No one can deny the fact that today the environment is polluted seriously. Though the government has taken some policies to protect the environment, still some businessmen chase the profit by taking the cost of damaging the nature. Many animals are dying out as they lose their homes. Such as the national treasure, panda. The government has put a lot of money to protect them from dying out, and the new born panda babies will be looked after by experts and then release to the nature, in the hope that they won’t disappear in the nature. But the result is not always good, because when they return to the nature, the environment can’t provide enough things for them to live. If the nature loses its balance and there is no way for human beings living with nature harmoniously, then we also will disappear some day.
Application Form
Family name: Wang First name: Xiaoming
Date of Birth: August 20, 1975 Nationality: Chinese
Sex: Male Telephone number: 020-61006571
Address: 710 Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou City
Please write about your educational background and work experience, the university and the major you want to ap*** and the information you want to know. (about 50 words)
I graduated from Beijing Normal University,. And I am currently an English teacher at Guangzbou University. I request admission into the Department of English Language and Literature at your University. It is my long-time desire to pursue comparative study of Chinese and Western literature. And I shall appreciate it if I can get more
information about the financial aid.
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am writing to ask for information about training courses in automobile repair that your Vocation Repair Center offers. I enjoy working with cars and would like to train to be a mechanic.
I would like to take the course from September to December but I can only study in the evenings because I have a full?time learning course in my college.
I would appreciate if you send me details and an application form.
Yours sincerely,
Jiang Peng
To be successful in a job interview, you should show certain personal and professional qualities. You need to create a good impression in a limited time, usually from 30 to 45 minutes. You must take a positive impression which the interviewer will remember while he interviews other candidates.
You should pay attention to some questions during the interview. First of all, you are expected to dress properly. The right clothes worn at the right time can win the respect of the interviewer. The first and lasting impressions of you is partly determined by the clothes you wear. Secondly, you should pay close attention to your manner of speaking. Since speech is a reflection of personality, you should try to speak in a clear and loud voice to show your confidence. Finally, you should make full preparation for the position you are ap***ing for. Talking about it in a professional way will impress the interviewer dee***. If you take all the problems into account, you will probably succeed in a job interview.
Different people have different hobbies. Hobbies are activities in which one participates for amusement. A hobbys can be anything, such as listening to music, playing various musical instruments, reading books, collecting stamps, going for sports and so on. It mainly depends on one’s interest and character.
There is no doubt that hobbies have a great influence on people’s life and society. Good hobbies can benefit people in many ways. They are both helpful to people’s growth and development, either physically or spiritually. On the other hand, bad hobbies are harmful to people. For example. Excessive drinking and smoking not only affect study and work but also hurt one’s mind and body.
——公共英语三级作文 (菁华5篇)
July 20, 2000
Dear Mrs. Smith,
My name is Chencheng.I am a final student of Anhui Agricultural University. I am currently seeking employment in which I could make full use of my English language skills. For this reason, I would be interested in any job vacancies available in your company. I am confident and enthusiastic, so although I have little work experience, I believe that my personal qualities will allow me to make a valuable contribution to your company.
I wish to work for Haier in particular because as a newly opened joint venture company in Hefei, I feel you could offer me the chance to work among Chinese and overseas employees in a morden and friendly environment.
I enclose my curriculum vitae; I am available for interview at any time. If there are no positions available at this time, I would be most grateful. If my application could be considered for future vacancies.
Yours sincerely,
Chencheng
Name of Applicant: Zhong Yong
Mailing Address: Flat 602, Building 98
Sibei Rd., Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
Email Address: zhyggu@dimk.com
Present Occupation: Teaching
Employer: the Education Bureau of Xiamen City
Programme of Study: English
Area of Specialization: Applied Linguistics
Degree: M.A.
Name of Reference: Lin Long
Mr.Zhong Yong graduated from the English Department of the Zhangzhou Teachers' College in 1998. During his college years, he achieved excellent results in study. He has some capacity to do research work and shows much promise as a college teacher.
Mr.Zhong Yong has a fairly good ability to read and speak English. He is, however, a bit weak in writing and must work harder to improve himself in this respect.
I recommend Mr.Zhong Yong and hope that he will be chosen as a college teacher.
Yours very truly,
Zhang Ping,
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The most unforgettable Person I ever Know. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:
1、 我生活中最难忘的人是
2、 为什么他(或她)令我难以忘怀
3、 结论
In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling. But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever know is my English teacher.
What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. First of all, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offeran awakening of a passion for learning. He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of English language and literature, but also aroused our great interest in explorating something deeper in this field. Second, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs.
Although it is nearly two years since I attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.
It has turned out that com*rs have become quite indispensable to education. With com*rs,students can do their homework more quickly and more efficiently; with com*rs,teachers can reduce their work load and improve their teaching. For instance,com*rs can free teachersfromcertain kinds of time-consuming bookkeeping; help teachers "bank" test items,thus greatly reducing the time required to produce a new test,and mark test papers. More importantly,they can ***yze test results,indicating to the teacher which points may need further treatment in class.
They can also make it possible for a teacher in the classroom to give individual attention to students who are having trouble in their studies. While the rest of a class is working on an educational program,the teacher can take the time to work directly with a student who is falling behind. So it goes without saying that com*rs are extremely important in education at all levels.
Water is a precious resource. Although we are surrounded by it in oceans,lakes,rivers and streams,our sup* is limited. The chart given shows that most of the water on earth-97.4 percent-is salt water stored in oceans. Only 2.6 percent of the earths water is fresh water,and 2 percent is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. Thus the fresh water left for us to use is only 0.6 percent of the total water sup*.
There will never be any more fresh water than there is now. In fact,the earth is short of fresh water. Besides,the increasing growth of the world population,the growing demand of industry for water,the serious pollution of our environment-all this makes the world in danger of running out of fresh water. In some large cities such as Tianjin,fresh water cannot meet the daily needs.
Since water is essential to all life and the sup* limited,we must manage it intelligently and carefully.
——公共英语三级作文(精选五篇)
大学生活
Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a good friend John， congratulating him on his admission to a famous university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese：
1. 对朋友进入大学表示祝贺
2. 介绍大学生活和中学生活的异同
3. 对如何成功地过好大学生活提出自己的建议
「范文」
A Congratulation Letter
June 16， 2006
Dear John，
I‘m very glad to hear that you have passed the entrance examination and been accepted by a very famous university. I feel very proud of you and I believe you really deserve the honor since you have been working so hard. As you have mentioned in the letter， there are both some similarities and differences between the college life and the life in high school. On the one hand， you have to go on working hard as there are a lot of subjects for you to learn.
On the other hand， in high school， teachers will probably tell you what to learn and how to learn in details and will also monitor your learning performance， while in college， teachers work like tour guides and you have to find out your own way to acquire knowledge and solve problems. For you， I think to be optimistic is very important. If you hope to adapt yourself to the new environment， you‘d better be positive no matter what difficulties you will experience in your college life. May you adapt yourself to the college life as soon as possible!
Truly Yours，
Carl
Dear sir:
I wish to ap*** for a position with your company as an assistant accountant. I am twenty-six years old and at present employed by the Island Company, where I have been for the past two years. Formerly I was employed by Global Export Co., where it was nearly three years.
My only reason for leaving either of these positions would be to better myself and I feel there is no future opportunity in my present position. I wish to serve in a large company like yours, to provide me with ample opportunities to learn new things.
I can give you references from both these firms as to my character and ability as an accountant. My present salary is $2,600 a month and I would not care to accept less in another position, but I am willing to start at the same salary, provided there is an opportunity for advancement. Yours faithfully, Wang Lin
Name of Applicant: Zhong Yong
Mailing Address: Flat 602, Building 98
Sibei Rd., Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
Email Address: zhyggu@dimk.com
Present Occupation: Teaching
Employer: the Education Bureau of Xiamen City
Programme of Study: English
Area of Specialization: Applied Linguistics
Degree: M.A.
Name of Reference: Lin Long
Mr.Zhong Yong graduated from the English Department of the Zhangzhou Teachers' College in 1998. During his college years, he achieved excellent results in study. He has some capacity to do research work and shows much promise as a college teacher.
Mr.Zhong Yong has a fairly good ability to read and speak English. He is, however, a bit weak in writing and must work harder to improve himself in this respect.
I recommend Mr.Zhong Yong and hope that he will be chosen as a college teacher.
Yours very truly,
Zhang Ping,
July 20, 2000
Dear Sir,
I have obtained your address from the British Council. I intend to study Engnish next year, and am intrested in your summer school English class. I would be most grateful if you could send me your latest prospectus.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours truly,
Jame Li
Water is a precious resource. Although we are surrounded by it in oceans,lakes,rivers and streams,our sup*** is limited. The chart given shows that most of the water on earth-97.4 percent-is salt water stored in oceans. Only 2.6 percent of the earths water is fresh water,and 2 percent is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. Thus the fresh water left for us to use is only 0.6 percent of the total water sup***.
There will never be any more fresh water than there is now. In fact,the earth is short of fresh water. Besides,the increasing growth of the world population,the growing demand of industry for water,the serious pollution of our environment-all this makes the world in danger of running out of fresh water. In some large cities such as Tianjin,fresh water cannot meet the daily needs.
Since water is essential to all life and the sup*** limited,we must manage it intelligently and carefully.
——公共英语阅读技巧 (菁华3篇)
细节性题目是阅读理解题中出现最多的一类问题，大约占40%左右。问题有两种基本形式：完全式和不完全式，其中不完全式的问题占绝大多数。它们的问题是这样的：
1.完全式
Why do women seem less likely to be promoted after marriage?
What did scientists learn about earthquakes at the area?
According to the passage，how did the drums differ from many other drums?
According to the passage，through which of the following does the energy released?
2.不完全式
According to the passage，the new machine proved to be .
In the author's opinion，visual and spatial abilities are good for __________.
According to the passage，women are usually good at __________.
The Sun's light travels slowly when ____________.
可见这类问题大多是根据文章中的具体信息，如事实、例证、原因、特点、过程、论述等进行提问。和推测文章大意、标题，作者态度这类归纳推理题相比较，这种问题要容易些，因为其答案可以直接在文章中找到的。所以，这类问题也称之为"直接解答性问题"。
解题的基本方法是：仔细阅读文章后的问题，根据问题中的关键词或词组，以此作为线索，返回文章查找问题的相关句，用这个相关句来对照选项，意思一致的就是答案。
如何在文章中又快又准地找到答案?要具备这两方面的知识：
文章细节结构知识
一篇阅读理解文章，或长或短，都有一个中心思想。而文章就是围绕着这个中心思想展开的。支持和发展中心思想的细节主要是由描写特点特征，给予解释定义，分析原因结果，比较事物异同，提供数据事实，论述观点理由等构成的。但根据主题的不同性质，可以有不同侧重，这样就形成了不同的细节结构。
如：描述性结构(这种结构主要介绍事物，问题或倾向的特点、特征。对人物的描述如传记包括人的身体特征，家庭背景，成长过程，个性爱好，成就贡献等。因此文章中时间，地点，数据是主要细节);
释义性结构(这种结构是解释某一理论，学科，事物。主要是用例子，比喻，类比进行阐述);
比较性结构(这种结构主要是对两个事物或人物在功能，特点，优缺点，贡献方面进行比较);
原因性结构(这种结构主要是分析事物的成因，客观的，主观的，直接的，间接的);
驳论性结构(这种结构主要是介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，分析其优缺点，或危害性，最后阐明自己的观点)。
了解这些细节结构，我们就能知道某一特定的阅读理解文章问题会出哪方面的问题，从而在阅读中给有关细节较多的注意。如例9(P.43)的阅读理解文章。这篇章文章介绍的是美国一种蝗虫：描述了蝗虫飞群的形成，形成的原因，其特点*性，给农作物造成的损失，人们对付这种虫害的方法。显然这是描述性结构，绝大多数问题肯定与特点，时间，地点，程度有关。在阅读中对这些细节作圈划记号，解答时就非常容易。
是非题的四个选项有三种情况：
1.四个选项中的信息集中在一、二个句子里。这种是非题比较容易做。只要找到相关句，细细读一下就不难选定正确答案。
2.四个选项中的信息集中在一段里。这样查读的范围要大一些，但还是比较容易的。验证一个，排除一个，答案就出来了。
3.四个选项中的信息分散在全文。这种是非题就比较难做，因为要化较多的时间去找各个相关句，一一去查证。一般说来，应首先把四个选项都看一遍，根据第一遍读的印象和基本常识，尽可能先排除掉一、二个，以减少查的选项。实在排除不了，需要到文章中去一一查证的，次序也应从易到难，即从印象最深的，相关句最易找的，最容易证实的那个选项开始查。
由于时间关系，要到全文中去一一查证四个选项，效率太低。因此我们还可以首先对所有选项作一分析，根据常理，根据自己的知识结构，看看哪一选项最有可能是答案。如问哪一个true，就把四个中最可能正确的一项挑出来首先去查证;如问哪一个NOT true，就把四个中最可能是错误的一项挑出来首先去查证。用这一方法，最多查证两项，答案就会出来。
所谓释义性的题目，就是要求对文章中阐述的事物进行准确的解释。问题往往问该事物的特征、优点、功能、作用等，如
The main characteristics of the system is _________.
One of the advantages of living in the countryside is _________.
这类问题在阅读理解的题目中占较大的比例。因为，阅读理解的文章大多是说明文体裁。说明文就是对事物解释，定义。文章用较大的篇幅来解释，答案项要么是对这些解释的另一说法，要么是对这些解释的归纳。
这类问题虽属细节题，但不容易做。有两点要注意。
1.注意解释的准确性
干扰项往往在对文章事物的解释中，夹带"私货：，加进一些词，夸大了原文的意义，作了不合事实的引伸。
这就告诉我们，在辨别信息时，对一些对原文解释、归纳的选项，要注意其释义的准确性。特别要当心在解释时加进一些修饰词，如mainly，chiefly，whenever，Only等，使原文的意思发生细微的变化。因此有这些词的选项，多半是错误的。
2.注意归纳的准确性
问的是事物的主要特点、特征、功能，干扰项却把次要的、细节性的东西，具体事实混进选项。
这告诉我们，在做释义题，辨别选项时，要注意区分细节和结论，事实和观点。问归纳性的结论，观点时不要把具体的细节，事实套上去。
在做阅读理解题目时，我们经常碰到这样的问题：In line 3，the word" "most probably mean. By" "(Line 3)，the author means.
这种问题与其是考你的词汇量大小，还不如说考你是否具有利用上下文判断单词意思的能力。阅读理解部分的词汇题目与词汇部分的题目，考的目的是不同的。后者考的词，基本上都是考纲里的，考的目的是看你掌握没有。而前者考的词，基本上是超纲的，生疏的。但是其意义是从文章中能推导出来的。因为如考你的单词是超出考试大纲的，也就是说考出要求考生掌握的，而上下文中又没有线索的，其意义是推理不出的，这样的生僻词是不会考的，是命题不容许的(托福考试另当别论)。因此，如阅读理解中考你某一超纲词、生僻词，上下文中肯定有暗示这个词的词义的线索。做这类题，就是要根据上下文，抓住线索来推断词义。下面介绍几种办法。
一、利用生词周围的定义解释
文章中如出现一些生僻词或一些术语，作者生怕读者不理解，为了免除读者费力去查工具书，往往会用一些办法来暗示其义。
1. 注意that is，in other words，namely，that means，this is等过渡词直接引出同义解释。
2. 注意and， not Only...but also， besides， similarly，likewise，in the same way等过渡词引出的同一，类似的意思。
3. 注意生词前后的but，however，while，on the contrary等过渡词。它们表示一种对立或同等关系。
4. 注意for example，such as，a case in point is等过渡词，引出一个具体例子来说明阐述。
5. 注意生词前后的冒号：，破折号——，括弧( )，等标点符号。这些标点符号总暗示一些语义关系。如冒号引出具体的说明，或例子。分号引出类似的，对立的观点。破折号引出同位语。
6.注意生词被同义词、反义词解释，被定语从句修饰，被同位语或独立一句来说明。
二、利用单词的构词法
英语当中有许多词是由词根，前缀，后缀合成的，如果认识其中的词根，往往可以通过前缀或后缀的意义来判断词义。有时仅仅靠前缀或后缀的意义也能猜测。例如，很少人知道telepathy这个词，但我们知道前缀tele的意义：distant。如telephone远方传来的声音(phone = sound)一电话，television远方传来的视象(vision = picture)一电视，telegram远方传来的文字(gram=writing)一电报。我们也有所了解词根pathy的意义：feeling。如sympathy同样的感情(sym=same)一同情，antipathy反对感情(anti=against)一反感，apathy没有感情(a=without)一冷漠。因此，telepathy distant + feeling，心灵遥感。
三、运用基本的猜词技巧
当然，利用文章上下文线索是有限的。即使熟悉了英语构词法，也并不能保证解答所有词汇问题。因此还需要有一定的猜词技巧。也就是说，考生如掌握一定的猜词技巧，就会大大提高猜词的命中率。
猜词技巧主要有代入法和排除法两种。
代入法的依据是，四个选项的词都认识的，把它们一一代入句中所考的词的位置，看其文章意义或语法意义是否成立。
排除法是利用构词法，上下文线索等把选项中认识的词项一一排除掉，剩下来的一个项，即使不知道其义，也可断定它是答案。
如何做"it"、"they"、"one"等指代性的题目
我们做阅读理解题目时常碰到这样的问题：
The word "it" in line 3 most probably refers to .
In line 3, the word "one" could best be replaced by .
What does the word "they" in line 3 refer to ?
这种指代性的题目有一定的难度。从历年四、六级考试对这种题目的得分分析，答对比率只有33%左右。因为它要求对代词所在句以及紧邻几个句子的结构和意思都要有准确的理解。
指代有两种情况。
1. 指代单数词或词组。
2. 指代句子意思
在具体解答这类问题时，我们应注意几点。
一、注意指代条件
it，they，one，that，this都有自己的指代条件，如单数，复数，可数，不可数，先行词的远*(先行词一般紧靠着代词。也就是说代词前面有几个可指代的词或词组同时出现，最靠*可能性最大。)
二、注意文章意思
如果代词周围有好几个名词或词组，而且都符合指代条件，这就要分析哪一选项符合文章意思。
三、注意搭配意思
把四个选项试着代人，看哪一项符合搭配意思，包括句子的语法意义和逻辑意义。
四、注意综合考虑
综合注意指代条件，文章意思和搭配意思。
——全国公共英语三级考试作文 (菁华3篇)
From the table, it is clear, fires bring great disasters to us. More and more people are killed and houses including many valuable things are burnt out. Fires are threatening to our lives and wealth.
Look at the bar graphs we can see there are mainly three causes of fires. 40% are caused by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away, while 25% are started by the leakage of gas pots and 15% results from the children who play with matches.
Fires can be prevented if we take necessary measures. The key measure is to educate people to be careful to make fires, warn the children of the danger of playing with matches. Though we cannot avoid fires completely, we can reduce the fire disasters
Dear Sir,
I am happy that the refrigerator we ordered last week has arrived on time. But it is a great pity that we find there is something wrong with the refrigeration facilities.
After we used it for several days. we found that food stored in the refrigerating compartment turned bad quickly. When we finally decided to take the temperature in it, we were surprised to find it was around 15℃, far from the standard temperture range from 0℃ to 9℃.
This problem has affected our normal life. Would you please let me know whether or not you can send a repairman as soon as possible? I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
[题目要求]Directions: Suppose that you ordered a refrigerator but later found a worrying problem. Write a letter of complaint to describe the matter and require settlement, Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.
路线：假设您订购一台冰箱，但后来发现了一个令人担忧的问题。写信投诉来形容此事，并要求解决，在你的信的结尾不要签署自己的名字，用“李明”代替。
[参考范文]就冰箱的问题写一封投诉信
Dear Sir,
I am happy that the refrigerator we ordered last week has arrived on time. But it is a great pity that we find there is something wrong with the refrigeration facilities.
After we used it for several days. we found that food stored in the refrigerating compartment turned bad quickly. When we finally decided to take the temperature in it, we were surprised to find it was around 15℃, far from the standard temperture range from 0℃ to 9℃.
This problem has affected our normal life. Would you please let me know whether or not you can send a repairman as soon as possible? I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
亲爱的先生，
我很高兴，我们上周下令冰箱已经准时到达。但很可惜，我们发现有一些错误的冷藏设施。
之后，我们用了好几天。我们发现，保存在冷藏室的食物迅速变坏。当我们终于决定把温度在里面，我们惊奇地发现它是15℃左右，远远标准温辐射范围从0℃到9℃。
这个问题已经影响了我们的正常生活。请你让我知道你是否能尽快派修理工的可能吗?我希望我的问题会得到您的关照。
此致，
李明
——公共英语三级写作 (菁华3篇)
继续教育问题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Boom in Continuing Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)上图为某城市2002-2008年参加继续教育的人数情况，请描述其中的变化;
2)分析导致该变化的原因;
3)谈谈你对继续教育的.看法。
【范文】
A Boom in Continuing Education
From the graph, we can learn the number of continuing education participants has kept increasing from 2002 to 2008 in X city. In 2002 there were only 20 thousand people taking part in the continuing education, but in 2004 the number grew to 70 thousand, and in 2006 150, and by 2008, the number has reached 230 thousand. It can be seen easily that continuing education is gaining more and more popularity。
The following reasons are responsible for this boom in continuing education. Firstly, during the work many people begin to realize what they have learned in schools is far from enough. So they turn to continuing education to gain more knowledge and skills. Moreover, as the science and technology in China are developing very fast, *s after graduation have to refresh themselves. In addition, in modern society, those without bachelor's degrees or above are less competitive。
As far as I am concerned, the boom in continuing education is a necessity. It provides those on-the-job people with chances to get advanced degrees and gain more knowledge. As our society develops, more and more people will receive continuing education in the future。
Writing
Below are three tables showing the changes in your family since 1985. Look at the table and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points.
1. What was your home like before 1985?
2. What are the changes after 1985?
Changes in My Home
Many changes have taken place in my home since 1985. A few years ago, we lived in a twelve-meter-square room which was used as bedroom, our study as well as our dining room. I often quarreled with my sister since she often occupied the only small table or the stool.
Later, our family moved into a new house with two large bedrooms, one sitting room, one kitchen and a clean toilet. A color TV took the place of the old black-white one and a beautiful four-speaker . My parents' books found a new place in a larger bookcase and we can keep fruits, pork, eggs in a refrigerator. With the development of society, every family's life has been improved a great deal indeed.
Writing
A certain college lacks some qualified teachers of English. Write a letter of recommendation of Mr.Zhong Yong, a teacher of English at a middle school. Your letter should refer to the following points:
1. Personal data
2. His work experience
3. His qualifications
You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Zhang Ping" instead. You do not need to write the address.
Name of Applicant: Zhong Yong
Mailing Address: Flat 602, Building 98
Sibei Rd.
Xiamen, Fujian Province
China
Email Address: zhyggu@dimk.com
Present Occupation: Teaching
Employer: the Education Bureau of Xiamen City
Programme of Study: English
Area of Specialization: Applied Linguistics
Degree: M.A.
Name of Reference: Lin Long
Mr.Zhong Yong graduated from the English Department of the Zhangzhou Teachers' College in 1998. During his college years, he achieved excellent results in study. He has some capacity to do research work and shows much promise as a college teacher.
Mr.Zhong Yong to read and speak English. He is, however, a bit weak in writing and must work harder to improve himself in this respect.
I recommend Mr.Zhong Yong and hope that he will be chosen as a college teacher.
Yours very truly,
Zhang Ping,
——公共英语三级听力疑难点讲解 (菁华3篇)
此类题型要求考生对听到的内容进行整体的把握和全面的领会。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳。
此类题型常见的提问方式有：
What are the two speakers talking about?
What are the two speakers doing?
What is the talk/dialogue about?
What’s the topic of the passage?
听力考题要求考生听清、听懂事实信息，精确理解具体细节、特殊信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等，同时还要对所听到的信息作简单的处理，比如数字的运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系、深层推理等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容、领会说话者意图。
常见的考查细节题的提问方式有：
When should...?
What is...?
How does the man...?
Where is the woman going?
Which of the following is right/ture?
Why did the speaker...?
学会分析问题之间的联系和背景知识的综合应用
考生应当在听力开始之前，浏览试卷上的选项，特别是仔细分析几道题之间的联系，并根据常识、背景知识进行积极地预测。
顾名思义，主旨大意题要求考生在听懂短文的基础上归纳出短文的主题思想，其中还包
括为短文选择最合适的题目和对作者的结论或意图进行判断归纳。这类题目主要着眼于对全篇总体上的理解。此类题常见的提问方式有：
What is the main idea/topic/subject/chief purpose of this passage?
What is the best title for this passage?
What does the passage tell us essentially?
What is the subject they are talking about?
What did the speaker mainly discuss/talk about?
——公共英语三级听力重点难点讲解 (菁华3篇)
这种类型的考题主要考查学生对对话地点及人物去向的判断。其中既有直接提问的，也有间接提问的。
常见的提问形式有：
Where does the conversation probably take place?
Where is the woman going?
Where are the two speakers?
在这类考题中，选项大部分是表示地点场所的名词，同时需注意这些名词前的介词，如in a bank, in a dining-room, at the airport, at home, on the desk, on the floor等，这些介词对判断场所非常有帮助。另外，考生应集中注意力去捕捉那些“关键词”，抓住了“关键词”，做题就容易多了。以下是一些常考的地点及相关词，也就是刚才提及的“关键词”，需重点记忆：
学校(school)：required course, elective course, quiz, professor, thesis, make-up, credits, master, dormitory, department, lecture, essay, bookshelf, application form, entrance.
旅馆(hotel)：reception, book, reservation, tip, check in, single room, double room.
饭店(restaurant)、酒吧(bar)：menu, bill, drink, dessert, soup, steak, beer, appetizer, barbecue, cheese, cream, roast, beer, drink, wine, cafeteria, dining, saloon, pub, snack, bar, recipe.
商店(department store)：supermarket, dress, color, style, fashion, price, bargain, reasonable.
医疗(medical treatment)：doctor, nurse, patient, surgery, operation, medicine, dose, pill, temperature, headache, sore throat, bad cold, fever, cough, stomachache, heart disease, cancer.
火车(railway)、汽车(motor)、飞机(airplane)等交通设施：platform, traffic jam, airport, arrival time, departure, ticket agent, take off, board, land, flight, airlines, freight, passport, visa.
练*：
1. What does the woman mean?
[A] She knows the guy who will give the lecture.
[B] She thinks the lecture might be informative.
[C] She wants to add something to her lecture.
[D] She’ll finish her report this weekend.
2. Who are the two speakers?
[A] Teacher and student.
这种题型出现的频率很高，其特征是：第一个说话人所说的不是十分重要;第二个说话人的答话由两部分组成：先是一个简单的短句，紧接着是一个较长的句子，短句与长句之间常用but, though, however等转折意思的`词语连接，从而引起的作者态度及谈论重点的变化。
对话中对话者对他们谈论的人或事持什么观点或态度往往含而不露，考生只能根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力来进行判断，才能对传递的信息进行比较深层次的理解。具体表达观点、态度时，可能出现的模式有：间接表达式，不明说赞成或反对;反问否定式，常委婉地表示质疑和反对;委婉谢绝式，先表示肯定、赞成、谢意等，随后说出真实看法;看似否定实为肯定式，如 why not, I can’t agree any more 等。
常见的提问方式有：
How does the man/woman feel about...?
What does the man/woman think of...?
What does the man/woman say about...?
What does the man/woman mean?
——公共英语四级词汇 (菁华3篇)
abandoned 被抛弃的，自甘堕落的，没有约束的
abuse 虐待，滥用，辱骂
affectionate 充满深情的
alienate 疏远
allegiance 忠贞
amusing 让人发笑的
anxiety 忧虑，焦急，渴望
apartness 冷漠，孤独
apathy 缺乏感情或兴趣，冷漠
arrogance 傲慢
befriend 亲*
bellicosity 好战性
break up破碎，分裂，结束
brute 残酷的
cheerful 愉快的，高兴的
congenial性格相似的，适意的t
desert 遗弃
deserted 为人所弃的
desolation 孤独，凄凉
desperate 不顾一切的，令人绝望的
devoted 投入的，深爱的
diffident 缺乏自信的
disservice 伤害，虐待，不亲切的行为
distance 疏远
divorce 离婚
drowsy 昏昏欲睡
eccentric 古怪；行为古怪的人
egoism 自残主义
emotion 情绪，情感，感情
emotional needs 感情需求
encouraging 鼓舞人心的
energetic 精神饱满的
enthusiasm 热情
estrangement 疏远
extra-marital affairs 婚外恋
faithful 守信的，忠实的，可靠的,
fervent 热情的
fidelity 忠诚
foster 鼓励
friendly 友好的
frustrated 失败的，落空的，受挫的
gap 隔阂
harmonious 和谐的，和睦的
hatred 憎恨，仇恨
hobnob with 亲密，亲*
hopeful 怀有希望的，有希望的
hopeless 没有希望的，绝望的
hostility 敌意，恶意，不友善
ignore 不理睬，忽视
ill-treat 虐待
indifferent 冷漠的
inferior 自卑的，劣等的
inhospitable 冷淡的，不好客的
inhospitality 冷淡，不和气，冷漠
intimity 亲密，亲*，隐私
introverted 内向的，含蓄的
isolated 孤独的
languid懒洋洋的
loyal 忠诚的，忠心的
maltreat 虐待
misunderstanding 误会，误解
neglect 忽视
nonchalance 冷淡
optimist 乐天派，乐观者
pessimistic 悲观的，厌世的
proximity 接*，亲*
rebellious 反叛的
refreshing 令人精神爽快的
resentment 怨恨，愤恨
worry 烦恼，忧虑，苦恼
a sense of belonging 归属感
abuse, neglect and delinquency 虐待，忽视，行为
addiction 沉溺，上瘾
adolescent 青春期的，青春的；青少年
affection 友爱，爱情
aggressive 好斗的，侵略性
aggressive behavior 进攻性行为
alluring 吸引人的
an egocentric person 自私自利的.人
anomaly 不规则，异常的人或物
antisocial 不擅社交的，反社会的
armed robbery 持械抢劫
arson 纵火，纵火罪
assault 攻击
avenge oneself on 向……报仇，向……进行报复
be charged with被指控犯罪
be guilty of 有罪
be prone to social ills 易受到社会恶*的侵蚀
bully 欺凌弱小者，威吓，威逼
burglary 入室行窃
caring 有同情心的
child abuse 摧残儿童，虐待儿童
confidence, self-esteem and life skills 信心，自信和生活技能
copy 模仿
curiosity 好奇
degenerate 堕落
delinquent 违法者；违法的
depravation 颓废，堕落
depraved f 堕落的，邪恶的
detrimental 有害的
differentiate virtue from evil 辨明是非
distinguish between right and wrong 辨别是非
distinguish good from evil 分辨善恶
distinguish right from wrong 辨明是非
domestic violence 家庭暴力
drug addict 吸毒者
drugs and alcohol 毒品和酒精
dupe 易受骗的人，易受愚弄的人；欺骗，愚弄
egoist 自我主义者
emotional 情绪的，情感的
emotional exchanges 感情交流
evil 邪恶的；邪恶，罪恶
fall victims to 成为牺牲品
female violent crime 妇女暴力犯罪
follow like sheep 盲从
follow suit 跟从
go astray 误入歧途
guilty 犯罪的，有罪的
have a tremendous impact 有深远的影响
ignorance 无知
illiteracy 文盲
imitate 模仿
immature 不成熟
indecent material 猥亵的材料
inexperience 无经验，不熟练
inexperienced 经验的，不熟练的，缺乏处世之道或知识的
innocence 天真，清白
intervention 干涉
irrational 不理性的；不合理的
juvenile 青少年的
lax discipline 纪律
literacy 有文化，有教养，有读写能力
lure 引诱
mass media 大众媒体
material comforts 物质享受
mimic 模仿
misleading 引入歧途的，使人误解的，骗人的
money-oriented拜金主义的
monitoring and supervision 监管
morally corrupt 道德败坏的
naive 天真的，幼稚的
negative role model 负面的榜样
nurture 养育，教育
obsession 迷住，困扰
offender 罪犯，冒犯者
offensive material 不恰当的材料
outlaw 歹徒
parental permissiveness 家长的过分宽容
peer influence 同伴的影响
peer pressure 来自同伴的压力
perpetrate 犯（罪）
perpetrator 犯罪者，作恶者
personality traits 性格特征
perverted 不正当的
physical abuse 体罚
*ographic felt **的，**作品的
*ography 色俗文学，色借书刊
poverty贫穷，贫困
pregnancy 怀孕
prevention 预防，防止甂
primp （过分讲究地）打扮，装饰
proper guidance 恰当的指引
property 财产，所有物
prostitution 卖淫
rationalization 合理化
resist the temptation 抵挡住诱惑
respect 尊敬
retaliate 报复
risky behaviors 危险的行为
role model 行为榜样
self-centered 自我为中心的
sequacious 盲从的
sexual harassment 性骚扰
single-parent family 单亲家庭
sinister 险恶的，邪恶的
spoiled 宠坏的
strengthening the family ties 密切家庭感情
substance abuse 滥用毒品
take fantasy for reality 把虚幻当现实
take vengeance on 报仇
tempting 诱惑人的
thievery 偷窃
trusting 信任的，信赖的
untrustworthy 不能信赖的，靠不住的
unwed mother 未婚妈妈
upbringing 抚育，教养
victim 受害人，牺牲品
victimization 受害，牺牲，欺骗
violence in domestic relationships 家庭暴力
vulgar 粗俗的
wipe out illiteracy 扫除文盲
