子说明什么。
14.转折处，重点在转折后。
15.因果句常考，奇速英语注意分清那是因，那是果，不要颠倒。
16.类比比喻常考。
17.集中式列举一般会出题。
阅读核心语法：
1.定语从句。
2.插入语。
3.定语后置
4.并列句。
5.分词现象
二、文章结构分析
提问-回答
新老观点对比型
独句段(极有可能是中心思想所在)
让步叙述型
争论辩论型
一分为二型(二个核心的*行结构)
总分总
三、阅读的黄金三原则
（1）剥洋葱式句法结构分析：
1.判断一句话有几个洋葱(主从句分节)。
1)如果一句话有and或or，并且and前后是句子并列，那么前后独立构成一个洋葱，分开剥皮。
2)看这句话中有没有but或yet，如果有but，yet那么前后独立各自成为一个洋葱。
3)看这句话中有没有特殊的标点符号：分号，冒号，破折号，有的话分开几句话剥皮。
2.对每一个洋葱分开剥皮，必须从第一层皮开始，也就是整个句话的核心主谓宾，以后一次每构成一个语法就构成一层皮。注意时态!
3.将每层意思翻译成中文。
4.用设问的方法将这些句子串联起来，组成复杂句。
（2）得分句、辅助句：
三种关系：
1.当得分句式某一段的第一句话，那么辅助句就是这一段的剩余文字。
2.最后一句话，那么辅助句是倒数第二句话。
3.中间一句话，那么是这句话的前后句。
（3）坐标轴原则：
就是选择与原文意思最接*的意思，如果都不接*就选范围大的那个。
确定零点很重要：中心词。
确定中心词：
1.看题干有没有人名、地名、大小写，时间、数据等。
2.看主语谓语宾语。
3.看其他词汇。
4.找到：好几个。一一对照，确定到底是那句。
5.找不到：顺序原则。计算原则。
6.例外：下面哪项是对的?要从选项里找中心词一一对照，有的是找不到中性词的。
四、阅读的几种题型
1.情感态度题，包括全文和局部
2.中心思想题，包括主旨大意题，最好标题题，目的题，例证题等
3.猜词题
4.事实细节题
5.推理判断题
五、做阅读的具体方法
1.先看题干，明白要问的是什么?确定是何种题型?
2.进入本题型的'解题方法和步骤。
3.再看文章对应的段落，在里面找正确答案。
4.做完一题，再看下一题的题干，在下一段找答案，一般都是一题与一段相互对应。
5.遇到“下面哪项对?下面哪项不对?”这种题目一般都是和段落对应，要不就放到最后做!
6.做完后分析文章的主旨大意，看看自己选择的是不是符合文章的主旨，很多题目都是这样的，包括细节题。
7.做完全部题目结合概率论来检查。基本上是5个*均，有时会有4、6现象，但只会出现二个，不会出现四个!(意思是一般是5A5B5C5D,个别年份是4A6B5C5D这种形式的)
六、阅读命题原则
1.避免考生根据一般常识而不用阅读文章就能得出答案!所以看似是常识的肯定不对!
2.正确选项的长度和结构要有迷惑性，不能明显异于别的选项!
七、正确答案分析
阅读问题的正确答案经常具有下列五大特征之中的一个或几个：
1.特征一---内容：常与文章的主旨有关。
即经常涉及文章的中心思想。有的文章后面几个问题的正确答案都对应文章的主旨，因此，要注意正确表达了原文主旨的选项。
2.特征二---位置：常对应段首、段尾和转折处。
在前面的做题步骤中已经指出段首、段尾和转折处是文章的重点，也是常出题的地方，值得关注。
3.特征三---改写：常对原文进行同义替换、正话反说或反话正说。
同义替换、正话反说或反话正说是阅读三种最常见的答案编写方式，了解它们就等于能从命题角度把握问题。
4.特征四---语气：常含有不肯定语气词和委婉语气词。
有些问题的答案，尤其是推理题的答案中常包含不肯定语气词和委婉语气词，如may等，以显示推理的相对性。
5.特征五---特性：常具有概括性和深刻性。
由于考研阅读考查的对象是文章要点与重点，因此答案通常具有概括性和深刻性，所以选择答案时对于包含过于琐碎细节的选项要警惕。
做阅读问题时，如果能以原文为依据，并结合上述正确答案的五大特征进行思考，结果会比较理想。
八、干扰选项的特点
1.看似合理，其实以偏概全、断章取义。
要么利用在文章中没有提到的生活常识编造选项。
要么把文章中的事实和细节当主旨，把片面的次要的观点当成主要观点。因此我们要从文中找依据，找答案，看似合理的不一定就是正确答案。
在主旨题中，应该排除细节干扰，把握文章主题。
2.偷梁换柱，张冠李戴。
要么对原句中的细微处做了改动，要么截取文章中的词语或类似结构进行编造。要么在备选项中把因说成果，把果说成因，把别人的观点或作者反对的观点说成是作者的观点。因此我们要注意，过于相似的选项不一定正确，除非程度、范围都与原文完全一致。我们要注意：“原文越多，对的可能性越小”!
3.用常规含义代替偏用词义。词意句意题中，通常把要考察的词或句的常规含义作为干扰项。
4.过度引申。要注意选项是不是大大超出了文章允许的范围，切勿过度发挥。
5.最具迷惑性的选项是一半对一半错的!
——高考英语阅读理解优选【10】份
1.观念转变和方法转变(close reading 细读)
高考考察细读、辨别能力。
2.阅读的重要性
3.高考文章类型的分析(来源、内容、体裁)
①来源：一二年级课本、西方报刊杂志
②从内容角度把44篇文章分类：社会科学为主，自然科学为辅，新的趋势是人文科学的文章。
文章的分类：(共44篇)
(1)社会科学 (Social Science)有30篇
包括：政治学、经济学、社会学、传播学、教育学、心理学、历史学、人类学、文化学等
分析：政治学，从89-03没有出过题，因为西方和东方的意识形态存在差异性，避开敏感话题，没有出过;
经济学，每年至少一篇;教育学，隔年出一次;传播学，隔年出一次。
总结：泛读的重点――经济学、教育学、传播学、心理学。
(2)自然科学(Natural Science)有10篇
10篇中，纯而有纯的自然科学很少，只有约4篇。命题集中在科学史方面。
出题的原则：一般性原则，公正性原则。
总结：泛读自然科学的'文章，少读纯自然科学的文章，多读简介科学史的文章。
(3)人文科学，包括：文学、历史、哲学(还剩4篇)
分析：88--99年，11年中从未出过题。
文学评论―未来主义诗歌;
散文―雄心壮志;
散文―我这个人的一段心路历程;
讲幽默，题目有迷惑性。
总结：人文科学出题有抬头趋势。
③从体裁角度把44篇文章分类：议论文、说明文、记叙文、应用文。
多读：议论文、说明文。 (从来没有出现过记叙文，应用文只出过1篇)
④从语言上，以美国英语为主。
突显美国英语与美国文化，应该多了解一些美国的基本概况。最好有一幅美国地图。
4.新大纲中对于阅读理解的总体要求
①阅读速度：(02年开始为4篇x 5题)每篇文章略有增加，但增加不大。要求文章读得更细了，用close reading(细读)的方式击破高考阅读。比较适合的阅读速度为：45-50/分
②八点阅读要求：
(1)能够抓住文章中的主旨大意
(2)理解文章中的具体信息，
(3)理解概念性的含义(concept)，
(4)进行有关的判断、推理和引申的能力(解体思路应尽量适应命题专家)
(5)根据上下文推测生词含义，
(6)理解文章的谋篇结构及段与段、句与句的逻辑关系，
(7)理解作者的意图、观点、态度，
(8)区分论点和论据
③新大纲提出的三点要求：
(1)词语的概念性含义
(2)理解文章的谋篇结构
(3)区分论点和论据
5.新大纲的特点(3个)：
①放慢作题速度(close reading仔细阅读)，阅读速度要求我们读得更细更慢了;
②词的变化(passage变成了text)，重视文章总体结构的把握，这要求从结构的角度来读文章;
③命题范围没有任何变化。
④强调时效性。高考阅读“赶时髦”，与当今形势联系较紧，多看一些时文(经济方面)。
在英语学*中，阅读占有很重要的地位。阅读理解也是高考的必考题型。但是在日常的学*中，有不少同学还没有养成良好的阅读*惯，大大影响了阅读的效率。要想提高阅读水*，首先要养成良好的阅读*惯。
养成默读的*惯
许多同学在阅读的时候都有读出声的*惯。出声阅读的主要弊病就是使自己的阅读速度和效率受到说话速度的限制。因为，正常默读速度几乎要比出声朗读的速度快两倍以上。另外，出声阅读往往以不同的形式表现出来，有时仅仅是无声地动一动嘴唇，有时甚至连嘴唇也不动，只是舌、喉在活动。嘴唇的活动无疑会影响眼睛扫视文章的速度。一个有效率的读者能够只看到印刷符号就直接获得意思，而不经过声音阶段。因此，为了克服这种不良的阅读*惯，就要训练自己养成通过眼睛直接感知文字符号的视读能力。
克服心读的*惯
心读是一种很难观察到的阅读*惯。心读时，人体的任何部位，不论嘴、头或声带都没有动，只存在一种说话的内在形式：阅读者在内心里始终自言自语，清晰地发出并听着每个字音。这种毛病亦是一种很坏的阅读*惯，它直接影响到阅读的速度和效率，并且矫正起来还比较困难。采用强制自己在深入理解文章内容的同时，又强制自己加快阅读速度的方法，一般能逐渐克服这种坏*惯。
克服指读的*惯
指读是指用手指、铅笔或尺子等指着文章的一个个词进行阅读。指读是单纯机械运动，不仅会减慢阅读速度，而且还会把注意力引向错误的方向。一个高效率的阅读者不会注意单词的位置，也不会在每个单词上*均花费时间，而是把注意力集中在作者要阐明的思想内容上。有指读*惯的同学实际上妨碍了眼睛运动并限制了大脑的快速活动能力。因此，必须克服这种不良的阅读*惯，逐渐养成用脑瞬间反映文字信息的能力。
克服复视的*惯
复视指的是读完一个句子或段落后回过头去重复阅读。阅读能力差的同学往往有复视的*惯。改变这种不良*惯的办法是让自己阅读大量难度适宜的读物。在先了解阅读要求的情况下，用眼睛快速扫描答案。这样就不会因遇到生词或不太懂的短语、句子或段落而回过头来再看，以致养成复视的*惯。
克服阅读时头摆动的*惯
有的时候，我们在阅读时头部会下意识地左右摆动，这也是阅读的一种坏*惯。在阅读过程中，有些同学往往尽量使自己的鼻尖对准正在读的每一个字。这样，当他顺着一行字往下读时，他就会轻微地摆动头部，而当他通过头的摆动来阅读下一行时，他就会很快转回去以便使鼻尖再对准阅读文章的左边。这种头部摆动的过程，自己往往意识不到，而正是这种不必要的动作对阅读的速度产生了不良的影响。因此，必须克服这种毛病，养成阅读时只移动视线不摆动头的*惯。
还有其他一些不良的阅读*惯，如阅读时注意力不集中，思想开小差；有的用手或笔比划着，逐行地向下移；有的一面阅读一面玩弄着笔、尺子、钥匙等物，不时地发出响声；有的爱抖动双腿；有的过多地进行语法分析；等等。这些不良*惯直接影响到我们的思路，降低阅读速度，因此应及时纠正。
1.切忌忽视文章的类别。在开始阅读之前，要判断阅读文章的类别，这样才能做到心中有数。
2.切忌边看问题边查找答案。因为用这种方法难以提高阅读理解的效果，尤其是对于深层理解的文章。应首先浏览全文，了解全文的概貌。看完后，应记住文章的'要点，重要的结论以及一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字(不同的人名、地点可用铅笔在试卷上分别打上不同的记号，以便查找)等。
3.切忌乱用解题技巧。不同类型的题目，如事实细节题、词语猜义题、主旨大意题、推理判断题等，都有各自的解题技巧，不能乱用。
4.切忌打乱解题节奏。在考试时一定要掌握好解题速度，有效地控制考试时间，先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法。碰到难题时，千万不要钻牛角尖，耽误太多时问。一时做不出的题，要果断舍弃，以免影响解别的较有把握的题。待全部题解完后，如有剩余时间再回头做放弃的题。
5.切忌每词都不放过。对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词，可以放过去，不必务求理解。遇到重要生词时，不要着急，也不要轻易放弃，可以采取根据上下文来猜词或根据构词法猜词等方法来猜出这个词的大致意思。
6.切忌凭空猜测推断。应是立足已知推断未知。
7.切忌主观臆断。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法。
O. Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank, when some money went missing from the bank O. Henry was believed to have stolen it. Because of that, he was sent to prison. During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the reader’s surprise.
1. In which order did O. Henry do the following things?
a. Lived in New York. b. Worked in a bank. c. Travelled to Texas.
d. Was put in prison. e. Had a newspaper Job. f. Learned to write stories.
A. e. c. f. b. d. a B. c. e. b. d. f. a C. e. b. d. c. a. f. D. c. b. e. d. a f.
2. People enjoyed reading O. Henry’s stories because
A. they had surprise endings B. they were easy to understand
C. they showed his love for the poor D. they were about New York City
3. O. Henry went to prison because .
A. people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper
B. he broke the law by not using his own name
C. he wanted to write stories about prisoners
D. people thought he had taken money that was not his
4. What do we know about O. Henry before he began writing?
A. He was well-educated. B. He was not serious about his work.
C. He was devoted to the poor. D. He was very good at learning.
5. Where did O. Henry get most material for his short stories?
A. His life inside the prison. B. The newspaper articles he wrote.
C. The city and people of New York. D. His exciting early life as a boy.
2、(1分)
One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine. He is a teacher at one of London’s big medical schools, He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture.
He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton (人体骨骼) to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase (箱子). At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper. He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop.
When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake. He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.
1. Who wrote the story?
A. Rupert’s teacher. B. The neighbour’s teacher.
C. A medical school teacher. D. The teacher’s neighbour.
2. Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase?
A. He needed it for the summer term in London.
B. He needed it for the lecture he was going to give.
C. He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research.
D. He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.
3. What happened at the airport?
A. The skeleton went missing . B. The skeleton was stolen .
C. The teacher forgot his suitcase. D. The teacher took the wrong suitcase .
4. Which of the following best tells the teacher’s feeling about the incident?
A. He is very angry . B. He thinks it rather funny .
C. He feels helpless without Rupert. D. He feels good without Rupert .
5. Which of the following might have happened afterwards?
A. The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert.
B. The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert.
C. The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase.
D. The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert.
3、(1分)
On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered the beautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi’an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel ball before though they lived in “the kingdom of bicycles.”
Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi’an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India.
When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years , he was on the Silk Road in Xi’an and his early dreams were coming true.
Robert Friedlander’s next destinations (目的地) were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.
1. The best headline(标题) for this newspaper article would be .
A. The Kingdom of Bicycles B. A Beautiful Hotel in Xi’an
C. Marco Polo and the Silk Road D. An American Achieving His Aims
2. The hotel workers told the manager about Friedlander coming to the hotel because .
A. he asked to see the manager
B. he entered the hall with a bike
C. the manager had to know about all foreign guests
D. the manager knew about his trip and was expecting him
3. Friedlander is visiting the three countries in the following order, .
A. China, India, and Pakistan B. India, China, and Pakistan
C. Pakistan, China, and India D. China, Pakistan, and India
4. What made Friedlander want to come to China?
A. The stories about Marco Polo . B. The famous sights in Xi’an .
C. His interest in Chinese silk. D. His childhood dreams about bicycles .
5. Friedlander can be said to be .
A. clever B. friendly C. hardworking D. strong—minded
4、(1分)
Mr. Grey was the manager of a small office in London. He lived in the country, and came up to work by train. He liked walking from the station to his office unless it was raining, because it gave him some exercise.
One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him and said to him, “You may not remember me, sir, but seven years ago I came to London without a penny in my pockets, I stopped you in this street and asked you to lend me some money, and you lent me £ 5, because you said you were willing to take a chance so as to give a man a start on the way to success.”
Mr Grey thought for a few minutes and then said, “Yes, I remember you. Go on with your story!” “Well,” answered the stranger, “are you still willing to take a chance?”
1. How did Mr. Grey get to his office?
A. He went up to work by train.
B. He walked to his office.
C. He went to his office on foot unless it rained.
D. He usually took a train to the station and then walked to his office if the weather was fine.
2. Mr Grey liked walking to his office because ________.
A. he couldn’t afford the buses B. he wanted to save money
C. he wanted to keep in good health D. he could do some exercises on the way
3. Mr. Grey had been willing to lend money to a stranger in order to_______
A. give him a start in life B. help him on the way to success
C. make him rich D. gain more money
4. One morning the stranger recognized Mr. Grey, and_______
A. wanted to return Mr. Grey the money
B. again asked Mr. Grey for money
C. would like to make friends with him
D. told Mr. Grey that he had been successful since then
5. In the second paragraph, “…take a chance” means ______.
A. Mr. Gray happened to meet a stranger
B. Mr. Grey had a chance to help a stranger
C. Mr. Grey helped a stranger by chance
D. Mr. Grey took the risk that the stranger would not give back the money which he lent him
5、(1分)
Even if you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground. You cannot jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard. The pull of the earth is called gravity.
You can easily find out the pull of the earth. If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you.
Since there is gravity, water runs down hill. When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down. Because of gravity, you do not fall off the earth as it whirls (旋转) around.
Then, can we get away from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented. Then spaceship will go so fast that it can escape (逃出) the earth’s gravity and carry you into space.
1. In this passage, the word “gravity” means.
A. the pull of everything.
B. the force of attraction(吸引) among objects.
C. the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth
D. the force which attracts the earth towards the sun.
2. When you slip(滑) you always fall to the ground because
A. the earth always turns round. B. the earth has gravity
C. the earth’s gravity is greater than your weight. D. you are careless.
3. Gravity is strong that
A. it can throw a ball into the air. B. it makes you jump only seven feet.
C. it can let you fly away from the earth. D. it can keep everything on earth.
4. Because of gravity,
A. water flows everything. B. we can go everywhere by ship.
C. water always flows downwards. D. fish can live in water.
5. We can get away from the earth by spaceship because
A. the spaceship goes very fast. B. the earth can’t pull the spaceship.
C. the spaceship has a strong force. D. the spaceship can jump higher than other things.
文章体裁辨析能力
英语中，由于不同文体的英语文章有不同的写作方法。如果考生具备了识别英文文体的.能力，能根据文体特征迅速抓住文章的要点，就会大大缩短阅读时间，提高理解效率。
文章结构辨析能力
英语文章有一个共同的特点，一般说来，首先确定文章的主题句，即文章的中心，然后，后面的内容都是围绕这一中心来展开论述的。中心句一般位于文章最前面，也有的位于文章末尾，还有的位于文章的中间。有了文章结构的辨析能力，考生就能快速对文章进行全面、系统的掌握。从而根据试题的不同内容或要求在不同的部位准确找到答案的依据。
归纳总结能力
虽然绝大多数英语文章有中心句，但也还有些文章根本没有中心句。如有些描述性的记叙就要求考生根据文章内容来归纳、总结出中心句。目前高考中的英语试题总有 3～4 题考查考生对文章中心的理解，这就要求考生一定要具有对文章的归纳、总结能力。
生词猜测能力
掌握一定量的词汇是进行阅读的前提，但运用各种英语知识猜测生词的能力是考查考生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。倘若单词都不认识，也就无法阅读下去。然而，并不是说，一定要把所有的单词都认识才能进行阅读。事实上，阅读当中出现一些生词，是一件非常正常的事情。不仅英语阅读如此，就连本族语也是这样。正因为如此，有些语言专家把阅读戏称为猜词游戏。因此，考生在英语阅读理解过程中碰到不认识的单词时，要根据各种知识大胆地猜测生词的意义，培养猜测生词意义的能力。
长句分析能力
句子长而复杂是现代英语的一个显着特点，特别在现代科技英语中更是这样。作者为了把叙述说得准确、逻辑严密，往往是一个主句接一个或几个状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、并列句，中间还来几个非谓语动词短语或插入语。这样不但使句子长，而且句子结构支离破碎，令读者不知从何处下手。因此，为了夺得高考英语阅读理解的高分，考生必须具备长句分析能力。
综合推断能力
*年来，英语阅读理解中的推理判断题逐年增多，单从文章的字面找不出答案，而要根据文章中的某些词、短语或句子来推断出它内在的深层意义，或将几个事实综合起来对文章进行深层理解。因此，考生必须在*时的训练中提高综合推断能力。
陷阱识别能力
在英语阅读理解题所给选项中，常出现部分真实的情况，但往往以偏概全、过于笼统，增添枝叶，让选项中的确含有原文中的事实、细节，或原文中已有的情况，却并不与原文事实完全一致，故意扰乱考生的视觉，让考生信以为真，这就是英语阅读理解中的陷阱。因此，考生要具有对陷阱的识别能力，才能绕过陷阱，从而作出正确的选择。
阅读理解一直是考研英语的重中之重，但同时也是考生的重灾区，阅读理解由于其分值高、题量大，成为了考研英语能否致胜的关键所在，但同时又因为其难度大，也为考生制作了不小的麻烦。阅读理解能否拿高分，直接关系到考生的英语成绩是否能够达到一个理想的分值，因此大家在复*过程中，一定要掌握好阅读理解的做题方法。
理解主旨要义
做阅读理解最重要的就是要理解文章的主旨要义，通常来讲，英语文章中的主旨句会出现在第一段以及每段的首句，考生在阅读文章的过程中一定要着重理解这些重点部位。
理解文中的具体信息
找到主旨句之后，就要在阅读过程中多加留意，找出文章中的具体信息。大家在阅读时要注意两点，首先要先看问题在阅读，带着问题看文章;其次要注意把关键词圈出来，这样能有效帮助你理解文中的有用信息。
理解文中的概念性含义
阅读理解的文章中往往隐藏这一些概念性的含义，其中不仅包括对于名词的解释，还包括人物的介绍以及大背景的介绍。一般来说，阅读理解的问题通常不会简单地询问字面上的意思，但答案往往是在这些概念性的阐述中推理出来的。
进行有关的判断、推理和引申
由于阅读理解的答案不会摆在桌面上任你采撷，需要你通过推理获得，所以考生在阅读过程中要进行有关的`判断、推理和引申。推理的依据通常包括三种，时间、地点、人物，大家可以通过文章中这三点的变换获得有用信息。
根据上下文推测生词的词义
生词也是阅读理解中让人头疼的事情，我们可以把不认识的词汇分为两种，面熟的和面生的。对于面熟的词汇，那么你就把你认识的那一部分标记出来，如果这个词语不是超纲词汇的话，那么这个单词很可能是你所认识的那一部分的词的引申词汇，意义也可以由此推理一下。对于面生的词汇，就只能通过练*上下文猜测和揣度了，这就需要你多读上下文，通过理解段落的含义，推敲出词汇的大致意思。
文章体裁辨析能力
英语中，由于不同文体的英语文章有不同的写作方法。如果考生具备了识别英文文体的能力，能根据文体特征迅速抓住文章的要点，就会大大缩短阅读时间，提高理解效率。
文章结构辨析能力
英语文章有一个共同的特点，一般说来，首先确定文章的主题句，即文章的中心，然后，后面的内容都是围绕这一中心来展开论述的。中心句一般位于文章最前面，也有的位于文章末尾，还有的位于文章的中间。有了文章结构的辨析能力，考生就能快速对文章进行全面、系统的掌握。从而根据试题的不同内容或要求在不同的部位准确找到答案的依据。
归纳总结能力
虽然绝大多数英语文章有中心句，但也还有些文章根本没有中心句。如有些描述性的记叙就要求考生根据文章内容来归纳、总结出中心句。目前高考中的英语试题总有 3～4 题考查考生对文章中心的理解，这就要求考生一定要具有对文章的归纳、总结能力。
生词猜测能力
掌握一定量的词汇是进行阅读的前提，但运用各种英语知识猜测生词的能力是考查考生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面。倘若单词都不认识，也就无法阅读下去。然而，并不是说，一定要把所有的单词都认识才能进行阅读。事实上，阅读当中出现一些生词，是一件非常正常的事情。不仅英语阅读如此，就连本族语也是这样。正因为如此，有些语言专家把阅读戏称为猜词游戏。因此，考生在英语阅读理解过程中碰到不认识的单词时，要根据各种知识大胆地猜测生词的意义，培养猜测生词意义的能力。
长句分析能力
句子长而复杂是现代英语的一个显着特点，特别在现代科技英语中更是这样。作者为了把叙述说得准确、逻辑严密，往往是一个主句接一个或几个状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、并列句，中间还来几个非谓语动词短语或插入语。这样不但使句子长，而且句子结构支离破碎，令读者不知从何处下手。因此，为了夺得高考英语阅读理解的高分，考生必须具备长句分析能力。
综合推断能力
*年来，英语阅读理解中的推理判断题逐年增多，单从文章的字面找不出答案，而要根据文章中的某些词、短语或句子来推断出它内在的深层意义，或将几个事实综合起来对文章进行深层理解。因此，考生必须在*时的训练中提高综合推断能力。
陷阱识别能力
在英语阅读理解题所给选项中，常出现部分真实的'情况，但往往以偏概全、过于笼统，增添枝叶，让选项中的确含有原文中的事实、细节，或原文中已有的情况，却并不与原文事实完全一致，故意扰乱考生的视觉，让考生信以为真，这就是英语阅读理解中的陷阱。因此，考生要具有对陷阱的识别能力，才能绕过陷阱，从而作出正确的选择。
(1)略读法：关键是在能抓住文章要点的前提下以个人最快的速度阅读，获得足够的信息以便准确地回答有关文章主旨和大意的问题。要特别注意文章首尾两段，第一段往往点明文章主题或作者意图，而最后一段则常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，因为把每段主题句的意思综合起来实际上就是全文的中心思想，文章的主题句也可能出现在段落中间或结尾。
(2)查阅法：考生可以不需要阅读整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以阅读就行。查阅法主要用于获得具体的信息，即谁、什么、什么时间、什么地点、什么原因以及如何发生等有关或者具体的数字。
(3)同义互释法：在高考中有些深层理解或者判断推理的问题可以采用同义互释法。
(4)判断推理法：有时4个题项中不止一个可以作为答案项，这时就应该意识到该题是一个判断推理题。要根据文章的主旨和作者的意图，选择比较，去伪存真，选出切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。
高考阅读理解主要从两个层面检测学生的语言能力：一是阅读中准确获取信息的能力；二是推断隐含意义的能力。*几年的高考阅读有以下四个特点：
一、选材贴*生活，贴*时代。渗透文化意识，强调实际应用；注重体裁、题材多样化、交际化和生活化。
二、生词率略有下降，但难句增多。命题者着重考查学生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇等理解生词的能力。
三、信息量加大，对阅读速度的要求提高。在增加语段信息量的同时，设项的表达信息量也有增加。
四、语篇意识加强，设题手法灵活，提问深入。这不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求理解文章的内在含义，如段落或文章的主旨、作者的意图等。
五、命题上既注重细节的理解，也重视整体的理解；既重视从语言学角度考查学生的语言知识和语言技能，又重视从心理学的角度考查学生的学*策略。
鉴于此，解答阅读理解题的总体策略应定位于：单句入手，语篇突破，着眼整体，归纳推断。具体的做法是：
第一，准确理解关键句子、关键词语的意义。善于解读难句、猜测生词的词义和语义，注意跨文化语言障碍，避免因粗心大意或理解不准确造成曲解或误解。
第二，抓住语句表达的实质。即不仅能看懂词、句的表面意思，而且能够扑捉到文字背后的引申意义以及作者的态度和倾向，即潜在的深层含义。
第三，要耐心细致地读完全部选项，应按照“误否？虚否？偏否？”的三级思考程序来分析鉴别每一个选项，即先看与文中内容是否相矛盾，再看在文中有没有信息支撑点，最后看能不能完全符合题目的要求，找出差异，然后根据问题的特点和题型确定选项。不要急于求成，使选出的答案似是而非。
第四，要仔细审题。学生由于把主要精力都放在选择正确答案上，因此一旦找到了叙述与短文事实相符的选项，就盲目地选它为答案，忽视了题目到底问什么，从而使所选答案答非所问。
第五，要以语篇事实为依据，理解通篇的逻辑关系，把握住语篇的结构与文脉，在事实的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推理，避免盲目的或无根据的主观臆断。
第六，快速阅读，整体理解。
把握短文实质。
*时要养成良好的阅读*惯，克服逐字停顿、回读等坏*惯。阅读时要有紧迫感，集中注意力，力求一个意群一停顿，甚至一行一停顿。还要有强烈的语篇意识，着重整体理解，要在十分有限的时间内抓住短文要点、搜寻关键词、确定主题句，还要记忆有关细节、理清短文脉络。(作者：北京市英语特级教师周国彪)
1.切忌忽视文章的类别。在开始阅读之前，要判断阅读文章的类别，这样才能做到心中有数。
2.切忌边看问题边查找答案。因为用这种方法难以提高阅读理解的效果，尤其是对于深层理解的文章。应首先浏览全文，了解全文的概貌。看完后，应记住文章的要点，重要的结论以及一些关键性的人名、地点、定义和数字(不同的人名、地点可用铅笔在试卷上分别打上不同的记号，以便查找)等。
3.切忌乱用解题技巧。不同类型的.题目，如事实细节题、词语猜义题、主旨大意题、推理判断题等，都有各自的解题技巧，不能乱用。
4.切忌打乱解题节奏。在考试时一定要掌握好解题速度，有效地控制考试时间，先易后难是考试时答题的一般方法。碰到难题时，千万不要钻牛角尖，耽误太多时问。一时做不出的题，要果断舍弃，以免影响解别的较有把握的题。待全部题解完后，如有剩余时间再回头做放弃的题。
5.切忌每词都不放过。对于一般不影响句子或全文理解的生词，可以放过去，不必务求理解。遇到重要生词时，不要着急，也不要轻易放弃，可以采取根据上下文来猜词或根据构词法猜词等方法来猜出这个词的大致意思。
6.切忌凭空猜测推断。应是立足已知推断未知。
7.切忌主观臆断。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法。
——中考英语阅读理解汇总10篇
1.先读题时只能是读其问题或题干，而不能读问题后的选项，否则不仅浪费时间，而且也无法记住众多答案所表达的众多信息。
2.在读了题之后，要把这些问题记在心里，并带着这些问题去阅读短文，关于这一点考生是要经过反复的训练才能形成能力的，因为短文后的这些问题本身所表达的信息并不象短文那样有情节，也不象短文那样连贯，所以有不少同学在开始试用这种方法时，往往先读了题之后(尤其是当问题较多时)再读短文时，又忘记是什么问题了。
3.带着问题读短文时，对短文中出现的那些与问题有关的词句，你可以用一支铅笔在短文中作些记号，以便为下一步选择作好准备，但也要注意不要每读到一个与问题有关的信息点就停下来去对照后面的问题，因为这样转来转去要耽误一些时间，另一方面有些问题往往要通过对短文的全面了解才能作出结论，而不能仅仅从一、二个信息点作出判断。
4.带着问题读完短文之后，接着便是选择理解题的答案。虽然你是带着问题去阅读短文的，但也并不是说你在阅读时带去的问题全部得到了答案，也可能有些还没有把握(尤其是一些主观理解题)，这时你同样要带着这些“疑题”去跳读短文。
中考英语的阅读理解部分有3篇文章，共15个选择题。阅读最重要的是积累，没有一蹴而就的办法。*时要多阅读、多听，久而久之就能找到语感，也就是有些同学说的有感觉。
在这里介绍一个扩大词汇量的简便方法，那就是看到长得像但不认识的单词就去，说不定它就是你所认识的某个单词的亲戚，或者是形容词、名词、副词等形式，这样一来你等于又多认识了几个单词。
很多时候，做阅读理解题需要从文章里找答案。这并不是要求考生去逐字逐句阅读，而相反是快速通读全文大概了解文章意思后，仔细阅读每个题目，遇到试题内容与原文内容相*的，就立即找到原文对应的位置仔细阅读。
做题按先易后难顺序
根据往年中考的规律，阅读理解的3篇文章，一般是第一篇和第三篇较容易，第二篇较难，尤其是第二篇的最后两道选择题，往往需要考生去揣测文章作者的意思。
因此，建议考生按照先易后难的原则，先把第一篇和第三篇做完之后再去做第二篇，这样可以避免在难题上纠结而浪费过多时间，也可以树立一定的信心。
根据我多年的经验，完形填空和看图填词里一般均有2~4题是考察固定短语搭配，比如动宾、动补搭配等。这些固定短语搭配需要学生经常温*和巩固。
阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)所谓阅读能力是指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。
阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。下面，我们来看看中考阅读理解的题型。
中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗*惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在*时对各方面的知识都有所积累，迎合中考命题趋势。
阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的`寓意等。
从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型：
(一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
(二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
(三)推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
(四)概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内含的信息。
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 许纪霖教授晒法国高考题叹中国只能盛产应试者美国研究生推荐信中的高频词汇小结美国留学：GRE新题型更注重语言运用能力澳洲留学：堪京学生数字技术能力全澳最优印度教育部将加强学生英语说听能力雅思作文秘籍满分作文方法四则雅思写作预测：大作文开头部分的模板雅思写作高分模板：满分作文最新法则四条20xx雅思写作机经雅思讨论文基本写作原理解析:留学须具备五种能力 中考英语语法:20xx中考英语必看内容-阅读理解
最后，我们来谈谈解决的办法。
为了提高阅读理解能力，大家在做阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下功夫：
(一)要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。
(二)要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。20xx年上海英语中考阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的*惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动――停顿――移动着。理解是在眼停的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。
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(三)阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。
(四)读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持词不离句，句不离篇，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。
如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物，事件，时间，地点，原因(即五个W，who，what，when，where，why)划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。
Is there an important exam right around the comer? You might be starting tofear, thinking that there' s no way for you to get a good grade because of thelittle time left to study. This is something all students may worry about. Butyou should accept the fact that you have to take the
exam no matter how much you want to avoid it.
Thankfully, there are several ways to help you get at least a passinggrade. You may have a try.
Get yourself together.
This might sound like silly advice, but it's actually the most important.When you fear, you may lose control over your thoughts and actions Even if youtry to study, perhaps you won’t get anything in your head.
Enjoy enough sleep.
It's unbelievable many students have little sleep each night. That’s notsomething to be proud of, especially if you're sleeping so little and stillfailing to do all the things Sleep isn't for the weak, but for the wise. Yourbrain needs enough rest. After a good night's sleep, you'll perform much betterin the morning.
Don’t fear.
Once the test paper is in front of you don't be afraid. Take a deep breathand start the exam with confidence(信心). Just like when you were reviewing, putaway the problems you’re having difficulty in and come back to them later. Ifyou have time left, go over everything to make sure you haven’t made anycareless mistakes.
41. In the writers opinion, whenever there's an importantexam,___________.
A. students might experience a period of fear
B. students will have little time to worry
C. students should try everything possible to avoid it
D. students have to ask teachers for more help
42. The writer describes "get yourself together" as silly advicebecause___________.
A. it won't influence your thoughts
B. it is one of the common senses
C. it is not the most important suggestion
D. it won’t help you get anything in your head
43. Enough sleep before an important exam is____________.
A. the pride of the weak
B. not something to be proud of
C. not necessary for the wise
D. a way to avoid failing in exams
44. When you meet with difficult problems in the exam, youcan__________.
A. give them up and take a deep breath
B. think hard and review them once again
C. put them away first and come back later
D. just trust yourself and look through the paper
45. According to the passage, you may get at least the passing grade if____________.
A. you fear nothing
B. you follow the writer's advice
C. the problems are not difficult
D. the preparation time lasts longer
读者与作者
Some children think writers are great and they can tell people a lot. So they also wish to be writers some day. They mean that they want to write stories or books which many persons will read. I would like to remind[1] them that they will need to be good readers and to read a lot in order to[2] be good writers.
Nearly all great writers read too long before they started to school, and read for hours and hours every day since they became good readers. Instead of watching TV in the evening, they spend much of their spare[3] time reading books.
If you are a good reader, it won’t take you long to do the reading homework your teacher asks you to do. Then you will have time to read other books for fun. Because you read so well, you keep looking for more books to read.
While making up your mind[4] to become a good writer, you had better say to yourself,“I must read more and more if I am really to become a good writer."
Notes: [1]remind/rI`maInd/v. 提醒 [2]in order to 为了 [3]spare /spe/adj. 多余的 [4]make up one’s mind 下决心
1.Some of the children like the g writers.
2.The writer told the children to read m before they hope to be writers.
3.A lot of writers l a lot from other writers' books and stories.
4.For a student, he or she should do the reading homework well f .
5.Doing much good reading can h you to be a good writer.
答案解析：
1.great
2.more
3.learned
4.first
5.help
Jack laughed, "But, mother, you haven't got a telephone. ""No. "she answered, "I haven't, but you have got one. "
1. The old Black ______.
A. is dead B. lives with his wife
C. went to a small village D. worked in a shop
2. Jack lived with his mother______he worked in the village.
A. before B. when C. after D. so
3. Greensea is _________.
A. a big city B. a small village C. a town D. a man's name
4. Jack didn't phone his mother because ______.
A. he had no phone B. he was very busy
C. his mother had no phone D. he went home every day
5. Jack's mother was very angry because ______.
A. Jack didn't want to ring her up
B. Jack had a telephone but she hadn't
C. she didn't know how to make a telephone
D. she didn't know she couldn't be called
Bob and Jim once worked in the same factory. One day, Bob lent Jim ten dollars, but then Jim left his work and went to work in another town without paying back the money.
Bob didn't see Jim for a year, and then he knew from another friend that Jim was in another town and staying at a hotel. So he went there to see him late in the evening.
When he got to Jim's room, he saw his shoes near the door. "Well, he must be in," he thought, and knocked again, and said, "I know you are in, Jim. Your shoes are out here."
"I've gone out in my boots," answered Jim.
True or False
1. Bob and Jim once worked in different factories.
2. One day Jim borrowed ten dollars from Bob.
3. Jim paid back the money to Bob and went to work in another town later.
4. Bob hadn't seen Jim for a year when he learned that Jim was in another town.
Key: 1-4 F T F T
中考英语阅读理解(二)
I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morning. He is almost sick when my mother calls, "Herbert! It's seven o'clock! Get up!"
Herbert answers, "I'm coming!" and goes right back to sleep. I'm not at all like my brother. I don't like to go to bed at night but I don't mind getting up in the morning. I usually wake up before my mother calls me. I jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a shower. I get dressed, brush my teeth, comb my hair, and get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls.
But not Herbert. He just sleeps. A military band (军乐队) in our bedroom could not wake him up. I call him and say, "Get up! Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you don't get up immediately!"
But he just sleeps. After calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed. It's that way every day with my little brother. Perhaps some day he'll learn to get up on time, but I really don't think so.
True or False
1. The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school.
2. I'm not like my brother because I like to go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning.
3. I usually jump out of bed and go into the bathroom for a shower before my mother calls.
4. When mother calls, Herbert doesn't answer and remains in bed.
5. My mother often has to go upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up.
6. Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up.
7. The writer thinks some day Herbert will learn to get up on time.
Key: 1-7. F T T F T F F
中考英语阅读理解(三)
In England, people often talk about the weather because they can experience (经历) four seasons in one day. In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring. An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard. The weather gets a little cold. In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny, the sun will begin to shine, and it will be summer at this time of a day.
In England, people can also have summer in winter, or have winter in summer. So in winter they can swim sometimes, and in summer sometimes they should take warm clothes.
When you go to England, you will see that some English people usually take an umbrella (伞)or a raincoat with them in the sunny morning, but you should not laugh at them.
If you don't take an umbrella or a raincoat, you will regret (后悔) later in the day.
1. Why do people in England often talk about the weather?
A. Because they may have four seasons in one day
B. Because they often have very good weather
C. Because the weather is warm just like in spring
D. Because the sky is sunny all day
2. From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.
A. sunshine and snow B. black clouds
C. summer and winter D. spring and autumn
3. "People can also have summer in winter." Means "it is sometimes too ______in winter."
A. warm B. cool C. cold D. rainy
4. In the sunny morning some English people usually take a raincoat or an umbrella with them because ________.
A. their friends ask them to do so B. it often rains in England
C. they are going to sell them D. they are their favourite things
5. The best title (标题)for this passage is ________.
A. Bad Seasons B. Summer or Winter
C. The Weather in England D. Strange English People
KEY: ABABC
中考英语阅读理解训练试题1：爸爸做数学题得个A
Mr Brown was born in a poor family.He couldn't go to school when he was young.Now he's a porter[1] and works at a station.He doesn't think it's necessary[2] to know some knowledge[3] of science.His son,Bill,began to go to school last year.The boy likes nothing except playing.He doesn't listen to the teachers in class and can't do his homework after class.It's the hardest thing for him to do maths exercises.And he wants to drop it.
Last evening Mrs Brown heard Bill crying in the next room while she and her husband were watching TV.She came up to him and asked,"What's the matter,Bill?"
"I can't do my maths homework,"said the boy."I won't go to school tomorrow!
"No,no,don't do that!"said the woman."Maybe your father can help you."
Then she asked her husband to help their son with his maths.Mr Brown said,"But I don't know maths,either."
"It doesn't matter,"said his wife."You'll only coax him out of crying."
Mr Brown had to do as his wife said.The next afternoon Bill came back and showed his exercise?book to his father.The man had a look at it and shouted to his wife,"Come here quickly,dear!I got an A in maths!"
Notes:[1]porter /`pt/n.搬运工 [2]necessary/`nesIsrI/adj.必要的 [3]knowledge/`nlId/n.知识
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1.Which of the following is true?
A.Mr Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.
B.Mr Brown's parents were too poor to send him to school.
C.Mr Brown wasn't interested in science when he was young.
D.There was no school in Mr Brown's hometown.
2.Bill can't do his homework because .
A.his father wouldn't help him
B.he doesn't listen to his teachers
C.he doesn't like studying D.he wants to drop maths
3.Bill cried to .
A.get his parents' help B.go to bed earlier
C.get something to eat D.watch TV with his parents
4.The phrase "coax sb. out of crying" in the story means .
A.制止某人哭泣 B.惹得某人哭泣
C.阻止某人叫喊 D.哄某人停止哭泣
5._________is good at maths in their family.
A.Bill B.Mr Brown C.Mrs Brown D.None
6.When he had a look at Bill's exercise-book,Mr Brown was .
A.sorry B.happy C.worried D.sad
参考答案：1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B
中考英语阅读理解训练试题2：一次历史小测验
There would be a history exam and Phillip looked more and more worried. He hasn't thought the subject important since they began to study it this term. In class he always thought of the football matches between Class Three and Class Two and tried to find out a way to beat Class Two. Of course he didn't hear what Mr. Beckman said. His friend Sally could help him with his homework and hint[1] how he answered Mr. Beckman. But bad luck! The girl was ill in hospital and nobody would help him next Monday!
Phillip thought hard and at last he found a way. He copied all the main points[2] on his wristbands[3] and then went to play football with his friends. It was Sunday yesterday. Even he didn't open his students' book! He was sure he would pass the exam and went on playing football and watching TV.
But this morning, when the boy was going to dress himself, he couldn't find his shirt. He jumped off the bed and began to look for it everywhere, but he failed. His mother brought his breakfast in and found his bedroom was in a fearful mess[4]. She asked in surprise, "What's the matter, son?"
"I can't find my shirt!"
"You wore it for a week and I washed it when you fell asleep last night."
"Who let you wash it?" Phillip shouted angrily.
Notes:[1]hint/hInt/v. 暗示 [2]point/pInt/n.点 main point 要点 [3]wristband/`rIstbnd/n. 衬衣袖口 [4]in a fearful mess 零乱不堪
1.Phillip is in Class T .
2.Phillip has learned n in history class.
3.Mr Beckman is Phillip's history t .
4.Phillip was afraid he would f the history exam.
5.Phillip l playing football very much.
6.Usually Sally helped Phillip to p the history exams before.
7.Phillip thought everything was r and didn't review history.
8.Phillip's mother washed his shirt when the boy went to s .
9.The woman thought Phillip's shirt d and washed it.
10.Having heard his mother, Phillip was a with her.
参考答案：
1.Three 2.nothing 3.teacher 4.fail 5.likes
6.pass 7.ready 8.sleep 9.dirty 10.angry
中考英语阅读理解训练试题3：一场空难
When a light passenger plane flew off course[1] some time ago, something was wrong with it and it crashed[2] in the mountains and its pilot[3] was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters,were unhurt. It was the middle of winter.Snow lay thick on the ground.The woman knew that the nearest village was kilometres away.She couldn't find anything in the snow but a suit-case[4]. When it grew dark, she turned the suit-case into a bed and put the children inside it, covering[5] them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes flying above and wanted to know how she could send a signal[6]. Then she had an idea. She wrote the letters 'SOS' in the snow. Luckily, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a group of people arrived and they took the woman and her daughters to hospital at once.
Notes:[1]course/ks/n.跑道 [2]crash/kr/v.坠毁 [3]pilot/`paIlt/n.飞行员 [4]suit-case/`sju：tkeIs/n.行李箱 [5]cover/`kv/ v. 盖 [6]signal/`sIgnl/n.信号
1.Where was something wrong with the plane?
2.How many people were in the light passenger plane before it crashed?
3.What did the woman make the suit-case into a bed for?
4.What did the plane fly over the mountain for?
5.Why did the woman write "SOS" on the snow?
6.What did the group of people go to the mountains for?
参考答案：
1.It was above the mountains.
2.There were four people in it.
3.She did it to put her daughters in it.
4.It flew there to look for them.
5.She wrote the letters to ask for help.
6.They went there to save them.
中考英语阅读理解训练试题4：富兰克林的故事
Many years ago, there was a family named Franklin. They lived in Boston. There were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706 another baby was born. The boy's mother and her husband gave the boy a name-Benjamin[1].
Benjamin was the cleverest of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven. The next year his parents sent[2] him to school.
In school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at maths. He read all of his father's books. And when he had money, he always went to buy books. He liked books. Theytold him how to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to find ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there was some way to swim farther, maybe with something on his hands or feet. Slowly a picture of swimming shoes, or paddles[3], grew in his mind[4]. The paddles must be neither too big nor too small. And they must be neither too heavy nor light. At last he invented the paddle for swimming.
Notes:[1]Benjamin/`bendmIn/n. 本杰明(男子名) Benjamin Franklin 本杰明o富兰克林(1706-1790)美国杰出的科学家和政治家 [2]send/send/v.送 [3]paddle/`pdl/n.浆形工具 [4]mind/maInd/n. 头脑
1.How many children did Mr. Franklin have?
2.Why was it said Benjamin was clever?
3.When did Benjamin begin to go to school?
4.Why did Benjamin like books?
5.What did Benjamin invent the paddles for?
参考答案：
1.He had twelve children.
2.Because he could read and write when he was very young.
3.He began to go to school when he was eight.
4.Because he could learn a lot from the books.
5.He invented them to help people swim farther.
中考英语阅读理解训练试题：三种颜色的`火车票
Summer holiday began and Richard left California and went traveling in Africa[1]. He lost his wallet in a hotel and he had a little money left. He had to go to a city where one of his friends worked. There he was going to borrow some money so that he could fly back to his country. He got on a bus and the conductor held out to him a yellow ticket. "You had better buy a yellow ticket," said the conductor. "It's ten dollars. I have two other kinds. The red one is five dollars and the green one is three dollars."
It took them two days to get to the city. The passengers had to stay for a night when they were halfway[2]. Richard had to pay[3] five dollars for the hotel and food. He thought for a while and then said, "Green, please."
The bus started. Now it was getting dark[4] and the bus began to go up a hill. It was very steep[5] and soon the bus stopped as usual.
"Yellow ticket passengers," the driver shouted, "Stay in the bus, please. Red ticket passengers, get out and walk. Green ticket passengers, get out, close the door and push the bus!"
Notes:[1]Africa/`frIk/n. 非洲 [2]halfway/`ha:f`weI/ adv. 半路 [3]pay/peI/ v.付(款) [4]dark/da:k/ adj. 黑暗的 [5]steep/sti:p/ adj.陡峭的
1.Where did Richard come from?
2.How much did Richard have after he lost his wallet?
3.What did Richard go to the city for?
4. How was Richard going back to his country?
5.Why did Richard buy the green ticket?
6.What did Richard have to do when the bus went up the hill?
参考答案：
1.He came from America / California.
2.He had 8 dollars left.
3.He went there to borrow some money from his friend.
4.He was going back by plane.
5.Because he wanted to save some money for the hotel and food.
6.He had to get off the bus and push it when it went up the hill.
中考英语阅读理解训练试题5：澳大利亚简介
Australia is one of the greatest islands in the world.It is a little smaller than China.It is in the south of the earth.So when there is hot summer in our country,it is cold winter in Australia.
Australia is big,but the population[1] has small.The population of Australia is the same as that of Shanghai,a city in China.
Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos[2].After a short drive from any town,you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep,sheep,sheep,everywhere are sheep.Have you seen a kangaroo?It has a "bag" in its body.The mother kangaroo keeps its baby kangaroo in the "bag".It is very interesting,isn't it?
Notes:[1]population /、ppjuleIn/n.人口 [2]kangaros /、kg`ru:/n.袋鼠
根据短文内容判断正(√)、误(×)。
1.China is larger than Australia.
2.Australia is an island country.
3.The population of Australia is as large as that of China.
4.Kangaroos are small animals like mouse(老鼠) in our house.
5.Kangaroos always carry bags on their backs.
参考答案：1.√ 2.√ 3.× 4.× 5.×
中考英语阅读理解训练试题6：如何成为一名作家
Some children think writers are great and they can tell people a lot. So they also wish to be writers some day. They mean that they want to write stories or books which many persons will read. I would like to remind[1] them that they will need to be good readers and to read a lot in order to[2] be good writers.
Nearly all great writers read too long before they started to school, and read for hours and hours every day since they became good readers. Instead of watching TV in the evening, they spend much of their spare[3] time reading books.
If you are a good reader, it won't take you long to do the reading homework your teacher asks you to do. Then you will have time to read other books for fun. Because you read so well, you keep looking for more books to read.
While making up your mind[4] to become a good writer, you had better say to yourself,"I must read more and more if I am really to become a good writer."
Notes:[1]remind/rI`maInd/v. 提醒 [2]in order to 为了 [3]spare /spe/adj. 多余的 [4]make up one's mind 下决心
1.Some of the children like the g writers.
2.The writer told the children to read m before they hope to be writers.
3.A lot of writers l a lot from other writers' books and stories.
4.For a student, he or she should do the reading homework well f .
5.Doing much good reading can h you to be a good writer.
参考答案：1.great 2.more 3.learned 4.first 5.help
中考英语阅读理解训练试题7：搭着房车去旅行
Bill and Fred studied at a university and they were friends. They didn't have much money, so when it was time for their holidays, Fred said, "Let's take our holidays in a trailer[1], Bill. It's cheaper than a hotel. I can borrow my father's trailer."
Fred was very happy. So they got into the trailer and began their holidays. They wanted to get up early the next day to go fishing, but they didn't have an alarm[1] clock.
"That's all right, Bill," Fred said. "I'll put these pieces of bread on the roof[3] of the trailer tonight and they'll wake us up in the morning." Bill was very surprised, but he didn't say anything.
Fred was right. As soon as it began to get light, small birds came down to eat the bread, and their noise on the roof of the trailer woke Bill and Fred up very quickly.
Notes:[1]trailer/`treIl/ n. 活动房屋式的拖车 [2]alarm/`la:m/ n. 警报 alarm clock 闹钟 [3]roof/ru：f/ n. 顶;房顶
1.Bill and Fred were both university s .
2.The two young men decided to go t during their summer holidays.
3.The two young men tried to s some money,so they borrowed a trailer.
4.The two young men wanted to get up, but they were a to wake up too late the next morning.
5.Fred had a good i .
6.Bill didn't know w his friend put some bread on the top of the trailer.
7.The next morning, the birds found the bread and flew to e it.
8.In fact, the b woke the two young men up.
9.The birds began to look for f as soon as it got light.
10.Fred was very c .
参考答案：
1.students 2.traveling 3.save 4.afraid
5.idea 6.why 7.eat 8.birds 9.food 10.clever
中考英语阅读理解训练试题8：看电视的利与弊
Most children like watching TV.It's very interesting.By(1) watching TV they can see and learn a lot and know many things about their country and the world.Of course,they can also learn over the radio.But they can learn better and more easily with TV.Why?Because they can hear and watch at the same time.But they can't see anything over the radio.
TV helps to open children's eyes.TV helps to open their minds(2),too.They learn newer and better ways of doing things.They may find the world is now smaller than before.
Many children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evening.They are always busy with their lessons.But a few children watch TV every night.They go to bed very late.They can't have a good rest.How about you,my young friends?
Notes:(1)by/baI/prep.通过 (2)minds/maIndz/n.智力
1.A few children go to bed late because they .
A.are busy with their lessons B.do their homework
C.watch TV D.listen to the radio
2.Children can't see anything .
A.in the radio B.on the radio
C.on TV D.by watching TV
3.TV helps to open children's .
A.eyes and minds B.minds
C.eyes or minds D.eyes
4.children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evening.
A.A lot B.Much C. A lot of D.A little
5.Children can study better and more easily with TV because .
A.they like to watch TV B.they can hear at the same time
C.they can watch at the same time
D.they can listen to and see something at the same time
参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D
中考英语阅读理解训练题1：Bobert S. Cassatt
“I would almost rather see you dead.” Bobert S. Cassatt, a leading banker of Philadelphia, shouted when his twenty-year-old eldest daughter announced that she wanted to become an artist. In the 19th century, playing at drawing or painting on dishes was all right for a young lady, but serious work in art was not. And when the young lady’s family racked among(挤身于) the best of Philadelphia’s social(社会各界的) families, such an idea could not even be considered.
That was how Mary Cassatt, born 1844, began her struggle as an artist. She did not tremble before her father’s anger, she opposed(反对) him with courage and at last made him change his mind. Many Cassatt gave up her social position and all thoughts of a thousand and a family, which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady. In the end, after long years of hard work and perseverance(坚持), she became America’s most important woman artist and the internationally recognized leading woman painter of the time.
1. How did Mr Cassatt react(反应) when his daughter made her announcement?
A. He feared for her life. B. He was very angry.
C. He nearly killed her. D. He warned her.
2. What in fact was Mr Cassatt’s main reason in opposing his daughter’s wish?
A. Drawing and painting was sim*** unthinkable among ladies in those days.
B. He did not believe his daughter wanted to work seriously in art.
C. He believed an artist’s life would be too hard for his daughter.
D. Ladies of good families sim*** did not become artists in those times.
3. What made Mary Cassatt’s “struggle” to become a recognized artist especially hard?
A. She was a woman B. Her father opposed her.
C. She had no social position. D. She didn’t come from an artist’s family.
4. What do we know about Mary Cassatt’s marriage?
A. Her marriage failed because she never gave a thought to her husband and family.
B. She never married because she did not want to be just a wife and mother.
C. After marriage she decided to give up her husband rather than her career.
D. She did not marry because for a lady of her social position to marry below her was unthinkable.
5. What do we know about Robert Cassatt’s character from the texta
I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的) farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.
It had been snowing heavily that I didn’t know the way. I had been driving for at least an hour when I finally found his place. He was standing there, waiting for me. It seemed Milly had died. “She meant more to me than anyone… even my own wife!” he said. I could see that he had been crying. I thought something terrible had taken place, a possible scandal (丑闻) . I was even more shocked when he told me he had put her in the barn. “I wouldn’t leave her out in the cold!” he said.
Milly had clearly been a secret lover of his. I was about to tell him he could not expect me to cover anything up when he opened the barn door. He lifted his candle and I saw a dark figure on the ground. “She was such a good cow! I wouldn’t let anyone but a doctor touch her !” he said, and burst into tears again.
1. The underlined phrase “make out” in the first paragraph means____.
A. expect B. understand C. see clearly D. hear clearly
2. Before he arrived at the farmer’s house, the writer expected to see Milly lying ____.
A. on the ground of a barn B. on the floor of a room
C. in bed in a room D. in bed in a barn
3. What do we know about Milly from the story?
A. She had met with an accident B. She had caused a scandal.
C. She was seriously ill. D. She was hidden somewhere.
4. The farmer wished that the writer might ____.
A. look into the matter B. bring Milly back to life
C. free him from a scandal D. keep the whole thing a secret
5. The person who told the story is probably a ____.
A. farmer B. policeman C. country doctor D. newspaper reporter
The key :
7. B C A B C
中考英语阅读理解训练题2：Sydney
Sydney is a young city. Its history goes back just over 200 years. But inAustralia, it is the oldest city. It is also the country’s largest city. Sydney is the capital of New South Wales and the most populous(人口稠密的) city of Australia.
The climate(气候) of Sydney is very good. It’s not too cold during the winter and not too hot during the summer. The sky is blue，the air is fresh(清新的), birds sing in the garden. People who live inSydneyseem to have an easy life style. They will tell you, “Don’t worry. ”
Many people think thatSydneyis one of the most attractive cities in the world. It has many tall and modern buildings. Among them,CentrepointToweris the tallest. Standing on the 305--metre(80 storeys) tower, you will have a great view(视野) of the city.
Sydney is famous for its deep harbor(港口) .The harbor has many bays(湾) and beautiful surf beaches. Among them, Bondi beach is the most popular.SydneyHarboris not only beautiful, it also serves as a large port. Ships carry wool, wheat and meat fromSydneyto other countries.
People living inSydneylike to call themselves Sydneysiders. They are mostly friendly and easygoing. When they are not working, they love to have a good time at the beach, swimming and sailing.
根据短文内容回答下列各问题。
21. How old isSydney?
。 ________________________________________
22. How is the climate ofSydney?
。 ________________________________________
23. How tall isCentrepointTower?
。 ________________________________________
24. What isSydneyfamous for?
。 ________________________________________
25. What do people living inSydneylove to do when they are not working?
。 ________________________________________
E篇
【文章大意】这是一篇介绍悉尼的文章，分别从历史、气候、建筑、港口和居民等方面阐述了悉尼的迷人之处。
21. It’s just over 200 years old.
22. It’s not too cold during the winter and not too hot during the summer. It’s very good.
23. It’s 305 meters tall.
24. Sydney is famous for its deep harbor.
25. They love to go swimming and sailing.
中考英语阅读理解训练题3：Iceland
Iceland lies in the North Atlantic Ocean.. It lies between 63°24′and 66°33′N,
And between 13°30′and 24°2′W and is the second largest island in Europe. It is close to the Arctic Circle, yet in fact, only one of its northerly islands lies inside. The country has a total area of 103,000 square kilometers and a coastline of about 6,600 km. The island is 300 km wide from north to south, and 500 km across from west to east.
From 1262 to 1944 Iceland was ruled first by Norway and then by Denmark. Centuries of foreign rule, and such things as volcanoes(火山)and the weather, made life very difficult at times for the Icelanders: there was lots of hard work and little change. The situation began to improve during the nineteenth century. Then in 1944 Iceland became an independent republic; since that time it has become a quite rich country where the people enjoy having cars, modern houses and lots of electrical equipment. If you look at the kind of products that Iceland exports today----fish, meat and wool for example---it’s easy to see that both the sea and the land are important to Icelanders. This has been true in fact since the time of the first Icelanders--Vikings from Norway who arrived in AD874(公元874年)
Some things in the lives of the Icelanders have changed very little---the Icelandic language, for example, 700 years ago the stories called Sagas were first written down, these can still be read in the old language without much difficulty by Icelandic speakers today.
1. Where is Iceland?
A. In the Arctic Circle. B. Near the Atlantic Ocean.
C. Between Norway and Denmark. D. In Europe.
2. In Iceland, the distance from north to south is ____that from west to east.
A much longer than B shorter than
C. the same as D. a little longer than
3.How many years did Norway and Denmark rule the Iceland?
A. 700 B. 682. C. 388 D. 1070
4. What has hardly changed in Iceland?
A. Exporting products. B. The Icelandic language.
C. House equipment. D. The lives of the Icelanders.
5. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. Iceland has been an independent republic since Vikings began to live there.
B. Iceland is a country of many small islands.
C. Iceland is not the largest island in the world,
D. Iceland is quite a modern country now.
keys: BBBBA
中考英语阅读理解训练题4：Watch this guy
IT'S only Brandon Roy's first year in the NBA, but he already seems like an old hand.
"He's so smooth (流畅的). It seems like he never turns the ball over," Denver's Carmelo Anthony said, "He doesn't seem like a rookie (新人). He's going to be The One in Portland."
The Portland Trail Blazers (波特兰开拓者队) guard won the Rookie of the Year on May 2. In his first year, Roy led all new comers with averages of 16.8 points in 57 games. He helped his team to win 11 times more than last season.
Brandon also surprises with his vision (眼光) of the court. He always takes the chance to try to score.
Roy said he practices hard and it pays off. The 23-year-old is one of the few basketball players who did four years in college. He played for the University of Washington team to improve his skills. He also studied in the busy off-season (休赛的) to complete his degree. This all prepared him well for the NBA games.
A mature young man
"He's an extremely mature (成熟的) kid. It's the first thing you notice when you meet him. The way he talks and deals with people - for a rookie, it's amazing," said Kevin Pritchard of the Trail Blazers.
Now Brandon Roy is aiming higher for himself, "I'm going to continue to work hard and be a team guy, and hope good things keep coming to me.''
----------------------------------------
Brandon Roy fact file
Place of birth: Seattle, US
Date of birth: July 23, 1984
Height: 198cm
Weight: 103kg
Team: Portland Trail Blazers
Position: Guard
中考英语阅读理解训练题5：some scientists
1. Unless we spend money to spot(认出，发现) and prevent asteroids(小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.
Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星体) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don't threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.
But $500 million worth of new telescopes right now, then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we'll have a way to change its course.
Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are (i) How likely the event is; (2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare but if one did fall. It would be the end of the world. "If we don't take care of these bid asteroids, they'll take care of us," says one scientist. "it's that simple."
The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets(舰队，车队) of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? "the world has less fear from doomsday(毁灭性) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them." Said a New York Times article.
1. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?
A. They are heavenly bodies different in composition.
B. They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.
C. They are more asteroids than meteoroids.
D. Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.
2. What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?
A. It is very unlikely but the danger exists.
B. Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.
C. Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.
D. It's still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.
3. What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids?
A. It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.
B. It may create more problems than it might solve.
C. It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.
D. Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.
4. We can conclude from the passage that __
A. While pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world.
B. Asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future.
C. The worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime.
D. Workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth.
5.. Which of the following best describes the author's tone in this passage?
A. Optimistic(乐观的) B.Critical(批评的) C. Objective(客观的) D. Arbitrary(武断的)
中考英语阅读理解训练题6：One day
One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door, was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.
However, he lost his nerve(神经) when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, "how much do I own you?"
"You don't owe me anything," she replied. "Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart." With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.
Year later the woman became badly ill and as finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor's clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.
At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words:
"Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly."
Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
1. The boy sent newspaper door to door in order to ________.
A. continue his schooling B. become a famous doctor
C. thank the woman for her kindness D. support his poor family
2. Which is true about the boy and the woman?
A. He became too shy to ask her for a drink of water.
B. She thought he was not hungry but thirsty.
C. She wanted him to pay for the glass of milk.
D. She never thought he would save her life later.
3. After Dr. Kelly knew who the woman was, he ________.
A. began to take good care of her himself.
B. told her she once gave him a glass of milk
C. made up his mind to try his best to save her.
D. asked for her bill and paid it off at once.
4.What was sent to the woman's room ? ________.
A.The final bill B. Some drink C. Some water D. Newspapers
5. The best title for this passage is________.
A. A Warm-hearted Woman B. A Glass of Milk
C. The Final Bill D. A Famous Doctor
中考英语阅读理解训练题7：A rich man
A rich man was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden. On the ground lay a young tree, ready to be planted. The rich man called out to the old man, “What kind of tree are you planting there, my good man?”
“This is a fig(无花果) tree, sir. ” He said.
“A fig tree?” the rich man was very surprised, “Why, how old are you, may I ask?”
“I am ninety years old.”
“What!” cried the rich man, “You’re ninety years old. You are planting a very young tree now and it’ll take years to give fruit. You certainly don’t hope to live long enough to get any fruit from this tree. ” The old man looked around the garden. Then he said with a smile, “Tell me, sir. Did you eat figs when you were a boy? ”“Sure,” the man did not know why he asked this question. “Then tell me this,” he said, “Who planted the fig trees?” “Why-why? I don’t know.” “You see, sir.” went on the old man,“Our forefathers(祖先) planted trees for us to enjoy and I am doing the same for the people after me.”
The rich man was quiet and said, “You are right，my good man. We should do some things for the people after us. Thank you very much.” Then he rode away.
根据短文内容回答下列各问题。
11.What tree was the old man planting when the rich man saw him?
________________________________________
12. How old was the old man?
_________________________________________
13. The old man was planting the tree to get himself some fruit to eat，wasn’t he? Who was he planting the tree for?
____________________________________________
14. Did the rich man eat figs when he was a boy?
____________________________________________
15. What should we do for the people after us?
_____________________________________________
【文章大意】一位富人见一位90岁的.老人在种无花果树，感到很惊讶。老人对他说，“我们的祖先为我们栽树，供我们享受，我也为我的后人们做同样的事。”
11.He was planting a fig tree.
12. He was ninety years old.
13. No, he wasn’t. He was planting the tree for the people after him .
14. Yes, he did.
15. We should do some good things for the people after us.
中考英语阅读理解训练题8：American students
Nearly all American students in colleges and universities pay for their education. There are many expenses. First of all, there is tuition (学费). At some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. At other schools, it may only be a few hundred dollars a year. At some community (社区) colleges, tuition is free. There are other expenses as well. Many students leave their homes to go to schools in other cities. They may live in dormitories or apartments ( flats), and they must pay for it. Finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. Some families start saving money for their children's education when the children are small. Many students work to save money for tuition. They can also get loans (贷款) from the government. They pay the money back to the government when they finish their education.
阅读短文，回答问题或完成答句，每题词数不超过5个
1. Which students pay for their education?
________ in colleges and universities pay for their education.
2. How much is the higher tuition?
It is _______________ or more.
3. Are there any free tuition colleges?
___________________________.
4.Why do many students live in dormitories or apartments?
Because they_______________.
5. What must students buy finally?
They must _______________.
6. When do many students pay back their loans from the government?
They pay them back_______________.
【参考答案】
【文章大意】 几乎所有的美国大学生都要支付教育费用。首先是学费。有些学校的学费很贵，高达一万美元一年甚至更多。还有其它的费用，如住宿费。最后还有教材费。有些家庭在孩子还小的时候就开始积攒教育经费，很多学生通过工作来挣钱支付学费，他们也可以向**借贷，毕业后再还。
1. Nearly all American students
2. ten thousand dollars a year
3. Yes, there are some
4. study in other cities / leave their homes to study / study away from their homes / don’t study near their homes
5. buy textbooks for their courses
6. when they finish their education
中考英语阅读理解训练题9：Some people
Some people want to be shot into space after their death, others want to lie deep under the sea. But most people want to go into the freezer(冷藏库).These are believers in cryogenics(低温冷冻学).
Now some diseases can’t be cured, but they may be cured sometime in the future. So some people hope that their bodies can be frozen after they die. When a cure is found, warm up his or her body, bring it back to life and take the cure. Once the body is frozen, it is kept in liquid nitrogen(液态氮) at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero.
Now around a thousand people are going to take cryogenic treatment(处理), though most scientists say it won’t work. If we freeze huge creatures(生物) like humans, every one of their cells(细胞) will be broken. Can they be brought back to life in the future?
根据短文内容回答下列各问题。
7. Where do most people hope that their bodies are kept after their death?
_________________________________________
8. Why do they want the world to keep their bodies well?
_________________________________________
9. How do scientists usually keep a dead man’s body?
_________________________________________
10. How many people are going to take cryogenic treatment after they die?
___________________________________________
【文章大意】有些人死后想被发射到太空去，有些人想被深埋在海底之下，但多数人想要被低温冷冻。现在有些疾病不能治疗，但到了将来它们可能会被治好。于是有些人希望死后尸体能被冷冻起来，等找到了治疗方法，再让他们复活。尽管大多数科学家认为这种方法不起作用，还是有1,000多人准备接受低温冷冻。
7. In the freezer.
8. They hope that they can come back to life one day.
9. They usually keep it in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero.
10. Around 1.000 people.
中考英语阅读理解训练题10：如何防止网聊上瘾
“I sometimes get up at three or four in the morning and I surf the net.”
“I often check my e-mail forty times a day.”
“I often spend more than three hours during one time on the net.”
“I spend more time in chat rooms(聊天室) than with my ‘real-1ife’ friends.”
Do you know any people like these? They are part of a new addiction(瘾) called Internet addiction. Internet addicts spend at least thirty to forty hours online every week. The use of the Internet can be an addiction like drug() use. People lose control(控制) of the time they spend on the Internet
For example, one college student was missing for several days. His friends were worried, and they called the police. The police found the student in the computer lab: he was surfing the net for several days straight.
Studies show that about 6 to 10% of Internet users become addicted. And people worry about the teens because the Internet is changing the playing field for some of them. They spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family.
Is “surfing the net” a hobby or an addiction for you? You may have a problem if you have these symptoms(症状):
●You do not go to important family activities or you do not do school work because you like to spend hours on the Internet.
●You can’t wait for your next online time.
●You plan to spend a short time online, but then you spend several hours.
●You go out with your friends less and less.
◆根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1. What does the beginning of the passage tell us?
A. How to become an Internet addict. B. What an Internet addict usually does.
C. Where to find an Internet addict. D. Why to write this passage.
2 How does the writer describe the addicts’ use of Internet?
A. It is something like keeping drugs. B. It is a way of producing drugs.
C. It is like taking drugs. D. It is terrible to imagine.
3. Why do people worry about the teens?
A. The teens are wasting too much money.
B. They used to work on the Internet.
C. The playing field of the teens will disappear.
D. More and more of the teens wil1 become addicted to the Internet.
4. The example in the passage shows that _______.
A. Internet problems are more serious among college students
B. Internet addicts usually stay in the computer lab without sleep
C. Some of the Internet users have already been seriously addicted
D. The police often help to find those Internet addicts.
5. What is the writer trying to tell us at the end of the passage?
A. Don’t be addicted to the Internet.
B. Go to family activities more often.
C. Do things as you have planned
D. Stay with your parents as often as possible.
【答案及解析】
1. 选B。在短文的开头就述说了这些上网成瘾的人早上3、4点钟起床去上网;每天四次看E-mail;每次上网时间不少于3小时;甚至在网上聊天的时间比跟自己朋友在一起的时间还多。这些都是他们经常做的事情。故选B。
2. 选C。由句子The use of the Internet can be an addiction like during use.可知，人们上网成瘾就跟take drug(吸毒)成瘾一样。
3. 选D。由第3段中的句子…people worry about the teens.及They spend more time in cyberspace than in the real world of friends and family.可知，这是成瘾的症状。故选D。
4. 选C。短文中讲述了一个大学生失踪了好几天，他的朋友非常担心，而且还动用了警察去找他，结果却发现他一直在上网。这说明一些上网的人已经有很大的网瘾了。故选C。
5. 选A。文章例举了上网成瘾的坏处，并在结尾处例举了上网成瘾的症状，这就是要提醒我们不要变成“网络瘾君子”。答案选A。
Beauty sleep is a real thing, researches have shown that people who haveenough sleep look more attractive (有魅力的) to others.
A few bad nights is enough to make a person look "especially" more ugly,their sleep experiments show.
The researchers asked 25 university students to join in their sleepexperiment. They were asked to get a good night's sleep for two nights.
A week later, they were asked to sleep for only four hours every night fortwo nights in a row.
The researchers took make-up free (素颜) photos of the volunteers after boththe good and the bad sleep.
Next, they asked 122 strangers to have a look at the photos and judge (评价)them on attractiveness, health, and sleepiness, as well as asking them: "Howmuch would you like to make friends with this person in the picture?"
The strangers were good at judging if the person they were looking at wastired, and, if they were sleepy, their attractiveness score was low.
The strangers also said they wouldn't want to socialize with the tiredstudents. The researchers say this is natural for people. An unhealthy-lookingface makes people run away. In other words, people don't want to hang aroundwith people who might be ill.
Dr. Brewer, an expert at the University of Liverpool said "Judgement ofattractiveness is often unconscious (无意识的), hut we all do it, and we are able tojudge on even something small like whether someone looks tired or unhealthy.This study is a good reminder of how important sleep is to us."
35. When did the researchers take make-up free photos?
A. After two nights good sleep.
B. After two nights bad sleep.
C. Before the experiment.
D. After both two nights good sleep and two nights' had sleep.
36. The researchers asked the strangers to do the following except_______.
A. telling who looked healthier
B. telling who didn't have many friends
C. telling who missed a lot of sleep
D. telling who was attractive
37. What kind of friends did the strangers like to make?
A. The people who were tired.
B. The people who were sleepy.
C. The people who were unhealthy.
D. The people who were attractive and energetic.
38. What does the underlined word "socialize "mean in Chinese?
A.合伙
B.玩耍
C.交往
D.共事
39. According to the passage, which of the following is the best title?
A. Beauty sleep, More attractive
B. More sleep, More Friends
C. Less sleep, Fewer friends
D. No attractiveness, No friends
——初一英语阅读理解专项练* (菁华3篇)
The day was like any other day in his life, Tom walked past the shop on the street comer. He
stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt happy to see that the pair of shoes he wanted
very much were still there. Looking down, he felt sorry for himself. He really wanted to have them
for his birthday.
He sadly walked away and thought how to tell his mother about it. He knew she would give him
anything he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money. He decided not to
go home at once, as he looked worried and his mother would notice (注意) it. So he went to the
park and sat on the grass. Then he saw a boy in a wheel chair (轮椅) . He noticed that the boy
moved the wheel with his hands. Tom looked at him carefully and was surprised to see the boy
have no feet. He looked at his own feet. “It's much better to be without shoes than without feet, ”
he thought. There was no reason (理由) for him to feel so sorry and sad. He sent away and smiled,
thinking he was happier.
1．Tom passed the shop______.
A．on foot
B．by bus
C．by bike
D．in a car
2．Why did Tom stop in front of the shop? Because he wanted______. [ ]
A．to buy the shoes
B．to look at the shoes he liked
C．to look at the shoes in the shop window
D．to look at the shoes on the front row
3．The pair of shoes he liked was ______. [ ]
A．too expensive
B．quite cheap
C．not there
D．not sold yet
4．Tom went into the park because he______. [ ]
A．was thinking how to tell his mother about it
B．wanted to see the boy
C．didn't want to make his mother worried
D．he felt sad
5．From the story we can know that Tom______. [ ]
A．liked new shoes very much
B．loved his mother best
C．didn't want to go to school
D．didn't want to stay at home
People sometimes like to read stories of dogs very much. They think that dogs are much cleverer
than cats, sheep, cows or other animals in their homes.
One of my close friends, Bob, has a very large police dog named Jack. Every Sunday afternoon,
Bob and Jack have a walk in the park nearby. Jack likes these walks very much. One Sunday
afternoon, I paid a visit to my friend. I stayed there for a long time and my friend and I had much
more talk with each other than ever before. Soon it was time for them to take a walk in the park.
We forgot that. Jack became worried about it. He walked around the room several times and then
sat down in front of me and looked at me. But I still paid no attention (注意) to him. I went on
talking with my friend. At last, Jack could not wait any longer. He went out of the room and came
back a few minutes later. He sat down in front of me again. But this time, he held my hat in his
mouth. Suddenly, I understood what Jack meant and so did my friend.
1．How many people are there in this story?______. [ ]
A．One
B．Two
C．Three
D．Four
2．Jack______. [ ]
A．is a close friend of mine
B．enjoys long walks in the park every Sunday afternoon
C．has many close friends
D．enjoys talks in the room
3．Jack was worried because______. [ ]
A．he wanted to eat something
B．it was Sunday afternoon again
C．he was not feeling well
D．he wanted his master (主人) to take him for a walk
4．Jack took my hat in his mouth to show that______. [ ]
A．I should leave the house at once
B．he liked my hat very much
C．he was hungry and he tried to eat it
D．he wanted to have a rest
5．Which of the following is true?______. [ ]
A．When Jack and I were talking, my friend didn't pay any attention to us
B．When I was talking to my friend, Jack didn't pay any attention to us
C．When my friend and I were talking, we didn't pay any attention to Jack
D．When my friend was talking to Jack, I paid attention to them
Peter was a small boy. He lived with his parents in a small house near some hills. The people there were all poor.
One night it was very dry and windy.
When everybody was asleep, Peter suddenly heard some noise. It came out from the kitchen (厨
房). He got up and walked to the kitchen. He found that the wood beside the stove (火炉) was
burning . There was no water tap (水龙头) in the house , so he could not put out (扑灭) the fire .
He shouted loudly to wake up everyone in the house. Then he ran out of his house and knocked on
the doors of many houses to wake the people up. They all left their houses quickly.
At last the fire was put out by the firemen. Many houses were burnt. But nobody was burnt in the fire.
1．Peter lived with his______. [ ]
A．sisters
B．brothers
C．uncles
D．parents
2．One night he found that______ beside the stove was burning. [ ]
A．the table
B．the wood
C．the door
D．the window
3．______, so he could not put out the fire. [ ]
A．Everybody was asleep
B．He couldn't shout loudly
C．The kitchen was very big
D．there was no water tap in the house
4．Peter knocked on the doors of many houses______. [ ]
A．to wake the people up
B．to get some water
C．to find his classmates
D．to visit them
5．______hurt in the fire. [ ]
A．People in other houses were
B．Peter's parents were
C．Nobody was
D．Peter was
“You're just in time, Joe. We're going to play cowboys（牛仔）and Indians, and you can be the
Indians. ” One of my cousins（堂兄弟）said.
“How many Indians?” I asked.
“Oh, about a thousand. ” He answered, and before I could say no，I was pushed out into the
night and became a thousand Indians. Two minutes later I was running in the fields with a group
of cowboys behind. The shouts of “After them. Let's catch the killers!” and other such TV play
language came into my ears as I ran round a corner and hurried into my Grandpa's car．
“We've got him, boys. Let's go and catch him!”
But no one wanted to come to get me. All of my cousins except one were always very friendly
with. It was quiet outside. And I went out of the car to have a look.
Just then I heard a shout , “Bring the rope（绳子）, and we can burn him. ”
“Only Indians burn people. Cowboys.” I stopped just in time. I had almost said, “Cowboys
hang（绞死）people. ”
I was tied to a tree, and the cowboys were looking for some wood when my dear mother called,
“We're leaving now. ”
“Untie me.” I shouted. ”We're going.
“Why did Bobby want matches（火柴）?” Mum asked when we were in the car. “He was asking
Dad whether he had any. ”
“oh, he was just going t matches? MATCHES? Are you sure he wanted matches”
Mother was quite sure, and I didn't say any more.
1．How many children played the Indians? [ ]
A．One thousand
B．One hundred
C．One group
D．One
2．Why did Joe's cousin say that Joe was just in time? Because______. [ ]
A．there were not enough children four the game
B．the game was just going to start
C．none of his cousins wanted to be the Indians
D．they were waiting for Joe
3．Joe didn't say “Cowbays hang people.” Because______. [ ]
A．he was tied to a tree
B．that would make things worse
C．he was caught by the cowboys
D．that would make the cowboys angry
4．Which of the following is TRUE? [ ]
A．One of Joe's cousins was looking for matches.
B．Dad didn't want to give the children any matches.
C．Bobby wanted to get some matches from his father.
D．Mum didn't think children should play with matches.
5．The name of the story should he“______.” [ ]
A．Joe and his cousins
B．Who knows what danger is waiting there
C．Cowboys and Indians is a favourite children's game
D．How cowboys and Indians fought in the past
A very new, young officer was at a station. He was on his way to visit his mother in another town,
and he wanted to telephone her to tell her the time of this train , so that she could meet him at the
station in her car．He look in all his pockets, but round that he did not have the right money for the
telephone, so he went outside and looked around for someone to help him.
At last an old soldier came by, and the young officer stopped him and said, “Have you got change（零钱）for ten pence（便士）?”
“Wait a moment, ” the old soldier answered. He began to put his hand in his pock- et, “I'll see
whether I can help you. ”
“Don't you know how to speak to an officer?” the young man said angrily. “Now let's start
again. Have you got change for ten pence? ”
“No, sir,” the old soldier answered quickly.
1．The young officer and his mother lived______. [ ]
A．in the same town
B．in different places
C．in another town
D．in the other town
2．The young officer Wanted to telephone his mother to tell her______. [ ]
A．that he was going to visit her
B．where his train would leave for
C．what time his train would arrive at the station
D．that he was then at the station
3．He looked around for help because he______. [ ]
A．had no money to make the phone call
B．did not know where to make the phone call
C．needed some change for the phone call
D．wanted to get change from the old soldier
4．The young officer was angry because he thought the old soldier______. [ ]
A．was polite to him
B．was not polite to him
C．didn't know how to speak to him
D．didn't like to help him at all
5．Which of the following is not true? [ ]
A．Both the young officer and the old soldier were angry.
B．The young officer wanted his mother to meet him at the station.
C．He wanted the old soldier to speak to him in a polite way.
D．He didn't know the soldier before.
答案参考答案：
ABDCB 2．BBDAC 3．DBDAC 4．DCBAB 5．BCCBA、
Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by
train every morning and comes ___1___ the same way.
One morning while he was ___2___ his newspaper on the train, a man ___3___ him came up to
him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said,“ ___4___ ” to him and then ___5___ to talk
to him. The man said, “Your ___6___ isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same
station at the same time ___7___ morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same
newspaper.”
When Mr Smith ___8___ this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and ___9___ to the man
angrily, “How do you know all that about me?”
“Because I’m ___10___ sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered.
1. A. family B. house C. village D. home
2. A. seeing B. look C. reading D. finding
3. A. before B. behind C. beside D. next to
4. A. Sorry B. Thanks C. Hello D. Goodbye
5. A. refused B. stopped C. ordered D. began
6. A. life B. work C. office D. child
7. A. one B. every C. this D. yesterday
8. A. heard B. listened C. found D. felt
9. A. asked B. said C. told D. talked
10. A. never B. hardly C. always D. sometimes
本文是个幽默故事。讲述一个人说另一个人每天早上重复做同一件事，这样生活单调，其实自己也一样。
1. D表示回家是come home与前面的去上班go to work相对。
2. C表示看书看报用read。
3. B由文末I’m sitting in the same seat behind you可知。
4. C从下文可知是向他召呼问好，所以是say “Hello” to him。
5. D打了召呼后自然就会开始(began)谈起话来。
6. A在同一时间、同一个车站、乘同一个火车，这是种单是调泛味的生活(life)。而不是这工作，也不是办公，更不是指小孩。
7. B指每天早上都是如此，才会说单调泛味。
8. A史密斯先生听到(heard)这些话。listen指有意识在“听”，强调动作，后接宾语时要加to；hear指听的结果“听到”。
9. B say to sb对某人说。虽然后面是一个问句，但表示问某人时ask后不用to，而直接说ask sb。
10. C因为对史密斯先生如此了解，当然是“总”总在他的后面了
Monday morning is an important time at our school. All of the students go to the playground.
We listen to music, and we 36 the national flag(**) go up.
Usually, one student gives a talk on Monday mornings. One Monday last year, a boy gave the talk. He was 37 and excited ! When I saw him, I wanted to have a try, too.
Can I really do it
Last week, our teacher said our class should give the talk. My teacher 38 me, "I know you want to have a try. Next Monday, you can give the talk. Go and write something down. 39 for it, I'm sure you'll do well."
"Thank you ," I answered, It was such a great 40 for me ! When I got home , I was excited. I wrote two pages for the talk. I read them again and again. When I read, I asked my parents 41 . I wanted to make my teacher happy.
Monday morning came. I began to feel 42 . When did I last give a talk to 43 many people Never! This was my first time. Could I really 44 it Maybe I couldn't finish the talk.
When I got to school, we all went out to playground. I 45 in front of everyone. I opened my mouth, but I couldn't say anything.
( ) 36. A. watch B. see C. notice D. look at
( ) 37. A. surprising B. proud C. amazed D. careful
( ) 38. A. told B. asked for C. said to D. showed
( ) 39. A. Look out B. Come on C. Take care D. Get ready
( ) 40. A. chance B. news C. time D. message
( ) 41. A. to listen to B. to listen C. listen to D. listen
( ) 42. A. excited B. happy C. nervous D. surprised
( ) 43. A. after B. such C. before D. so
( ) 44. A. do B. speak C. talk D. take
( ) 45. A. stand B. stood C. was standing D. have stood
答案： 36.A watch强调表示看一个动态的过程，如watch TV,watch the play,而see没有强调这个概念;notice是注意，look at强调看的动作;
37.B “他既自豪又激动!” 根据常识，做**下讲话的人，应该45.B 全文的主时态是过去时，此句的下一句也用了过去时;感到自豪。
38.C “我的老师对我说：…”said to 有强调对我说的`概念，其余选项没有。told告诉，asked for请求，show展示;
39.D be/get ready for固定搭配，为……走准备;
40.A “这对我来说是多好的机会啊!”
41.A listen是不及物动词，后面接宾语一点要带介词to;
42.C 根据常识以及下文提示，作者此时应该是“紧张”;
43.D “我从来没有在这么多人面前做过演讲!”so如此地，程度副词;
44.A “我真的能够完成吗?”do 助动词代替实意动词
45.B 全文的主时态是过去时，此句的下一句也用了过去时;
Dear Zhang Qian：
Thank you very much for your letter. You want to know about my favorite sport and instrument. Now I can tell you. Swimming is my favorite sport, and I like volleyball, basketball and ping-pong, Zhang Yining is my favorite player. I am good at playing chess, too. My favorite instrument is the violin. I like to play the violin every weekend. What about you? What's your favorite sport? Do you like to play the violin? Who's your favorite player? And who is your favorite musician? Please tell me. Yours．
Li Bing
( ) 1. This letter is from Zhang Yining.
( ) 2. Zhang Qian wants to know Li Bing's favorite sport and player.
( ) 3. Zhang Qian likes swimming best.
( ) 4. Li Bing plays the violin on weekends.
( ) 5. Li Bing can swim very well, but she can't play chess.
——英语阅读理解 (菁华6篇)
The standard of living of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. Wealth in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: goods such as food and clothing, and services such as transport and entertainment.
A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water sup* and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U. S. A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy.
Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U. S. A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was. unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.
美国人对篮球的兴趣在春季三大锦标赛期间达到高潮。这包括三月底或四月初举行的大学男篮锦标赛和大学女篮锦标赛，以及在六月份进入决赛高潮的职业篮球赛。
上面说的只是有组织的正式比赛。在市内的运动场和学校的操场上，在农舍后院的简易篮球筐下，或是在无数市郊住宅的自家车道上划出的篮球场上，一代代的美国青少年的学*打篮球。一批最优秀的篮球选手，就是在这种队与队的对抗，单与单的较量，或是一个人数小时的投篮练*中，练就一身出神入化的球技的。
尽管有些球员很有天赋，篮球运动还是需要有教练指导的，帮助球员学*他们掌握欠佳的技术，并把一个个球员熔合成一个队，教练的风格各异。有些教练部署严谨，队员各司其职;有的则倾向于让队员去决定比赛的打法和风格。
American Sports
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms; organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played forrecreation anywheresufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year. Some sports are called spectatorsports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall. Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football orsoccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and college. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game. It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly.
Other spectatorsports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing. Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes. The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do "not assemble" primarily to see the horse race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.
No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed to the late Duchess(公爵夫人)
Of Windsor embodies much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed as such a virtue.
The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the betteror worsepart of my life. Being rich wouldnt be bad either, but that wont happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing, if not repellent? All religions have certain days when people refrain from eating, and excessive eating is one of Christianitys seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being.
Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat-or even only somewhat overweight-is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may have as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problemtoo much fat and a lack of fiberthan a weight problem.
Where Have All the Bees Gone? Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why. Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future. Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers ap* to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervous system and memory. It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do, he says.
词汇： hive n. 蜂巢; 蜂箱 digestive adj. 消化的 beekeeper n. 养蜂人 insecticide n. 杀虫剂 注释： 2.the United States Department of Agriculture Bee Research Laboratory：美国农业部蜜蜂研究实验室。
练*：
A) Honeybees are flying all across the country.
C) Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return.
2. Why are researchers seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder? A) Worsening environment.
B) Because honeybees feed on flowers.
C) Dwindling number of flowers around.
D) Both B and C.
The Man of Many Secretsharry Houdini was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He was a man famous for his escapes form prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his “magic” tricks.
Of course, his secret was not magic, or supernatural powers. It was sim* strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.
Houdini started working in the entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his brother Theo performed card tricks in a club in New York. they called themselves the Houdini Brothers. When Harry married in 1894, he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant. But for a long time they were not very successful. Then Harry performed his first prison escape, in Chicago in 1898. harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison, and he invited the local newspapermen to watch.
It was the publicity that came from this the started Hayyr Houdini’s success.
Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape from ankle chains. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luckand a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, passed quickly from her mouth to his.
Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. he arranged to escape from the local jail of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be f
——初三英语阅读理解 40句菁华
1、Tom calls Zip "the keep dog"because ______.
2、What made the shoe strange was ______.
3、The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_____"
4、We can know from the reading that the dog _____.
5、An old lady had _________ .
6、A. She didn’t want to ________ .
7、Bob and Jim once worked in different factories.
8、Jim paid back the money to Bob and went to work in another town later.
9、I'm not like my brother because I like to go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning.
10、My mother often has to go upstairs and pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up.
11、From the story we know that when _________come, there is a heavy rain.
12、The best title (标题)for this passage is ________.
13、A man came to visit the boy's father on ________.
14、What was burnt? ___________.
15、"What's the matter?" "I went to a party last night, so I…"
16、"I feel so tired these days."" I think you'd better…"
17、From the passage we can infer (推断) that guessing is _______in learning a foreign language.
18、the tow farmers had to sell their apples at a low price because ________.
19、When the children are older, they __________.
20、During Step 2 of the experiment, the bees go to ________.
21、Satellites travel _____________.
22、If they _________, the teams will play on January 1.
23、The word in the story that means a river of ice is __________.
24、The story says, “The snow did not melt. It became deep and heavy”. The word it means ____.
25、Latin was used by people in _____.
26、The story says, “People do not talk to each other in Latin today. But they still use many Latin words,” The word they means ________.
27、The main idea of the whole story is that ________.
28、Which of the following does this story lead to believe?
29、It is clear that they wanted the horses to take them to ____.
30、The story happened ____.
31、When there are black block clouds in the sky, _____.
32、The third farmer came with and said to the other two. He _____.
33、将文中②处划线句子翻译成汉语。
34、Do children worry about poor grammar when they learn to express themselves?
35、As a student, how should you learn language by reading the passage?
36、Penguins ___________.
37、Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguin's decrease in numbers?
38、What's the main idea of the passage?
39、His parents _______let him stay long.
40、One evening Tom asked his mother for_________.
——阅读理解解题技巧(精选10篇)
当他来到当时还是一片繁华的秦淮河上，听到酒家歌女演唱《后庭花》曲，便感慨万千，写下了这首诗。
首句写景，先竭力渲染水边夜色的清淡素雅；二句叙事，点明夜泊地点；三、四句感怀，由 *酒家引出商女之歌，酒家多有歌，自然洒脱；由歌曲之靡靡，牵出不知亡国恨，抨击豪绅权贵沉溺于声色，含蓄深沉；由亡国恨推出后庭花的曲调，借陈后主之诗，鞭笞权贵的荒淫，深刻犀利。这两句表达了较为清醒的封建知识分子对国事怀抱隐忧的心境，又反映了官僚贵族正以声色歌舞、纸醉金迷的生活来填补他们腐朽而空虚的灵魂，而这正是衰败的晚唐现实生活中两个不同侧面的写照。商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱《后庭花》。
《玉树后庭花》据说是南朝陈后主所作的乐曲，被后人称为亡国之音。隔江承上一句亡国恨故事而来，指当年隋兵陈师江北，一江之隔的南朝小朝廷危在旦夕，而陈后主依然沉湎在歌声女色之中，终于被俘亡国。这两句诗从字面上看似乎是批评歌女，而实际上是诗人有感于晚唐国事衰微、世风颓靡的现状，批评那些沉溺于歌舞升*而不知国之将亡的统治者。犹唱二字意味深长，巧妙地将历史、现实和想象中的未来联系起来，表现出诗人对国家命运的关切和忧虑。这首诗写诗人所见所闻所感，语言清新自然，构思精巧缜密。
全诗景、事、情、意融于一炉，景为情设，情随景至。借陈后主的荒亡国讽喻晚唐统治者，含蓄地表达了诗人对历史的深刻思考，对现实的深切忧思。感情深沉，意蕴深邃，被誉为唐人绝句中的精品。这首诗表现了诗人对晚唐统治者的辛辣讽刺以及对国家命运的深切忧虑。这样丰富的内涵、深刻的主题却容纳在短短的28个字之内，这其中的每一个字都凝练至及。诗歌的语言要求精练，只有精练才能含蓄，也只有含蓄才能见得精练。所以含蓄与精练互为表里，相得益彰。这首诗于情景交融的意境中，形象而典型地表现了晚唐的时代气氛，使人从陈后主的荒淫亡国联想到江河日下的晚唐的命运。
总结：委婉含蓄地表达了诗人对历史的深刻思考，对现实的深切忧思，内容深厚，感情深沉，意味无穷，引人深思。
初中语文课本中的白杨礼赞象征的是***领导下的抗日军民和整个中华民族的精神和意志。
白杨礼赞
(一)甲：① 那是。② 它的干③ 它的。④ 它的⑤ 它的⑥ 这是⑦ 哪怕
乙：让那些-----我要高声赞美白杨树!
1、 选择甲段层次分析正确的一项( )
A、①② | ③④⑤ | ⑥⑦ B、① | ②③④⑤ | ⑥⑦
C. ①②③ | ④⑤ | ⑥⑦ D. ① | ②③④⑤⑥ | ⑦
2、甲文是从哪些方面来描写白杨树外形美的? 写白杨树外形的目的是什么?
3、 甲文中有些地方写白杨树的内在美，请在选文中选出能体现白杨树内在美的词语，
4、甲文中第①句用的修辞方法是什么?它在文中的作用是什么?
5、乙文运用的是什么写法?其作用是什么?
6、 如果把这是虽在北方风雪的压迫下却保持着倔强挺立的一种树句中的虽却
两字去掉，表达效果好不好?为什么?请简要回答
1、B2、干、枝、叶、皮。为下文由树及人，点明象征意义作了很好的铺垫。3.倔强挺立、努力向上、不折不挠 4. 拟人，总写白杨树外形美 5. 对比 将白杨树和楠木对比，表达了对贱视民众、顽固倒退的人表示愤慨鄙弃之情，突出对白杨树的赞美，深化了主题 6表达效果不好，因为原句将环境恶劣与白杨树的顽强生命力做对照，更能突出白杨树坚强不屈的精神。去掉虽却两字后，减弱了这种效果。
(二)它没有婆娑的姿态----力求上进的精神。
1、选文采用了什么写法?(至少说出两个)
2、联系当时的社会形势，具体阐释白杨树象征的华北*原抗日军民的精神和意志。
3、你如何评价茅盾先生这种直抒胸臆的写法?
1、欲扬先抑，反问加排比，层层深入揭示白杨树的象征意义，展开联想，由赞美树到赞美我们民族的精神和意志，托物言志。2、日寇肆无忌惮地向我敌后抗日根据地进行疯狂扫荡。面对这种严酷的现实，北方军民在***领导下，同心同德，团结一致，进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争，一次次粉碎了日寇的扫荡，巩固和发展了敌后的抗日根据地。3、好，语言铿锵有力，感情强烈浓重，富有感染力。(或不好，读者品味想象的空间少，少了含蓄蕴藉之美。)
(三)阅读《白杨礼赞》第7段，完成下列各题。
1.本段中作者运用了哪些词语来赞美白杨树?
2.文章是如何由树联想到人的?
3.这一部分中连用了四个反问句，这一组反问句的意思是怎么逐步加深的?
1.用七个感性色彩强烈的褒义词语：伟岸正直朴质严肃温和坚强不屈挺拔热情赞美它是树中的伟丈夫。2.以亲切谈心的语气将读者的视线引向积雪初融的高原，连用四个反问句，由树及人，写出了白杨树的象征意义。 3.第一句由树及人的过渡，启发人们深思不应该只觉得它是树。那么，应该觉得它是什么呢?后面三个难道，就由浅人深地写出了它的象征意义。不想到''、不联想到、不更远一点想到等词语就反映了一层比一层深的含义。第二句从白杨树的性格出发，点明白杨树至少象征着朴质、严肃、坚强不屈的北方农民。第三句从白杨树傲然挺立的形象出发，把它象征为在敌后坚强不屈守卫家乡的哨兵。第四句从白杨树的靠紧团结，力求上进的品质出发，把它象征为在***领导下的抗日军民和整个中华民族的精神和意志。感情得到升华，文章达到高潮。
在语文学*中，阅读理解是一个重点，也是一个难点。长期以来，现代文阅读一直困扰着广大中学生，成为制约语文教学质量提高的一个瓶颈。
我们知道，阅读理解题是根据选文出的，即：题从文中来。因此，要解答题目，就必须先熟悉选文理解选文，然后再答题。如果连选文都不了解、不理解，匆忙答题，其解答是缺乏根据的，肯定很不准确。要解答好阅读理解题，首先应该分析题型，把握好。
就题目答案的类型而言，阅读题可分为“背”“抄”“编”三大类：“背”即背答案，就是在答题时把*时积累的记忆性知识一成不变地默写出来即可;“抄”即抄答案，这种题型要到原文中去找现成答案，然后抄录出来;“编”即编答案，这种题能够考察出学生的各种综合能力，难度较大，但只要结合前后文仔细推敲，还是可以“编”出比较准确的答案的。具体操作如下：
第一步：浏览选文，整体感知。先花一点时间粗略地浏览一遍选文，先对文章作感性接触，对文章有个初步的、总体的印象，这样可以避免答题的盲目性和片面性。
第二步：分析语段，把握题型。这是第二遍阅读选文，如果选文是多个自然段，则在领会段意的基础上划出层次，给层次安上小标题，给没有题目的选文安上标题;如果选文只有一个自然段，则要划出段内层次，写出层意。特别要注意文中的中心句和关键性词语。把握题型就是对选文进行细致的分析理解，并且仔细分析各题属于什么类型。
第三步：深入理解，细致答题。深入理解就是对选文中重要词句做深层次的分析领悟，这是做好抄、编的前提。可以从以下几方面入手：A、联系上下文，领悟题目中的深层含义。B、联系选文的立意、主题来理解词句的含义。C、多方面揣摩词句的含义。做到这几点，胸有成竹，才能够准确地答题。不管哪一种类型的题目，答题时一定要紧扣原文，根据选文的具体语言环境进行推敲，“题从文中来，答案文中找”，这是做阅读题的基本原则。
知识拓展：尤其是现在的中考，现代文阅读题全部出自课外，而且占有很大的比重，这就促使我们语文教师格外重视它。
世说新语影响
《世说新语》是中国最早的小说，在此之前，人们都已“三教九流”为代表，不把“小说家”列入其中，认为他是不正经的`家派。可三教九流全是说理的，于是有人便准备写一部小说，此人便是刘义庆。他开创了中国小说界的先河，为后人写小说做出了巨大的贡献。
《世说新语》的语言简约传神，含蓄隽永。正如（明）胡应麟《少室山房笔丛》卷十三所说：“读其语言，晋人面目气韵，恍忽生动，而简约玄澹，真致不穷。”有许多广泛应用的成语便是出自此书，例如：难兄难弟、拾人牙慧、咄咄怪事、一往情深、卿卿我我，等等。
《世说新语》对后世有着十分深刻的影响，不仅模仿它的小说不断出现，而且不少戏剧、小说也都取材于它。
这部分内容选自袁行霈主编《中国文学史》第二卷（高等教育出版社1999年版）。
总结：从这部书的内容来看，全书没有一个统一的思想，既有儒家思想，又有道家思想和佛家思想，可能是出自多人之手，刘义庆招集的文学之士很可能都参加了它的编撰。
诗集《繁星・春水》，为无标题的自由体小诗，以“自然”“童真”与“母爱”为主题，以对母爱与童真的歌颂、对自然的赞颂以及对人生的思考和感悟为主要内容，表达了她对母亲的情感、对孩子的喜爱、对自然的赞叹及对人生的理解，被著名作家茅盾称为繁星格与春水体。
第一，哲理性强是《繁星》和《春水》的一大艺术特点。《繁星》和《春水》中，有许多诗都是蕴含着深刻思想的哲理诗。然而这些深刻的思想往往都是和诗中描绘的具体形象以及诗人深沉的思绪揉合在一起的，因而仍然具备着诗的情绪，有着诗的美感。
第二，纤柔是冰心诗歌的另一个显著特色。冰心的诗，无处不表现出一种女性的纤柔。以她“满蕴着温柔，带着忧愁”的抒情风格，感情深沉浓烈地歌吟着纯真的爱，描绘着大自然的美；同时也以独特的方式表达了对某些社会丑恶现象的谴责。
第三，文字轻柔雅丽，韵律浑然天成，意境优美清新。《繁星》和《春水》中词句的运用，仿佛是信手拈来，处处透露着轻柔雅丽的风格。
老师关于语文复*考试的四个建议：
1、积累运用考准确：积累运用是语文学*的基础，这部分试题大多不难，但要保证答题的准确率却不容易。经验：按老师指导复*，在复*时列出重点课文，熟练背诵，灵活运用，准确默写。在默写过程中把易错易混的名句名词进行归类，不断检测，反复校正记忆。
2、文章阅读考原文：阅读是中考的一个重点，更是难点，现代文阅读答案就在原文里，不要凭空去想，离开了原材料恐怕谁也答不准答不会，准确解答阅读题最重要最有效的方法就是在原文中找答案。
3、文言文考课本：文言文考课本是指课内学过的文言文，因此我们只要掌握一个原则，那就是变文言文为白话文，然后再进行阅读理解，就能巧妙应对所有试题。
4、作文写作考立意：中考作文中，大约有30%的空间用来考查考生的写作立意，因此，要想在中考作文中拿高分，我们就要在*时写作训练中不要停留在写，还要训练“想”的深度。
(一)识字与写字
1．有较强的独立识字能力。累计认识常用汉字3000个左右，其中2500个左右会写。
2．硬笔书写楷书，行款整齐，有一定的速度。
3．能用毛笔书写楷书，在书写中体会汉字的优美。
(二)阅读
1．能用普通话正确、流利、有感情地朗读课文。
2．默读有一定的速度，默读一般读物每分钟不少于300字。学*浏览，扩大知识面，根据需要搜集信息。（调整，原第8条）
3．能借助词典理解词语的意义。能联系上下文和自己的积累，推想课文中有关词句的意思，辨别词语的感情色彩，体会其表达效果。（调整）
4．在阅读中揣摩文章的表达顺序，体会作者的思想感情，初步领悟文章基本的表达方法。在交流和讨论中，敢于提出自己的看法，作出自己的判断。
5．阅读叙事性作品，了解事件梗概，能简单描述自己印象最深的场景、人物、细节，说出自己的喜欢、憎恶、崇敬、向往、同情等感受。阅读诗歌，大体把握诗意，想像诗歌描述的情境，体会诗人的情感。受到优秀作品的感染和激励，向往和追求美好的理想。阅读说明性文章，能抓住要点，了解课文的基本说明方法。
6．在理解课文的过程中，体会顿号与逗号、分号与句号的不同用法。
7．诵读优秀诗文，注意通过诗文的声调、节奏等体味作品的内容和情感。背诵优秀诗文60篇(段)。
8．扩展阅读面。课外阅读总量不少于100万字。（删原第6条：阅读说明性文章，能抓住要点，了解文章的基本说明方法
总结：综合性学*必然突破过去语文教学相对封闭的状态，走出教材，走出课堂，走出校园，在社会环境、自然环境中学语文。
古典小说阶段
古典小说萌芽于先秦，发展于两汉，雏形于魏晋南北朝，形成于唐代，繁荣于宋元，鼎盛于明清。大致可分六个时期。
（1）先秦两汉时期：当时社会出现的神话传说、寓言故事、史传文学成为古典小说叙事的源头。神话传说已经具备人物和情节两个基本因素，散见于诸子百家书中的寓言典故提供了借鉴经验，历史著作有比较完整的结构、人物形象和历史背景。
（2）魏晋南北朝时期：出现了志怪、志人小说。严格意义上说这仍然算不上是小说，只能算是小说的雏形。《世说新语》也是这个时期的优秀作品，里面收集了许多短小精悍的小故事。
（3）唐朝时期：古代小说的发展趋于成熟，形成了独立的文学形式―传奇体小说，由此我国的小说脱离历史领域而成为文学创作。唐代三大爱情传奇是此时期的标志性作品。
（5）宋元时期：商品经济的发展和市井文化的兴起，给小说创作带来深厚的土壤。话本经过文人加工形成许多话本小说和演义小说。
总结： 小说的价值本质是以时间为序列、以某一人物或几个人物为主线的，非常详细地、全面地反映社会生活中各种角色的价值关系政治关系、经济关系和文化关系的产生、发展与消亡过程。
理解文章中心的方法
1、写人是为了表达人物的思想、品质、精神，自己读文章的时候用几个词语通俗的表达一下，提醒自己这几点在回答问题的时候不能忘记写。
2、写事情的文章，主要表达的目的是情理，自己读时要多想几点，尽量考虑周全，从文章中不同的人物身上找情理，站在不同的人物角度思考问题。
3、写景的文章多半是表达自己的情感，对祖国，对家乡……的爱或者怀念。
4、寓言、童话多半是说明一个道理，一定藏在文中，自己要好好领悟。
5、诗歌阅读多半抒情，自己看看作者是向谁抒情，根据不同的对象抒发什么样的情感，表达要清楚。
6、说明的阅读多半是提醒我们该怎么做，日后要注意什么，要考虑多一些。
一、巧妙借助“原话”，确定解题空间
在通读全文的基础上，将要回答的问题放到阅读的文章中来，再去浏览所要回答的试题，经过初步的思考，确定解决问题的阅读空间。有些试题它要求用文中原话来回答，我们就可以用文中的原话来作答，这时就可以“从文章中直接提取信息”来回答问题。
如果它没有明确要求用文中的原话来作答，我们也可以“从文章中直接提取信息”来回答问题。如若它指定必需要使用学生自己的话来回答的话，我们也可以让学生将文中的原话加以翻译，再换言之。力求挖掘原句子的隐含信息和深层含义。有些题目则需要结合全文内容，挖掘句子的隐含信息，经过缜密的思考，寻求完美的答案。
语文试题的开放性要求试题答案能，自圆其说，答案最佳。汉语词汇如此丰富，感情色彩如此浓烈，因此在阅读的时候，要仔细认真、深入分析，回答问题时，对于遣词造句要仔细揣摩、反复推敲，根据不同体裁的特点，不同的语境，要准确的使用词语。
二、选择适当方法，答题力求言之有理
在做阅读理解题时还是有一定方法可寻的，我们在教学时可指导学生根据不同类型的题目，选择不同的方法来解答。我这里大致总结为4种。
1、置于语境。即将问题放在上下文中思考。此方法适用于“理解词义；理解含义深刻句子；找近义词、反义词体验情景等。
2、体验情景。就是让学生与作者进行角色互换，站在作者的立场上思考问题并做出回答。此方法特适用于问答以及体会作者的思想感情等题目。
3、联系生活。即从文本中跳出来，把思维的范围再扩大，想想与此有联系的东西：如学过的课文、知识的积累、生活经验是否可帮助自己解题。此方法特别适用于谈自自己的感想、体会或者理解含义深刻的句子类题目。
4、结合中心。这是解答阅读题最不能忽视的一种方法。从文章中心出发来思考每一个问题，答案就有了落脚点。
一般来说，“置于语境”是最基本的思考方法，遇到题目首先考虑运用这种方法思考；在运用置于语境的方法仍然无法解答时可用“情景体验”这种方法来思考；如果运用前几种方法仍无法解出题目，就可运用“联系生活实际”这种方法来思考问题，以求得到比较准确的答案；“结合中心”是思考问题时时常都不能忽略的方法，只有结合中心来思考问题，回答才会对路子。
所谓“言之有理”就是让学生根据问题能够说一个所以然来，能说一个道道来，或谓之“自圆其说”。只要学生言之有据，持之有理，就可以酌情得分了。同时学生要注意组织规范语言答题，认真书写。答案基本考虑成熟之后，还需要注意一下表述的语言。语言简洁明了，能达到事半功倍的效果；重复罗嗦，不得要领，往往会出力不讨好。在答题之后，如果时间允许，要重读全文内容，充满信心地进行复查。所有答案全部做完后，携带阅读理解的成果回归原文，检查答题有无疏漏，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，对照各题目推测判断，确保无误。
本文的基本思路是：先说云的作用，再说云和天气的关系，最后说明看云识天气的目的。
天上的云，真是姿态万千，变化无常。它们有的像羽毛，轻轻地飘在空中；有的像鱼鳞，一片片整整齐齐地排列着；有的像羊群，来来去去；有的像一床大棉被，严严实实地盖住了天空；还有的像峰峦，像河流，像雄狮，像奔马它们有时把天空点缀得很美丽，有时又把天空笼罩得很阴森。刚才还是白云朵朵，阳光灿烂；一霎间却又是乌云密布，大雨倾盆。云就像是天气的招牌：天上挂什么云，就将出现什么样的天气。
经验告诉我们：天空的薄云，往往是天气晴朗的象征；那些低而厚密的云层，常常是阴雨风雪的预兆。
那最轻盈、站得最高的云，叫卷云。这种云很薄，阳光可以透过云层照到地面，房屋和树木的光与影依然很清晰。卷云丝丝缕缕地飘浮着，有时像一片白色的羽毛，有时像一块洁白的绫纱。如果卷云成群成行地排列在空中，好像微风吹过水面引起的鳞波，这就成了卷积云。卷云和卷积云都很高，那里水分少，它们一般不会带来雨雪。还有一种像棉花团似的白云，叫积云。它们常在两千米左右的天空，一朵朵分散着，映着灿烂的阳光，云块四周散发出金黄的光辉。积云都在上午出现，午后最多，傍晚渐渐消散。在晴天，我们还会偶见一种高积云。高积云是成群的扁球状的云块，排列很匀称，云块间露出碧蓝的天幕，远远望去，就像草原上雪白的羊群。卷云、卷积云、积云和高积云，都是很美丽的。
总结：掌握文本中使用的拟人、比喻、排比等的修辞方法。本文说明云的形态变化、光彩现象同天气变化的关系。
他的创造性劳动及成果也体现了人类智慧的无穷魅力。如果一个人遭遇困境，而无人解救就必须学会乐观地去改变现状，而这需要像鲁滨逊那样有惊人的毅力和百折不挠的精神，遇到困难我们不能低头，而是要坚强的与命运作斗争，在逆境中成长，用自己的智慧与勇气逆转困境，这是我们阅读完小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》所能体会到的。
《鲁滨逊漂流记》属于我国读者最熟知的外国文学名著。青年作家贾飞盛赞，称这部小说相当于一部发财日记，在那个特殊的时代，作者在作品充斥着浓厚的资产阶级思想。书里有不少论述，影响着读者去追求经济价值。他认为，该小说是一部具有投资思想的经济书，从中读者可以学会如何在恶劣的环境中如何投资发财，收取利润与汇报。当然，作者也从另一方面反映了一个时代的历史现状。
诚然，人们不一定都读过这本书，但是对这个书名却是很熟悉的，对其内容也大致知道一些，特别是他只身在孤岛上艰苦奋斗的情况。其实，能这样被人熟知也非常自然。因为在浩如烟海的书籍中，这部小说是举世公认的最严格意义上的不朽杰作，被认为是塑造了现代文明、影响了人类历史的不多几种文学作品之一。据介绍，到十九世纪末，该书的各种版本、译本以及仿作已不下七百种之多。之所以能够这样吸引人，主要是由于这本书讲的是一个现实中不可能发生的故事，然而这故事听起来却非常有现实感，而我们听故事的人绝大多数同鲁滨孙一样。
总结：鲁滨孙具有矛盾的性格，具有在各种逆境中求生或改善自己生活的愿望，以及或多或少地具有把这种愿望化为现实的勇气和手段，也就是说，我们每个人的心里都有着一个鲁滨逊。
1、细节题解题技巧
细节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细节而设置的试题。细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案（此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换）。
（1）、 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
（2）、 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯。
2、推理题解题技巧
推断题定义：在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得到文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。
出现特征：在考题中经常出现的词有infer， im***， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
3、主旨大意题解题技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法：
（1）、 要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
（2） 、再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
（3）、 要注意题目是否过大或者过小
（4） 、要避免下列三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）、过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）、以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
4、词义句意题解题技巧
要求考生通过阅读上下文，结合中学生应有的赏识来推测尚不熟悉的词或者词组的意思。出现特征：划线或者引号
解题方法：根据上下文，往往是本句中的同位关系进行猜测。
5、结构顺序题解题技巧
解题思路：
（1） 、注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，
（2） 、找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。
（3）、 最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。
这篇课文写老王的几个生活片断。老王一辈子很苦。靠一辆破旧的三轮车活命。“**”期间载客的三轮车被取缔，他的生计就更加窘迫，只能凑合着打发日子。
这篇写人记事的散文，材料琐碎，但是经过作者的组织，成为一个有机整体。作者是怎样组织的？
研究这个问题，可以先列提纲，再探究为什么这样安排。可以看出，作者是兼用逻辑顺序和时间顺序来编排的。开头四段先写老王的三点基本情况。这三点是按逻辑顺序安排的。一是职业，这是老王的谋生手段，二是生理缺陷，这是老王谋生的困难，三是居住条件，这是前两点的结果，收入少，当然生活苦。下面三段，按时间顺序，回忆老王的工作与为人，两个片断写他为人好，一个片断写“**”时期，他的生计越来越艰难。最后一个片断，是老王离世前一天的事情，最能见出老王心地善良。
除段落安排有序之外，还应该探究贯穿全文的线索。可以看出，作者是以与老王的交往为线索的。坐老王的三轮，一路说说闲话，作者*易*人，老王也肯把身世相告。写老王眼疾，说到女儿给他大瓶鱼肝油，可见一家人对老王很照顾。老王对钱家也好，在服务费上双方总是非常客气。三轮改*板三轮，没法坐了，作者还是很关心老王，对老王有好处，所以老王总觉得欠了一笔人情，在生命最后的日子也要表示感谢。以彼此交往为线索，全文一脉相承，成为一个有机的整体。
是一个善良的人.老王的'善良也有许多表现
⑴送冰：送的冰比前任大一倍冰价相等，愿意车费半价，始终没有看透或者想到要去算计好欺负的主顾。
⑵送钱先生看病不要钱，体谅他们的困难。
⑶为一个愿意坐他车的主顾装半寸高的边缘。
⑷满怀诀别意味地去送鸡蛋和香油，却不会表达。
总结：通过这些细节的捕捉，我们可以肯定他一定不是像有些人说的那样"因为不老实害了什么恶病而瞎的"。老王是一个忠厚而不幸的底层劳动者。作者说她“愧怍”，也体现了杨绛的好心肠，以及人人*等的观念。也呼吁关怀不幸者。
初中语文阅读理因果式组合段落
下面是对语文阅读理解题目因果式答题的学*，希望给同学们的学*很好的帮助哦。
因果式
按照事物的原因、结果的关系表达意思的自然段,叫因果式小段.包括先因后果和先果后因两种情况.
例如《莫泊桑拜师》第一个自然段:莫泊桑是19世纪法国著名作家.他从小酷爱写作,孜孜不倦地写下了许多作品,但这些作品都**常常,没有什么特色.//莫泊桑焦急万分,于是,他去拜法国文学大师福楼拜为师.
这一段段意可概括为莫泊桑早年写作**,所以他拜福楼拜为师.
以上是先因后果,再举一例先果后因.
《真情的回报》最后一个自然段"骑上这辆崭新的自行车送报快多了.当然,我从没想学会在马路上扔报纸的'绝活',依旧下车把报纸送到每家门口;下雨下雪天,依旧把报纸送进门里.因为我永远记住了:诚实的劳动,换来的是难忘的关怀和爱意."
这一段前面是结果后面说明原因,从而突出了原因,点明了课题的含义.
以上对语文阅读理解题目因果式答题技巧的讲解学*，相信可以很好的帮助同学们的答题，希望同学们认真完成阅读理解题目的知识。
初中语文阅读理解转折式组合段落
下面是对语文阅读理解题目转折式答题的学*，希望给同学们的学*很好的帮助哦。
转折式
全段分两部分,前后两部分意思转折,常用"但是、可是、而"等转折词分开.
例如《灰椋鸟》第一自然段."早就听说林场的灰椋鸟多.我想,灰椋鸟尖尖的嘴,灰灰的背,远远望去黑乎乎的,有什么好看的呢?可是一个偶然的机会,我看了关于灰椋鸟的电视录像,就再也忍不住了,决定亲自去看一看."
这一段可概括为:原以为灰椋鸟没什么好看的,可是自从看了关于灰椋鸟的电视录像,我决定去看看.有时,前后两部分内容间没有转折词,但其中的转折关系仍显而易见.
如《烟台的海》第一个自然段:中国的沿海城市,东面或南面临海的居多,北面临海的却很少.烟台恰是北面临海.所以便有了一份独特的海上景观.
这一段前后两句问虽无转折词,然转折关系一读便知.
转折式自然段,一般抓转折后的内容概括段意.上面这段可概括为由于烟台是我国少数北面临海的城市之一,所以便有了一份独特的海上景观.
通过上面对阅读理解转折式答题技巧的方式讲解学*，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握了吧，希望同学们都能考试成功。
初中语文阅读理解总分式组合段落
对于阅读理解总分式组合自然段的方法，希望同学们认真看看下面的讲解内容。
总分式
先总述后分述或先概括叙述后具体叙述,也包括先总述再分述最后总结以及先分述再总结.
如《爷爷的芦笛》第1自然段.在强强的相象里,爷爷的小闸屋是个好玩的地方:碧蓝碧蓝的海水就踩在脚下.白天,成群的海鸟在窗外翱翔;夜晚,天上的星星映在海水中,如千万点萤火闪闪烁烁.更有趣的是,海水长着一大片一大片的芦苇.一张普普通通的苇叶,经爷爷三折两卷,就成了一支芦笛.吹奏起来,曲调是那样婉转悠扬,还带着一股浓浓的海水味…….这一段先总述爷爷的小闸屋是个好玩的地方,再具体描绘周围景色之美、芦笛曲调动听.
再如《夹竹桃》第三个自然段.先总述我们家常见的花应有尽有,再分述春、夏、秋三季花儿依次开放的景象,最后总结园子里一年三季,花开花落,万紫千红的盛景.
通过上面对总分式组合自然段方法的内容讲解学*，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握。
初中语文阅读理解并列式组合段落
对于阅读理解并列式组合自然段的方法，希望同学们认真看看下面的讲解内容。
并列式
在一段话中,分别写几种事物的几个方面,它们层与层之间的关系是并列存在的.
例如《精读与泛读》第五自然段:如果面对一大堆读物,我们可以将每本书的内容提要、前言、章节目录等很快地从头到尾看一遍,这样就能大致了解每本书的梗概、特点及应用范围等.//对一本读物来说,可以几段几段地粗读,也可以几页几页地翻阅,而不必逐一探究某个字、词或句子的意思.俗话说的"一目十行",就是指这种走马观花式的快速阅读方法.
这一段前后两部分分别介绍了面对许多读物和一本读物时不同的读书方法.前后显然是并列并系的.
通过上面对并列式组合自然段方法的内容讲解学*，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握。
初中语文阅读理解顺承式组合段落
对于阅读理解顺承式组合自然段的方法，希望同学们认真看看下面的讲解内容。
顺承式
即按事情或动作的先后顺序表达.
例如:7月27日凌晨两点,九江赛城湖的大堤塌陷了.//400多名官兵闻讯赶到.支队长一声令下:"上!"顿时,一条长龙在崩塌的堤坝下出现了.官兵们肩扛沉重的沙包,在泥水中来回穿梭.有的为了行走快捷,索性赤脚奔跑起来.嶙峋的片儿石割破了脚趾,他们全然不顾,心中只有一个念头:"大堤,保住大堤!"//狂风卷着巨浪,猛烈地撕扯着堤岸.战士们高声喊道:"狂风为我们呐喊!暴雨为我们助威!巨浪为我们加油!"一个个奋勇跳入水中,用自己的血肉之躯筑起了一道人墙.//经过几个小时的鏖战,大堤保住了,官兵们浑身上下却是伤痕累累."风声雨声涛声,声声震耳;雨水汗水血水,水水相融."这是人民子弟兵在这场惊心动魄的大决战中的真实写照.
这一自然段共有四层意思,把四层意思归纳起来概括段意:
当九江赛城湖大堤塌陷时,官兵们闻讯赶到,扛沙包,筑人墙,终于保住了大堤.
通过上面对顺承式组合自然段方法的内容讲解学*，相信同学们已经能很好的掌握。
这里说的山市，跟海市一样，是一种因折光反射而形成的自然景象。
1、悬念起笔本文开篇就点明奂山山市，邑八景之一也。引起读者极大兴趣，想了解其中的奥秘，可是作者笔锋一转然数年恒不一见，又给山市增添了一些神秘的气氛，读者的好奇心被强烈的激发了。
2、融情入景以情衬景。作者在描写时，是通过孙禹年及其朋友的眼睛来描写山市奇景的。孙禹年在与朋友饮酒时，忽然看见远处奂山山峰上出现了隐隐约约的高耸的孤塔，他们不禁相顾而疑，因为此处根本就没有寺院，哪来的孤塔呢？这种强烈的惊奇、迷惑的情绪，既是对离奇的山市景色一种烘托，又是感染读者的一种媒介。作者在描述的过程中融入了这种情绪，一步步吸引读者，去揭开山市的秘密。文中伴随着惊异的情绪波动，层层展开描写，使山市的每一景物，每一次变幻都给人以新奇的感觉。接着，孤塔旁又出现了数十所华丽的宫殿，直到此时，作者才点明了始悟为山市。孙某及其朋友由惊疑而悟。伴随着悟而来的应该是轻松、释然的心情，集中精神观赏难得一见的山市奇观。
总结：它美丽而又奇特，然而好几年也难得出现一次，只有少数幸运儿在偶尔的机缘里能够见到它，而绝大多数人只能望而兴叹。
一、文章阅读策略：
(1)边阅读边勾画。注意副词、代词与关联词。比如“可能”、“基本”、“主要”等词语。
(2)边阅读边归纳。每读完一段，边归纳出段意。文章读完，文章的基本结构便总结出来。
(3)标出文章中揭示主旨的句子。
(4)阅读题目，找出选择肢相对应的区域。划出选项对应的区域，标出1A1B等字样，比对原文与选项的内容。
(5)比对过程中，将题干中否定陈述转换为肯定陈述。有“根据”“证据”“原因”等字样的题干，选项与题干之间要能构成因果关系。将称代内容替代称代词，使称代词与称代内容保持一致。将选项与文章内容逐字逐词逐句进行比较、对照。推导的选项要在原文中找到根据，要有前因后果。注意未然与已然、原因与结果、先与后、夸大与缩小、部分与全体的区别。可能出现无中生有;偷换概念;以偏概全;答非所问;因果倒置;强加因果;夸大其辞;随意逆推;篡改文义等错误。
(6)选择分析概括作者在文中的观点态度
即作者对某具体事物的主观倾向，或赞同或反对，或喜爱或憎恶，带有鲜明的个人主观色彩。其表述因文体而有差异。有的直接说出，有的则分散在字里行间，若隐若现。在具体的分析概括时，首先要抓住文体特点，其次，要抓住一些标志性词句，如“认为”、“觉得”和一些主旨句等。必须从整体上把握文章的内容、思想、主题。
分析的具体做法是：①统观全文，筛选出能直接体现作者观点和态度的句子;②从材料的中心内容入手来分析作者的观点和态度;③从作品的表达方式入手来分析作者的观点和态度。
二、选择题的解答方法(答题提示：选项和原文的严格对应关系，选项与题干的关系，(选项不在题干范围之内)选项的内容是原文中没有的，此三者是你选择正确答案的保证。)
1、词语理解题
辨明检索区间，确定对应语句。联系上下文体会，要死抠字眼。对词语的解说要抓住本质。将解释的含意放在被解释的词语处，看上下文是否连贯、恰当。寻求称代词与称代内容的联系，将称代的内容代入原文理解。联系全文的倾向性，检查该解释是否与全文保持一致。
2、句子理解题
理清复杂句子的结构关系，适当作些句子成分的分析。其次要对修饰成分认真思考，这是选项比较的重点。找出文中相对应的阐释，与选项逐字逐句对照、比较。分析原因和结果的'关系。分辨先后顺序。检查该选项的解释与全文或全段的倾向性是否一致。
如果是判断句子正误，要明确此类题目是在玩文字游戏，命题者改造原文设置错部分定语或状语(复句的部分分句)，从而改变句意。
(1)设误的常用五种方法：添：添加定语或状语，删：删除句子而改变句意。换：换用别的的词语代替，造成似是而非。调：调换词语或句子顺序，从而改变句意。凑：将意义有关或无关的几个词语(句子)杂糅凑合而造成错误。
(2)仔细辨别干扰项逻辑错误,特别关注选项中处于定语或状语位置的类似词语是否等值转换：
一偷换概念：通过漏字，添字，改字，换序等方法扩大、缩小或转移概念。尤要注意代词的指代。
二以偏概全：以部分代整体(或相反),以个别代一般(或相反)，以特殊代普遍。重点关注：
a表数量多少的词语(少数，部分，几个，大多数);b表范围大小的词语(凡，全，都，所有;部分等);c表程度轻重的词语(特别，十分，稍微等);d表频率高低的词语(通常，总是;有时，偶尔等)
三混淆时态：(已然与未然)已经，曾经，过去;现在，目前;将要，尚未等
四混淆模态：(可能与必然)一定，必将;可能，估计，如果，未必等
五正话反说：即肯定和否定颠倒。
六顺序错乱：时间先后错位，逻辑事理先后错位，空间位置错乱。
七颠倒因果：“因”与“果”错位;或“条件”与“结果”错位。
八强加因果：即两件事无因果关系，却强行说成有因果关系。
九无中生有：即原文无此信息。有些选项中的内容信息原文中可能根本就没有。所以要仔细判断。
十答非所问：即选项回答的不是题干中的问题，或没有答全题干中问题的几层意思。
——初三英语阅读理解实用10份
An old lady in a plane had a blanket(毯子)over her head and she did not want to take it off . The air hostess spoke to her， but the old lady said， “I have never been in a plane before ， and I am frightened. I am going to keep this blanket over my head until we are back on the ground again !”
Then the captain came. He said， “Madam， I am the captain of this plane. The weather is fine， there are no clouds in the sky， and everything is going very well. ”But she continued to hide.
So the captain turned and started to go back. Then the old lady looked out from under the blanket with one eye and said， “I am sorry， young man， but I don’t like planes and I am never going to fly again. But I’ll say one thing， ”She continued kindly， “You and your wife keep your plane very clean!”
1. An old lady had _________ .
A. glasses B. a blanket over her head C. a coat D. a basket
2. A. She didn’t want to ________ .
A. take it off B. turn it off C. get on D. talk about it
3. _________ spoke to her .
A. The air hostess B. The man next to her C. her husband D. one of her friends
4. The old lady had never been _________ before .
A. abroad B. home C. in a plane D. in hospital
5. The woman didn’t like planes and she was never going ________ .
A. to fly again B. to travel C. to go abroad D. to go home
答案：
1-5 BAACA
To find out whether bees(蜜蜂)can see colours, the following experiment is made. A round table is put in a garden, and on the table is a piece of blue cardboard(硬纸版)with a drop of syrup(糖浆)on it. After a short time, bees come to the syrup. The bees then fly to their hive(蜂房)and give the syrup to other bees in the hive. Then they return to the feeding-place which they have found. After a while, the blue cardboard with the syrup on it is taken away. Instead of this card, a blue card is now put on the left side of the first feeding-place and a red card to its right. These new cards have no syrup on them. Very soon bees arrive again, and fly straight to the blue card. None go to the red card.
Picture 1
1. How many cards do you need to prepare for the experiment?
A. Two: one blue and one red
B. Three: two blue and one red
C. Three: one blue and two red
D. Four: two blue and two red
2. If Picture 1 below shows the table top during Step 1 of the experiment, which of A, B, C, D in Picture 2 shows the table top during Step 2?
Picture 2
3. During Step 2 of the experiment, the bees go to ________.
A. the blue card with syrup on it
B. the new blue card with no syrup on it
C. the empty space where the original(原先的)blue card was
D. the new blue card with syrup on it on the left of the red card
4. The experiment has proved(证明)that bees ________.
A. cannot see colors B. can see colors
C. can not see blue D. cannot see red
5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Bees Love Blue B. Bees Love Syrup
C. Bees, Color and Syrup D. Can Bees See Color?
Keys: 1-5 BCBBD
Uncle Li and Uncle Wang are good friends. They live next to each other and their farms are both at the foot of the mountain. So they can help each other. But neither of them likes to use his head. They're both poor though they work hard. Most villagers have built new houses, but they still live in the low and broken houses. They never find out why.
Once Uncle Li went to town to buy some medicine for his wife. In the town he heard the apples in a city were expensive. He told Uncle Wang about it as soon as he went back. They decided to carry some apples to the city. They borrowed some money from their friends and bought nearly 1,000 kilograms of apples in the villages and carried them to the city on a tractor. Bad luck! A lot of apples has already been carried there when they arrived. A few days later they had to sell them at a low price (价格)。They felt unhappy and returned to their village.
"I can't understand why we sustained (蒙受) losses in business while others always profit (盈利)" Uncle Li asked one day.
"The tractor was too small " Uncle Wang said without thinking. "We'll carry more apples on a truck next time!"
"I agree!" said Uncle Li. "How foolish (傻的) we were !"
1. Uncle Li and Uncle Wang live in the low and broken houses because __________.
A. they hope to save money
B. they're both poor
C. their farms are at the foot of the mountain
D. they're not far from their farms
2. The two farmers carried the apples to the city to _________.
A. make a journey B. visit some places of interest
C. meet their friends D. make a profit
3. the tow farmers had to sell their apples at a low price because ________.
A. theirs weren't as good as the others'
B. theirs were much less than the others'
C. a lot of apples had been already carried to the city
D. they forgot to carry them on a truck
4. Uncle Li and Uncle Wang were unhappy because _________.
A. they had sustained losses in business
B. they had lost some money in the city
C. something was wrong with the tractor
D. other people profited in the city
5. Which of the following is true?
A. The two farmers found out why they were poor.
B. The two farmers will soon get rich.
C. Neither of the farmers is clever.
D. The two farmers decided to buy a truck.
KEY: BDCAC
My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasn't wonderful，but we had everything we needed (beds，blankets，food)，and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.
On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends，Kevin and Simon，while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didn't know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.
We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors，but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves(岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in，but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud，we were pleased and excited by what we'd done.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. The writer spent the Saturday morning _____.
A. rock-climbing
B. sleeping
C. meeting friends
D. caving
2. There were _____ members in all in the writer's group.
A. 6 B. 8 C. l0 D. 12
3. We can learn from the passage that _____.
A. some of the group had been there before
B. the group had done rock-climbing many times
C. some of the group already knew each other
D. group all came from the same city
4. The write thought her weekend was _____.
A. interesting B. relaxing
C. frightening D. unpleasant
5. This passage mainly talks about ____.
A. the writer's friends at the Activity Centre
B. the writer's experience at the Activity Centre
C. outdoor sports at the Activity Centre
D. how to go rock-climbing and caving
“Who has more questions, a teacher or a student?”About this question a great learned man told his student that nobody does but a teacher.
The student got puzzled. With a smile, the teacher drew two circles(圆). Within(在……里面)the larger one is my knowledge of things, and within the smaller one is yours. Out of the circles is still unknown to both of us. Since mine is larger, as you can see, the line that marks out the circle is longer. That makes it clear that who has more chances(机会)to face something still unknown.
1. The great learned man believed that ________.
A. a teacher has more questions
B. a student has more questions
C. both a teacher and a student have questions
D. everyone, except a teacher, has more questions
2. The student thought that ________.
A. a student’s knowledge is less than his teacher’s because it comes from the teacher
B. a teacher can not necessarily answer all the questions his students ask
C. those who have less knowledge have more questions
D. anyone who learns more has more questions
3. At the end of the story, the great learned man concluded(推断)that ________.
A. a student should learn from his teacher
B. a teacher does not have so many questions as his student
C. a student knows more than his teacher
D. a teacher has more chances to face what he doesn’t know
4. Which of the following topics can NOT express the idea of the story?
A. You Will Never Learn Enough
B. A Teacher and His Student
C. There Is No Limit to Knowledge
D. One Is Never Too Old to Learn
5. We can often find such an article in ________.
A. the Palace Museum B. any book
C. a newspaper of magazine D. An encyclopedia(百科全书)
Keys: 1-5 ACDBA
As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins（企鹅）may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins have decreased(减少) by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America，New Zealand，Australia and South Africa. Mary live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly，but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾).
The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the sup*** of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce(繁殖). Besides，many adult penguins die of hunger.
Widespread(广泛的) fishing，exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏) also make penguins be in danger. Poisonous organisms(生物) in ocean water are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies，including wild dogs，sharks，seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad，however. Several years ago，oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
1. Penguins ___________.
A. can swim better than fly
B. can be found near Oceania (大洋洲)
C. eat fish only
D. live only in cold waters.
2. Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguin's decrease in numbers?
A. Oil searching. B. Widespread fishing.
C. Human's killing. D. Warming of the oceans.
3. Why are the penguins in South Africa reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking?
A. Because people removed the ship.
B. Because people sent a lot of penguins to the wild.
C. Because people helped the penguins.
D. Because people treated the penguins well.
答案及解析：
1. 选B，我们知道企鹅不会飞，因此A不正确，除了吃鱼，他还吃磷虾，因此C不正确。只能选B。
2. 选C，本文中并没有说人类是如何捕杀企鹅，相反，人类对企鹅的态度相当友好。
3. 选C，根据文章可以判断是由于人类的帮助。
Bob and Jim once worked in the same factory. One day, Bob lent Jim ten dollars, but then Jim left his work and went to work in another town without paying back the money.
Bob didn't see Jim for a year, and then he knew from another friend that Jim was in another town and staying at a hotel. So he went there to see him late in the evening.
When he got to Jim's room, he saw his shoes near the door. "Well, he must be in," he thought, and knocked again, and said, "I know you are in, Jim. Your shoes are out here."
"I've gone out in my boots," answered Jim.
True or False
1. Bob and Jim once worked in different factories.
2. One day Jim borrowed ten dollars from Bob.
3. Jim paid back the money to Bob and went to work in another town later.
4. Bob hadn't seen Jim for a year when he learned that Jim was in another town.
Key: 1-4 F T F T
A Leg Walking Right
Here are some signs + - x…, the signs are very different. They mean very different things. When you see them, you know what to do. This sign + means that you will add some numerals. This sign―means that you will take one numeral away from another. You will subtract(减去). What will you do when you see x and… ?
Our signs are easy to read. They are easy signs to remember. Look at these two signs… .The ancient Egyptians used these signs. A picture of a leg walking to the left told them to add some numerals. A picture of a leg walking to the right told them to subtract.
In the 1500s people used this printed(印刷的) sign & to add numerals. After a while the sign began to look like this… .Later, the sign became +.
How much is 2…2?
1. What do you do when you see this sign +?
A. Walk away B. Write a numeral C. Read a sign D. Add
2. The word in the story that means to take one numeral away from another is _____.
3. The story says, “Our signs are easy to read. They are easy signs to remember”. The word they means ______.
4. Which of the following does this story lead to believe?
A. Egyptians could not add numerals together
B. All Egyptians had two left legs.
C. Our signs are not hard to understand
5. What did the sign to add numerals begin to look like(which sentence is exactly like the one in your book)?
A. After a while, the sign began to look like this… .
B. After a while, the sign began to look like this +.
C. After a while, the sign began to look like this &.
6. The main idea of the whole story is that ______.
A. the signs for adding and subtracting have changed.
B. People could not write in the 1500s
C. the old signs were good for Egyptians but not for us
Key: 1.D 2.substract 3.signs 4.C 5.A 6.A
In almost every big university(大学)in the United States, football is a favourite sport. American football is different. Players sometimes kick the ball, but they also throw the ball and run with it. They try to take it to the other end of the field. They have four chances(机会)to move the ball ten yards(码). They can carry it or they can throw it. If they move the ball ten yards, they can try to move it another ten yards. If they move it to the end of the field, they receive six points(点).
It is difficult to move the ball. Eleven men on the other team try to stop the man with the ball. If he does not move the ball ten yards, his team kicks the ball the other team.
Each university wants its own team to win. Many thousands of people come to watch. They all shout for their favourite team.
Young men and women come on the field to help the people shout more. They dance and jump while they shout.
Each team plays ten or eleven games each season.
The season begins in September and ends in November. If a team is very good, it may play another game after the season ends. The best teams play again on January 1, the first day of the New Year. Many people go to see these games and many others watch them on TV.
1. The passage talks about ___________.
A. football B. how to play football
C. American sports D. American football
2. We can _______ the football in both American football and Chinese football.
A. kick B. throw C. run with D. catch
3. Why is it difficult to move the ball? Because ___________.
A. ten yards is a long way
B. many men on the other team try not to let the ball come near
C. the playing field is very large
D. eleven men have to catch the ball one by one
4. If they _________, the teams will play on January 1.
A. receive six points
B. play eleven games in the season
C. are the best teams
D. move the ball to the end of the field
5. Many people come to watch football and they want their team to win. Which of the following is not their act?
A. Jumping B. Dancing C. Crying D. Shouting
Keys: 1-5 DABCC
Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife， "I'm going to fly to New York next week because I've got some work there." "Where are you going to stay there?" his wife asked. "I don't know yet." Dick answered. "Please send me your address from there in a telegram (电报)，" his wife said. "All right，" Dick answered.
He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it.
In the evening he didn't have any work， so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine o'clock and said， "Now I'm going back to my hotel and have a nice dinner."
He found a taxi (出租车) and the driver said， "Where do you want to go?" But Dick didn't remember the name and address of his hotel.
"Which hotel are my things in?" he said， "And what am I going to do tonight?" But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram， and in it he wrote， "Please send me my address at this post office."
Choose the right answer
1. Dick flew to New York because ___.
A. he went there for a holiday B. he had work there
C. he went there for sightseeing (观光) D. his home was there
2. Why did his wife want a telegram from him?
A. Because she didn't know his address yet B. Because she wanted to go to New York， too
C. Because she might send him another telegram
D. Because she couldn't leave her husband by himself in New York
3. Where did Dick stay in New York?
A. In the center of the city. B. In a hotel.
C. In a restaurant. D. At his friend's house.
4. Who would send him the name and address of his hotel?
A. The manager (经理) of his hotel. B. The police office.
C. The taxi driver. D. His wife.
5. Which of the following is not true?
A. Dick stayed at a nice hotel in the center of the city.
B. Dick didn't work on the first night of his arrival.
C. Dick forgot to send his wife a telegram.
D. Dick wanted to go back to his hotel in a taxi.
答案：
1-5 B A B D C
——高考英语阅读理解解题技巧(5)份
1无中生有：
顾名思义，就是文章中没有写，但题支中却出现了。绝大多数情况下，这种题支就是是错误的，因为文章没有提及。这种考题较常见于简单的模拟考试、出题简单的省份。但是有2种情况下是正确的：推理的+归纳的，具体解释见第三部分“正确答案的特征”。
例如：13年全国卷中，A篇阅读理解中，A答案关键词含“like flying”，而文中根本未提到like,就连近义词enjoy/love等都没有;D答案中关键词“quick learners ”，对应的句子中就没有提及quick，就连同义词fast/rapid都没出现，同理C答案也一样。所以遇到这种无中生有的答案可以：直接判为错误答案!
2超前判断：
所谓超前判断指的是文章中还没有得出结果，明确得出结论，在题支中就得出了结论/结果，弄错时态，把现在的说成将来的，把过去的说成现在的，把将来完成的说成现在完成的，把可能的说成已经的等不一而足。当然别把它和推理出来的答案搞混了，推理归纳的见后面详解。
例如：2013高考英语上海卷C篇73题问的是“It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that therobotic fly _____”,D答案是“has been put into wide application”，而文中对应的句子为“so that it might someday perform…”。所以遇到超前判断的.答案可以：直接判为错误答案!
3喧宾夺主：
喧宾夺主也就是主次颠倒，没有弄清主次关系。通俗讲，就是在阅读理解中，对于问题中的题支，能够在文中找到相对应的部分或者是句子，但是只有一个是最主要的，其他表述都是次要的，这个主要的就是围绕问题展开叙述的。这种类型的错误常见于：归纳短文意思、给短文选择最适合的标题等类型的问题中。
例如：2013英语上海卷C篇75题，问题是：“Which of the following might be the best title of thepassage?”，题支为：A.Father of Robotic Fly B.Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study。根据文章每个答案都有提及，看起来都好像是正确的。通过文章，找出原来是围绕Robotic和life来讲的，这就是最主要的主体，因此正确。而A中father、B中Inspiration、D中Breaks Through都只是辅助部分甚至没提到。所以遇到喧宾夺主的答案可以：直接判为错误答案!
4答非所问：
这个相比大家都懂了，人家问西你答东。题支中的回答和题干不相符。这种问题应该是最简单的，相信不少人火眼晶晶就能够看出来。比较准确地说是就是不相关。由于高考想区别出等级，所以需要难度，这种类型的题就比较少了，最为常见于初中英语题中以及高中*时模拟练*中。
例如：比如2013高考山东卷73题B答案。问题是“For what purpose did Pearson start the advertisingcampaign?”，答案中为“A. To build a good relationship with the public B. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow C. To lean about customers; ”B、C答案关键词为unusual tradition、customers，文中并没有围绕这个来说(当然这里这个例子是不够精确)。所以遇到答非所问的答案可以：直接判为错误答案!
5强加因果：
强加因果就是本来两件事情就没有因果关系，却在题支中说出两个的因果关系，这都是错误的题支。这种类型的错误是比较少见的，但是一旦出现，不容易发现，尤其是逻辑性比较强的问题。应对方法是，对于有因果叙述的问题，需要自*推敲一下，看看是否是真的有因果关系。
例如：文章中讲了全球气候变暖( global warming)，文章中可能讲乱砍乱伐、汽车尾气、燃烧秸秆等等问题，在问题中，问你造成全球变暖是由什么造成的，题支中给你一个选项就是乱砍乱伐，可能你就会想：乱砍乱伐——树木减少——光合作用减少——二氧化碳消耗减少——大气中热、二氧化碳增多——所以全球气候变换，这就是典型的想多了! 所以遇到这种强加因果的答案可以：直接判为错误答案!
6颠倒是非：
把肯定的说成否定，把否定的说成肯定，这种类型的错误还是比较容易看出来的。但是如果通过同义转换，就不是很好看出来了。或者是把不是很明确的说的十分肯定，就较难看出这种颠倒是非的关系。
例如：2013上海卷74题问的是“Which of the following can be learned from the passage”，B答案为“Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.”而原文对应的句子为“You can start thinking about using them to answeropen scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would bedifficult with the animals, but using these robots instead” 。就是明显的同义转换后颠倒是非。所以遇到颠倒是非的答案可以：直接判为错误答案!
7以偏概全：
以偏概全指的是文章中说的是一个范围，问题中悄悄将题支的叙述范围给你改了，很久都看不出来。文章是由几部分组成的，每个部分肯定有自己的中心范围，而这些部分就组成了整篇文章，整片文章又只有一个中心，如果是用某部分的来表达整个文章的思想，就是以偏概全。
例如：2013上海卷C篇75题，问的是“Whichof the following might be the best title of the passage?”;题支为“A. Father of Robotic Fly B. Inspirationfrom Engineering Science C.Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D.Harvard Breaks Through in InsectStudy”。根据黑体关键词，A的是一个部分的，B的描述的是下一个部分的,D也是，文章中说的也不是很明确，这种类型的常见于概括文章、给文章起标题概括中心思想的题型中。对于以偏概全的答案可以：直接判为错误答案!
8张冠李戴等
错误的类型主要是这几种，另外还有张冠李戴，也就是说张三做的事情，说成李四做的，比如文章中为jack did the work ,题支中却说成了Jackson;再如he won the prize，却说成she won the prize等。
*些年英语貌似变得简单些了，不过如果题出难了的话，还有几种不容易发现的错误类型如：逻辑推理、大小关系不清楚等等，这类似数学的真包含假包含一样。比如说Jack planted some big trees near his home, the air around getting fresher after that。题支中的描述成“ what jack did prevent the global warming” 这样就是属于逻辑上的混乱和错误。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧详解
一.高考阅读的基本解题思路：
第一，扫描提干，划关键项。
第二， 通读全文，抓住中心。
1. 通读全文，抓两个重点：
①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题);
②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读，有重点的读)
2. 抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：
①文章叙述的主要内容是什么?
②文章中有无提到核心概念?
③作者的大致态度是什么?
第三，仔细审题，返回原文。(仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩)
定位原则：
①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)
②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。
要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第四，重叠选项，得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文)
1. 通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。
2.作题练*要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由
阅读理解的解题技巧和注意
1.例证题 ：
① 例证题的标记。当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify 时。
② 返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。
③ 搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。
注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。
④ 找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。
⑤ 例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。
即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。(╳)
要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。
2.指代题 ：
① 返回原文，找出出题的指代词。
② 向上搜索，找最*的名词、名词性短语或句子(先从最*点开始找，找不到再找次*的，一般答案不会离得太远)。
③ 将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺。
④ 将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出最佳答案。
3. 词汇题 ：“搜索代入”法
① 返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。
② 确定该词汇的词性
③ 从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适
④ 找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相*的选相，即答案
注意：
a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。
b.高考阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。
c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附*。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。
d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测 另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。
隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的.做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。
4.句子理解题 ：
① 返回原文找到原句。
② 对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。
③ 一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。
④ 句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。
思路： 对句子微观分析? 不行就依据上下文? 选择时不要推得过远。
5.推理题 ：“最*原则”
① 标志： learn, infer, im***, inform
② 看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。
③ 依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的*的比推的远的要好。
④ 推理题的最*答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的*的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)
注意：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。
6.主旨题 ： “串线摘帽”
即在自然段少的时候串串线，串线法解不出来时，大帽子、小帽子摘一下。
① 主旨题的标志：mainly about, mainly discuss, the best title
② 串线法：抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。要注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。(主要针对自然段少的文章;针对自然段多的文章，主旨题最好联系中心句。找一个和中心句最贴*的)
③ 小心首段陷阱。
④ 主旨题错误选项的干扰特征经常是：
⑴ 局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容;
⑵ 范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。
⑤逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有那些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接*的即为正确选项。
7. 作者态度题 ：
① 标志：attitude
② 应精确理解四个选项的含义。
③ 不要掺杂自己的观点。
④ 可以寻找文中一些具有感情色彩的词。如：fortunately, excessively, too many.
⑤ 举例的方式。
⑥ 抓论述的主线。把第一段读透，把其他各段的段首段尾句拉出来，看整个文章的谋篇结构。
⑦ 做作者态度题时特别注意：首先看清楚是谁对谁的态度。
8. 判断题 ：
①看可否通过四个选项具体化到文中一点或者根据自然段原则定位。
②每个选项都应返回原文，不能凭主观印象进行判断。
③要重点抓是“三错一对”还是“三对一错”的关系(做题是要看清题目)。
9. 细节题 ：
看完题目回到原文，重叠原文，得出答案
10.重点题型中的几个问题：
① 词汇题：字面意思不是答案，要根据上下文推测其深刻含义
② 句子理解题：一般不要求推理，只看句子本身。
③ 推理题：答案很大程度上是原文的重现，不一定非要经过逻辑推理从原文中得出。
高考英语阅读理解解题错题特征
① 正确答案经常与中心思想有关。
② 正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。
③ 正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说、反话正说。
④ 从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can, may, might, possible, not necessarily, some.
⑤ 正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。
12. 错误答案的特征：
第一大层次：
① 无中生有 (未提及的概念);
② 正反混淆 (选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);
③ 所答非所问 (虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边)
第二大层次：
① 过分绝对;
② 扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly);
③ 因果倒置;
④ 常识判断;
⑤ 推得过远;
⑥ 偏离中心;
⑦ 变换词性。
常识判断：如果一个选项仅仅符合常识，不一定是正确答案，还要看文章中类似的意思有没有出现;如果一个选项不符合常识，一定不是正答案。能够不由自主地按照正确的思路解题了，才表明我们正确掌握了这些技巧。
1. 先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。
2. 通读全文对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。
3. 看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择答案。
4. 将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相*选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相*具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
那么如何做传统阅读理解题?以下是作者*几年总结的阅读理解答题技巧，已被学生证明科学有效。
首先，迅速浏览文章知道文章的大体意思。(关键读文章的第一段，如果第一段较长，可以读其前两句，如果还不知道文章说什么，可以读一下每段的第一句)用1分钟的时间。(这一步非常重要)
为什么说这一步非常重要呢?我们经常说“做事情心里要有底”，同样做题之前也要“心里有底”。又比如，学生马上要上课了，但还不知道下节课上什么，学生从心理上容易慌乱。提前知道文章的大意可以避免做题的慌乱。如果把这一步做好了，文章后面的题目基本出不了大的问题。
接下来开始做题。
对于客观理解题
首先，认真读问题的题干，找出其关键词。如何找关键词?题干中人名，地名，专有名词，时间等就是关键词。
接下来，根据找出的关键词，在文章中定位，理解相关的句子，迅速选答案。
这里我特别强调一点，理解相关的句子迅速选答案，尽量不用排除法。因为排除法一般是理科的做题方法，英语大部分的题不需要用排除法，除非碰上了“Which of the following is right?”这类题目。用排除法做题太慢，并且容易受非答案项的干扰。
对于主观理解题，这类题目经常用以下的问题来考查学生：
What is the topicof the passage?
What can we infer from the passage?
What is the bes ttitle for the passage?
What does the author want to tell us in the paragraph 3?
What is the author’ attitude towards…..?
What is the purposeof the passage?
What does the author advise us to do?
一、快速浏览
快速浏览有助于我们迅速的了解文章的大致信息，掌握文章的主题思想
二、读清题目
在答题时，一定不要急于去选择，要看清楚题目，看清题目说的是什么，问的是什么
三、对照阅读
将题目的问题与文章相应的部分进行对照阅读，能够帮助我们快速的寻找出答案所在
四、答案排异
一道题目中，如果有2个或多个答案为同一个意思，那么答案肯定就不是这几个，除非是多选题，所以，有时答题并我全靠文章，答案本身就有明显的提示!
五、答案选择
如果对短文内容无法理解，那么我们就只能从答案入手了，如果4个答案有3个是一个意思，那么就选择另外一个，如果意思各不同的话就只有参照老规矩了，(三短一长选一长，三长一短选一短，长短不一选B，长度相同选C)!
——高考英语阅读理解练*题范本五份
In 2013 alone at least 20,000 African elephants were killed for their teeth. In South Africa over the last two years more than 2,200 rhinos were killed for their horns. These numbers are alarming, because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates,which could lead to extinction for these ecologically important creatures in their environment. Indeed, some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.
If you are reading this, you may already be aware of these facts. But you might not know that wildlife trafficking(私运) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species, such as tigers, tortoises, sea turtles ― and the world’s most trafficked mammal(哺乳动物)― pangolins.
Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales(鳞), which makes them look very strong. But actually they are endangered mammals. There are eight different species of pangolins, four in Asia and four in Africa, and all are threatened with extinction. Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live, high demand in East Asia, where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are used in traditional medicines, is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts. The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking. Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild. It is estimated that between 40,000 and 81,250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.
In February, the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking, which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife, including pangolins. We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan; building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.
Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3) by spreading the plan. Use social media and tell everyone that now is the time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species, big and small, from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.
1. How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
2. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A. Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.
B. Pangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.C. The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.
D. High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.
3. What can we know about the plan released by the US?
A. Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.
B. Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be seen.
C. The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.
D. More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.
4. What is the author’s intention of writing the passage? A. To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.
B. To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.
C. To explain why pangolins are illegally traded in East Asia.
D. To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.
答案:
1―4、CDCB
With all the wars, fighting and sadness in the world today, it's not only necessary, but also essential to have a good sense of humor just to help us get through each and every day of our lives.Putting a smile on someone's face when you know they are feeling down in the dumps ( 处于沮丧中), as the saying goes, makes me feel good and warms my heart.
How would you feel if you could not joke around with your wife, husband, child, co-worker neighbor, close friend, or even just someone that you are standing in line with at your comer store? I am always saying things that make others smile or laugh, even if I don't know the person I'm joking around with.My Grandma always found humor in everything she did, even if it was the hardest job anyone could imagine.This not only relieves stress in any situation, but also is common courtesy (礼貌) to speak to others that are around you.
I know of a few people that don’t have a funny bone in their bodies, as they say.Everyone around them could be rolling on the floor after hearing a great joke and they would sit there without the slightest smile on their face.They don't get the joke that makes others laugh.I am busting a gut while they just sit there, looking at me as if I were from outer space.How can people not get a really funny joke?
Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control.Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy.There is too much sadness in this present world.It drives people crazy.We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives.So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together.
51.According to the author, humor is useful in the aspect that ____________.
A.it makes people more confident
B.it can pick up people' s spirits
C.it can help get rid of the cruelty in the world
D.it can help people get on well with others
52.The author answers the question in the second paragraph with ___________.
A.facts and descriptions B.evidence and argument
C.examples and conclusion D.stories and persuasion
53.The phrase “busting a gut" in the third paragraph can be replaced by __________.
A.explaining carefully B.speaking loud
C.keeping silent D.laughing hard
54.In writing the passage, the author mainly intends to __________.
A.talk about his own understanding of humor
B.encourage people to be humorous in daily life
C.introduce a practical way to get through daily life
D.convince people of the power of being optimistic about life
55.What is the author' s attitude towards the present world?
A.Positive. B.Critical.
C.Satisfied. D.Indifferent.
答案：51―55BCDBB
Can trees talk? Yes, but not in words. Scientists have reason to believe that trees do communicate (交际) with each other. Not long ago, researchers learned some surprising things. First a willow tree attacked in the woods by caterpillars (毛虫) changed the chemistry of its leaves and made them taste so terrible that they got tired of the leaves and stopped eating them. Then even more astonishing, the tree sent out a special smell---a signal (信号) causing its neighbors to change the chemistry of their own leaves and make them less tasty.
Communication, of course, doesn’t need to be in words. We can talk to each other by smiling, raising our shoulders and moving our hands. We know that birds and animals use a whole vocabulary of songs, sounds, and movements. Bees dance their signals, flying in certain patterns that tell other bees where to find nectar (花蜜) for honey. So why shouldn’t trees have ways of sending message?
1. It can be concluded from the passage that caterpillars do not feed on leaves that ______.
A. are lying on the ground B. have an unpleasant taste
C. bees don’t like D. have an unfamiliar shape
2. The willow tree described in the passage protected itself by ______.
A. growing more branches B. communicating with birds and bees
C. changing its leaf chemistry D. shaking caterpillars off
3. According to the passage, the willow tree was able to communicate with other trees by ______.
A. waving its branches B. giving off a special smell
C. dropping its leaves D. changing the colour of its trunk
4. According to this passage, bees communicate by ______.
A. making special movement B. touching one another
C. smelling one another D. making unusual sound
5. The author believes that the incident described in the passage ______.
A. cannot be taken seriously B. should no longer be permitted
C. must be checked more thoroughly D. seems completely reasonable
At school the children are taught to add up and subtract(减法) but, extraordinarily, are not routinely shown how to open a bank account — let alone how to manage their finances in an increasingly complex and demanding world.
Today the parenting website Mumsnet and the consumer campaigner Martin Lewis have joined forces to launch an online application to make financial education a compulsory element of the school curriculum in England. Children from five to 16 should be taught about everything from pocket money to pensions, they say. And that was exactly the plan preserved in the Children, Schools and Families bill that was shelved by the government in the so-called “wash-up” earlier this month — the rush to legislation before parliament was dismissed. Consumer and parent groups believe financial education has always been one of the most frustrating omissions of the curriculum.
As the Personal Finance Education Group (Pfeg) points out, the good habits of young children do not last long. Over 75% of seven- to 11-year-olds are savers but by the time they get to 17, over half of them are in debt to family and friends. By this age, 26% see a credit card or overdraft(透支) as a way of extending their spending power. Pfeg predicts that these young people will “find it much harder to avoid the serious unexpected dangers that have befallen many of their parents' generation unless they receive good quality financial education while at school.”
The UK has been in the worst financial recession(衰退)for generations. It does seem odd that — unless parents step in — young people are left in the dark until they are cruelly introduced to the world of debt when they turn up at university. In a recent poll of over 8,000 people, 97% supported financial education in schools, while 3% said it was a job for parents.
1. The passage is mainly about _____________.
A. how to manage school lessons
B. how to deal with the financial crisis
C. teaching young people about money
D. teaching students how to study effectively
2. It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that __________.
A. the author complains about the school education
B. pupils should not be taught to add up and subtract
C. students have been taught to manage their finances
D. laws on financial education have been effectively carried out
3. The website and the consumer campaigner joined to _________.
A. instruct the pupils to donate their pocket money
B. promote the connection of schools and families
C. ask the government to dismiss the parliament
D. appeal for the curriculum of financial education
4. According to Pfeg, ___________.
A. it is easy to keep good habits long
B. teenagers spend their money as planned
C. parents are willing to pay the debt for their kids
D. it will be in trouble if the teenagers are left alone
5. A poll is mentioned to ___________.
A. stress the necessity of the curriculum reform
B. show the seriousness of the financial recession
C. make the readers aware of burden of the parents
D. illustrate some people are strongly against the proposal
答案： CADDA
Several weeks ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mailbox. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. The envelope wasn't sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope in the mail. When your services are finished at 4 a.m., you can't sim*** hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.
So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated(复杂的) black market fireworks. With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite(怨恨): I had not tipped Raoul in Christmas past. I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to. This was the first time he'd used the card tactic(策略). So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket (收保护费组织).
Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadn't enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. "I know you don't care how merry my Christmas is, and that's fine," the gesture said. "I want $30, or I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day." I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadn't yet been picked up: "Someone stole Mickey's tip!" Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check. But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled.
The following Tuesday morning, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. "Are you Mickey?" The man looked at him with scorn(轻蔑). "Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling." Not only had Ed insulted(侮辱) this man by suggesting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for more funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole incident. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. "Anyone else? "
Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing break of etiquette (礼节) could have been avoided. Under "trash/recycling collectors" in the institute's Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says: "$10 to $30 each." You may or may not wish to know that your hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.
55. The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside the envelope because_____________________.
A. he wanted the couple to pay for the newspaper
B. he forgot to write a few words on it
C. he used it to ask for a Christmas tip
D. he was afraid of asking for a tip in person
56. From the passage, we learn that the author_________.
A. didn't like Raoul's way of delivering the paper
B. didn't realize why Raoul delivered the paper that way before
C. didn't know that Raoul delivered the paper for them
D. didn't feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came
57. According to the passage, the author felt ______to give Raoul a holiday tip.
A. excited B. happy C. embarrassed D. forced
58. Which of the following is true about Mickey, the garbage collector?
A. He wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.
B. He failed to collect the money from the bank.
C. He wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.
D. He collected both the check and the garbage that day.
59. Ed's encounter(遭遇) with the recycling team shows that________________________________.
A. Ed was desperate to correct his mistake
B. Ed only wanted to give money to Raoul
C. Ed was unwilling to tip the truck driver
D. Ed no longer wanted to give them money
60. From the passage we can infer that __________________________________________.
A. their garbage bin might not be emptied one day if the writer didn’t give tips
B. the writer could have avoided giving tips if they had consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute
C. the writer’s husband didn’t know Raoul at all
D. the writer’s family was too poor to give the tips
答案:
55. C 根据第二段中的.I had not tipped Raoul in Christmas past和This was the first time he'd used the card tactic可知Raoul是想要圣诞节小费。D中的“was afraid of…”文章中未提到。
56. B 根据第二段中的With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness…可知作者以前并不知道Raoul这样扔报纸和发出噪音的原因。
57. D 根据第二段中的I honestly hadn't realized I was supposed to可知作者是被迫付费的。
58. B 根据第四段中的The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled.可知他没拿到钱。
59. A 根据倒数第二段Ed拿着钱包去问司机可知他拼命想改正原先未付小费的错误。
60. A 根据I'll 'forget' to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day."可以推断出正确答案。
