《英语新课程标准》要求初中学生掌握听、说、读、写四种基本技能。而在这四种技能中，“写”这一技能又是一种较高的综合语言能力的训练，是学生对所学语言知识的综合运用，对学生综合能力的要求颇高，因此学生往往对写作感到力不从心。爱因斯坦曾说过：“教师的最高艺术是用富于独创性的教学方法去传授知识，并给学生带来快乐。”我认为阅读和写作之间存在着相互促进的关系。因此，我尝试着通过阅读来训练初中生进行英语写作，这样不仅可以帮助学生解决写作兴趣、材料、认识深度等有关问题；还可以培养学生的求索精神、科研意识和探究能力，从而提高写的能力。
初中生的阅读水*大致可分为两个层次：掌握的表层意义和掌握的深层意义。前者只注重情节，主要停留在一般感知水*，带有较大的被动性和表面性，属于泛读；后者能把握主题和写作方法，达到理解的水*，并能消化吸收，有较大的主动性和深刻性，属于精读。少数写作水*较高的学生阅读水*已达到第二个层次，而多数一般水*的学生还停留在第一个层次。这说明阅读水*的高低和写作水*的高低是相联系的。英语阅读课的教学分为精读和泛读两种类型。精读和泛读对于写作都是必要的。
一、写作与精读课的结合：精读主要是介绍新词、词组和基本句型以及系统地讲授各种阅读技能和基本写作技能。随着现代语言教学的迅速发展，语言教学的重点渐渐地发生了由词到句，由句子到语篇的转移。新的教学大纲又提出了更高的要求，“培养学生的交际能力”。这就要求英语教学不仅要重视词句的语言训练，还要逐步发展在语篇水*上进行交际的能力。一般说来，英语中每一个正规的段落都有一个中心句，该段落就是根据这个中心句展开这样，可使学生熟悉各种文体并在写作中抓住主题，避免离题、中心思想不突出、组织结构混乱等错误，以掌握基本的写作技巧。还应针对学生在写作中经常出现的语言错误，加强重点词语和句型及同义词、词的搭配的讲解，并有针对性地进行一定的笔头练*，应用新学的词和句型进行汉英互译、组词造句等写作练*，从而使学生在写作中遣词造句准确、简洁，语法规范，减少用词不当、中国式英语的出现。
二、写作与泛读课的结合：泛读是通过大量的阅读，扩大学生的语言知识，进一步巩固学生在精读课中学到的阅读技巧，学会以英语为工具获取所需信息的阅读。泛读和写作的结合可分为1、改写：改写可取有难度的一段或几段来进行。改写前，教师要对原文及文体做必要的解释，要求学生仿照原文的文体，用自己的话写出原文的意思。被改写的句子应简单明了，且不能改动原来句子或段落的意思，这样的练*可培养学生举一反三的语言表达能力。2、复述：这个练*要求学生把所阅读的大意用自己的话进行口头复述，而且尽量选择学生感兴趣的阅读材料进行复述。复述有助于学生加深对的理解，培养学生灵活运用语言的能力。3、缩写：首先要求学生对原文理解透彻，并有一定的综合归纳能力。缩写文其实就是原文的精华和梗概，它不允许改动原文内容，只是删去中作者引用的各种事例、事实。一般用第三人称，不加入任何个人的评论和解释。缩写文必须是一篇内容完整、语言精练的。缩写文的练*有助于加强学生对的理解，提高学生归纳总结和书面语言表达的能力。
下面我谈谈自己在教学中的几种具体的训练方法:
一、记忆单词，扩充词汇
按照语言学*规律，英语教学的次序应是：词―句―篇。“词”是基础，“句”是过渡或桥梁，“篇”是目的。整个训练遵循“词不离句，句不离篇”的原则，由易到难，由简到繁，循序渐进，不断提高。这三个阶段彼此衔接，教会学生在大量的阅读训练中学会运用词句，从而达到在书面表达教学中“教、学、用”三者的统一。书面表达需要一定的词汇量，没有掌握一定量的词汇，写作寸步难行，“巧妇难为无米之炊”。学生书面表达时容易忘记单词或把汉英词汇等同起来。因此，要求学生每天坚持积累阅读中出现的重点单词，掌握并巩固这些词汇。还要求学生给出与单词有关的短语，使词汇量得到最大限度的扩充。
二、学以致用，注重积累
写作应从词句练起，记忆所学的词和词组的最好方法是在使用中记忆。所以模仿阅读课文中的重点句造句，自由造句，汉译英都是最基本的训练，也是培养学生初步的英语思维的基本途径。这个阶段教师要有充分的耐心，对学生及时改错，以期培养学生的地道的英语思维和规范的英语表达，为写出整体规范的英语作文打下坚实的基础。阅读后，总结重点词句，通过口头、笔头进行造句练*，模仿文中例句或做替换练*是巩固记忆的好方法。例如：若以“Tal abut ur subects in schl”为话题进行书面表达，教师可将词组套入以下句型，并让学生掌握：“M favrite subect is..；I a gd at… / I en… / I prefer… t… / I a interested in… / I a ging t… this ter.”教师应重视阅读课文中的重点句子练*，引导学生从对单个句型的掌握，逐渐过渡到多种句型的混用，直到学生能连贯自如地表达思想。教师要尽可能地让学生积累多种句型，并且指导学生各种句型的应用特点，以避免学生在写作时只是机械地堆砌句型。
三、连句成意、巧妙改写
此项训练的主要目的是培养学生把语法项目、阅读内容和体裁有机结合起来的能力。一篇好的英语作文标准之一就是能够运用比较贴切的连词将句子有机地连接起来，使句子流畅，意思连贯，逻辑合理，层次分明。一旦学生对英文写作的常规模式有了大概的理解和辨认能力，教师便可以开始在教学过程中将阅读和写作两方面的技能结合起来进行教学。首先可以让学生辨别原文中某一段落的模式，熟悉其中句子的不同功能、所提供的信息及相关的词汇手段；然后让学生依照这一模式写出一个类似的段落，教师再引导学生对此进行分析。这样，学生可以及时地得到教师的反馈，并及时在词汇手段、意义表达和结构等方面与原文进行对照。这是有指导地进行写作的一个典型，目的是使学生能够充分准确地表达思想。这一过程同时还可提高学生的阅读理解能力，因为阅读理解的练*是要求学生在理解原文及练*的基础上，寻找出所需的信息。
为了便于学生书面写作潜能的发挥，还可以要求他们模仿阅读课文进行改写。改写课文，是学生对语言材料吸收存储内化整理然后根据自己对课文的理解进行创造性的语言复述。它不是机械地默写原文，而是基于理解的创新。它不仅有利于学生对语言材料的理解巩固和积累，有利于提高学生的想象能力、思维能力及系统连贯的语言能力，长期坚持进行课文改写，学生的理解和运用语言的能力都将得到明显的提高。初中低年级时，可先对课文进行充分的句型转换，以降低难度，然后逐步过渡到尽量让学生可以自行改写。需要注意的是如果每一篇阅读课文的改写任务都一成不变的话，学生容易产生厌倦感，所以教师必须动脑筋，变花样，创造性地使用教材，从而保持学生改写的兴趣。改写的类型可以有对单篇课文的缩写，扩写，对话与记叙互改，改写结局，补充情节，续写结尾等。
阅读与写作相互依赖，相互促进。阅读是写作的基础，通过阅读可以拓宽学生的视野，增强阅读理解能力，获取写作素材；写作训练反过来也会促进阅读质量的提高。它们的结合不仅可行，而且对教学大有裨益。在教学实践中，教师要在充分注意阅读和写作内在联系的基础上，使二者有机地融为一体，在培养学生阅读能力的同时，融人写作技能的训练，使学生利用所学的语言知识，即已储存的信息，进行创造性的发挥，从中掌握正确的英语表达方式，在阅读、积累、思考、表达等相互联系的`实践活动中亲身体验阅读与写作在提高语言运用能力上的重要作用。我们可以在充分发挥学生阅读技能的过程中提高其写作技能，并在使用写作技能的过程中提高其阅读能力，二者相得益彰。
一、培养基础英语写作能力
转变英语学*观念，培养基础英语写作能力是提高商务英语写作能力的基础和关键。为此，必须抓好以下三个环节:
1.不断通过写作练*培养英语语法的应用能力，重视掌握有关词汇的用法，以便能运切实用有关语法和词汇去写作。这是英语写作的基础。
不仅要记住语法规则，更重要的是要通过做各种各样的写作练*，以达到在写作中能正确运用有关语法规则。要记住英语单词的汉语意思，更重要的是要通过阅读在上下文中准确掌握英语单词的用法。单词的用法(主要是实词的用法)主要包括：单词的确切意思-包括其情感意义、文体色彩等;它与有关同义词或近义词的区别;它的*惯性搭配。这样，学*者才能在写作中避免那些尽管语法上没有什么错误、用词却有明显错误的现象。
2.通过大量阅读逐渐培养英语思维，并掌握一些写好句子的技巧，以便在把句子写正确的同时，不断培养用地道的英语把句子写好的能力。
结合提高阅读能力，大量阅读各类题材的英语文章，有意识地逐渐培养英语思维，并把它用于写作。在阅读过程中要注意:不要死扣每句英语的汉语意思，而应着重获取作者所要传递的信息;对于相对简易的、与日常生活或所学专业有关的文章，应注意某些意思的英语表达方式，尤其要注意与汉语有明显不同的表达方式，注意其用词、词序、搭配等，以便将来写作时有效地模仿，使写出的句子地道化。掌握英语句子的写作技巧，恰当运用各种类型的句子。
3.了解一些英语段落、篇章的组织和写作知识。所写段落与篇章均要力求连贯(coherence)和衔接(cohesion)。篇章的用词和句式在文体上一般要保持一致(unity)。
二、商务英语文体特点
要提高商务英语写作水*，除了要有扎实的英语基本功，还要对商务英语文体特点有充分的认识，准确的区别不同体裁商务英语的风格特点，从而写出满足不同商务目的的要求的商务文件。不同的商务环境相对应的不同的商务活动也是不相同的，了解商务英语语言的共同特点、风格、语篇结构而且清楚认识在不同商务活动中商务英语写作的具体特点和要求。它包括构思、起草、修改3个阶段。
1.构思阶段
商务英语写作在此切断必须考虑三个文体：(1)写作目的-通知、请求、说服、存档;(2)写给谁-客户、上级、同事、下属;(3)字数要求;(4)形式结构-计划或建议报告、商务函件、备忘录、电子邮件。明确这些要求后，需要考虑语篇结构，采用那种陈述顺序-直接顺序、间接顺序、直接于间接混合顺序。
2.起草阶段
起草阶段，是将构思阶段在头脑中形成的想法以书面文字的形式呈现出来。商务英语写作的最终目的是为了获的读者的支持、信任和好感。而且还要注意礼貌用词，例如使用褒义词、适当的头衔、不带任何性别、种族和年龄偏见的词等。
作为专门用途英语的商务英语，因其特殊目的，希望通过最有效的沟通提供给合作者更容易理解的清楚具体的信息。其信函在词汇选择上，遵循3c原则:
(1)conciseness(精简)。在复合词与简单词之间、长词与短词之间，应选择简单词或短词;在词组与单词之间，选择单词，尽量不使用不必要的介词词组;
(2)clarity(明白)。要准确传达商务交流的内容，必须避免使用模棱两可的词语或表达方式，这样才能使信函意义明确，不被误解，表达思想才能够更突出。避免在同一信函或其他写作中使用同一词。避免使用“if”，“hope”，“but”等表示疑问的词。在日期表达上，涉及到具体某月，均使用那个月的具体名词，如“January，February，…”。避免用“instant， ultimo，approx”等不确定词语。另外避免将日期写成如“5/4/1995”类似的形式，因为对于英国*惯是4月5日，而美国*惯是5月4日。
(3)Courtesy(礼貌)。尽量使用表示肯定的词汇，少用否定词，因为否定词给人一种否定的印象，或者还有指责对方的意思肯定对方时用词多用“you”，“your”，少用“I”，“we”，“us”，“our”，此种方式即“以客户为中心的‘You―attitude’”表达形式，因为不管你的目的是提供信息、说服别人还是增进友谊，最能打动人。
3.修改阶段
商务英语写作在修改阶段，力求句子简洁明了，段落清晰完整如上文所述。
完成商务英语写作过程在商务写作中，还应注意所选词语的礼貌性，讲话要婉转客气。的第一阶段是写出高水*商务英语的前提。提高商务英语写作能力的关键是把握商务英语写作的三个基本原则-简洁、准确、完整以及商务活动应遵循的语用策略-礼貌、合作。总之，商务英语的文体决定了商务英语写作的基本原则;简洁-才能提高效益;准确-才能避免延误;完整-才能显示逻辑思考能力。
由于教育背景和工作经历的不同而写作风格各异，但他共同遵循的写作宗旨是明晰扼要，其商务文稿要力求开门见山，扣住主题，思路清楚，层次分明，内容具体而完整。现代商业写作做到这些还远远不够。要走出写作风格的误区:一是避免使用套话。二是少用大词多用小词。用简单的言词交流思想，使人感到亲切，书面语向口语化过渡。然而写作的口语化并不意味着要用俚语或行话，因为它们的用法是有局限性的，很难用得恰到好处，弄不好让人感觉随意无礼，容易产生费解和误解。时代的发展变化促使语言更新由繁到简，这不免引起一些人的抱怨，他们认为这是“稀释”了英语。竞争如此激烈的社会，人们惜时如金，那个人会愿意听您咬文嚼字，仔细去揣模字里行间的文学色彩，欣赏书面语措词如何地道。
由上可见，不同文体的英语语言有不同的使用标准、礼貌标准以及传达含义的约束化表达方式，只有了解和掌握现代商务英语词汇的文体特征和应遵循的要求，才能处理好对外业务往来中的各类商务写作，使相关业务顺利开展下去。
《英语新课程标准》要求初中学生掌握听、说、读、写四种基本技能。而在这四种技能中，“写”这一技能又是一种较高的综合语言能力的训练，是学生对所学语言知识的综合运用，对学生综合能力的要求颇高，因此学生往往对写作感到力不从心。爱因斯坦曾说过：“教师的最高艺术是用富于独创性的教学方法去传授知识，并给学生带来快乐。”我认为阅读和写作之间存在着相互促进的关系。因此，我尝试着通过阅读来训练初中生进行英语写作，这样不仅可以帮助学生解决写作兴趣、材料、认识深度等有关问题；还可以培养学生的求索精神、科研意识和探究能力，从而提高写的能力。
初中生的阅读水*大致可分为两个层次：掌握的表层意义和掌握的深层意义。前者只注重情节，主要停留在一般感知水*，带有较大的被动性和表面性，属于泛读；后者能把握主题和写作方法，达到理解的水*，并能消化吸收，有较大的主动性和深刻性，属于精读。少数写作水*较高的学生阅读水*已达到第二个层次，而多数一般水*的学生还停留在第一个层次。这说明阅读水*的高低和写作水*的高低是相联系的。英语阅读课的教学分为精读和泛读两种类型。精读和泛读对于写作都是必要的。
一、写作与精读课的结合：精读主要是介绍新词、词组和基本句型以及系统地讲授各种阅读技能和基本写作技能。随着现代语言教学的迅速发展，语言教学的重点渐渐地发生了由词到句，由句子到语篇的转移。新的教学大纲又提出了更高的要求，“培养学生的交际能力”。这就要求英语教学不仅要重视词句的语言训练，还要逐步发展在语篇水*上进行交际的能力。一般说来，英语中每一个正规的段落都有一个中心句，该段落就是根据这个中心句展开这样，可使学生熟悉各种文体并在写作中抓住主题，避免离题、中心思想不突出、组织结构混乱等错误，以掌握基本的写作技巧。还应针对学生在写作中经常出现的语言错误，加强重点词语和句型及同义词、词的搭配的讲解，并有针对性地进行一定的笔头练*，应用新学的词和句型进行汉英互译、组词造句等写作练*，从而使学生在写作中遣词造句准确、简洁，语法规范，减少用词不当、中国式英语的出现。
二、写作与泛读课的结合：泛读是通过大量的阅读，扩大学生的语言知识，进一步巩固学生在精读课中学到的阅读技巧，学会以英语为工具获取所需信息的阅读。泛读和写作的结合可分为1、改写：改写可取有难度的一段或几段来进行。改写前，教师要对原文及文体做必要的解释，要求学生仿照原文的文体，用自己的话写出原文的意思。被改写的句子应简单明了，且不能改动原来句子或段落的意思，这样的练*可培养学生举一反三的语言表达能力。2、复述：这个练*要求学生把所阅读的大意用自己的话进行口头复述，而且尽量选择学生感兴趣的阅读材料进行复述。复述有助于学生加深对的理解，培养学生灵活运用语言的能力。3、缩写：首先要求学生对原文理解透彻，并有一定的综合归纳能力。缩写文其实就是原文的精华和梗概，它不允许改动原文内容，只是删去中作者引用的各种事例、事实。一般用第三人称，不加入任何个人的评论和解释。缩写文必须是一篇内容完整、语言精练的。缩写文的练*有助于加强学生对的理解，提高学生归纳总结和书面语言表达的能力。
下面我谈谈自己在教学中的几种具体的训练方法:
一、记忆单词，扩充词汇
按照语言学*规律，英语教学的次序应是：词―句―篇。“词”是基础，“句”是过渡或桥梁，“篇”是目的。整个训练遵循“词不离句，句不离篇”的原则，由易到难，由简到繁，循序渐进，不断提高。这三个阶段彼此衔接，教会学生在大量的阅读训练中学会运用词句，从而达到在书面表达教学中“教、学、用”三者的统一。书面表达需要一定的词汇量，没有掌握一定量的词汇，写作寸步难行，“巧妇难为无米之炊”。学生书面表达时容易忘记单词或把汉英词汇等同起来。因此，要求学生每天坚持积累阅读中出现的'重点单词，掌握并巩固这些词汇。还要求学生给出与单词有关的短语，使词汇量得到最大限度的扩充。
二、学以致用，注重积累
写作应从词句练起，记忆所学的词和词组的最好方法是在使用中记忆。所以模仿阅读课文中的重点句造句，自由造句，汉译英都是最基本的训练，也是培养学生初步的英语思维的基本途径。这个阶段教师要有充分的耐心，对学生及时改错，以期培养学生的地道的英语思维和规范的英语表达，为写出整体规范的英语作文打下坚实的基础。阅读后，总结重点词句，通过口头、笔头进行造句练*，模仿文中例句或做替换练*是巩固记忆的好方法。例如：若以“Tal abut ur subects in schl”为话题进行书面表达，教师可将词组套入以下句型，并让学生掌握：“M favrite subect is..；I a gd at… / I en… / I prefer… t… / I a interested in… / I a ging t… this ter.”教师应重视阅读课文中的重点句子练*，引导学生从对单个句型的掌握，逐渐过渡到多种句型的混用，直到学生能连贯自如地表达思想。教师要尽可能地让学生积累多种句型，并且指导学生各种句型的应用特点，以避免学生在写作时只是机械地堆砌句型。
三、连句成意、巧妙改写
此项训练的主要目的是培养学生把语法项目、阅读内容和体裁有机结合起来的能力。一篇好的英语作文标准之一就是能够运用比较贴切的连词将句子有机地连接起来，使句子流畅，意思连贯，逻辑合理，层次分明。一旦学生对英文写作的常规模式有了大概的理解和辨认能力，教师便可以开始在教学过程中将阅读和写作两方面的技能结合起来进行教学。首先可以让学生辨别原文中某一段落的模式，熟悉其中句子的不同功能、所提供的信息及相关的词汇手段；然后让学生依照这一模式写出一个类似的段落，教师再引导学生对此进行分析。这样，学生可以及时地得到教师的反馈，并及时在词汇手段、意义表达和结构等方面与原文进行对照。这是有指导地进行写作的一个典型，目的是使学生能够充分准确地表达思想。这一过程同时还可提高学生的阅读理解能力，因为阅读理解的练*是要求学生在理解原文及练*的基础上，寻找出所需的信息。
为了便于学生书面写作潜能的发挥，还可以要求他们模仿阅读课文进行改写。改写课文，是学生对语言材料吸收存储内化整理然后根据自己对课文的理解进行创造性的语言复述。它不是机械地默写原文，而是基于理解的创新。它不仅有利于学生对语言材料的理解巩固和积累，有利于提高学生的想象能力、思维能力及系统连贯的语言能力，长期坚持进行课文改写，学生的理解和运用语言的能力都将得到明显的提高。初中低年级时，可先对课文进行充分的句型转换，以降低难度，然后逐步过渡到尽量让学生可以自行改写。需要注意的是如果每一篇阅读课文的改写任务都一成不变的话，学生容易产生厌倦感，所以教师必须动脑筋，变花样，创造性地使用教材，从而保持学生改写的兴趣。改写的类型可以有对单篇课文的缩写，扩写，对话与记叙互改，改写结局，补充情节，续写结尾等。
阅读与写作相互依赖，相互促进。阅读是写作的基础，通过阅读可以拓宽学生的视野，增强阅读理解能力，获取写作素材；写作训练反过来也会促进阅读质量的提高。它们的结合不仅可行，而且对教学大有裨益。在教学实践中，教师要在充分注意阅读和写作内在联系的基础上，使二者有机地融为一体，在培养学生阅读能力的同时，融人写作技能的训练，使学生利用所学的语言知识，即已储存的信息，进行创造性的发挥，从中掌握正确的英语表达方式，在阅读、积累、思考、表达等相互联系的实践活动中亲身体验阅读与写作在提高语言运用能力上的重要作用。我们可以在充分发挥学生阅读技能的过程中提高其写作技能，并在使用写作技能的过程中提高其阅读能力，二者相得益彰。
A、托福写作什么是合适的理由?
a.理由要切题，不能和所讨论话题无关、或关联太小。
比如：图书馆投资书还是计算机话题，有人说买计算机好是因为：计算机的屏幕看起来很舒服，而且可以越做越大(图书馆是用来获得信息的，大屏幕计算机有点奢侈吧?不是主要理由);有人说计算机对现代人很重要找工作都要求计算机能力，所以投资计算机。(这个干脆就跑题了。他应该是用来说明大学里开始计算机课是必须的这个话题的。)
b.理由不能过于道德低下，也不能过于高尚。
比如：用计算机打字好还是笔写好，有人说打字好，这样写恐吓信不会被**识破。为钱工作还是为兴趣工作，有人说为兴趣工作，认为钱根本不重要，只要自己感兴趣，完全可以不要钱，"全心全意为人民服务"了，好象连BASIC NECESSATIES都不要，饿着肚皮就可以工作了。(应该说钱不是首要目的，有一些能够满足生活的基本需要就行了，不能成为工作的唯一目的。)
c.理由不能违背话题的一般性
比如：图书馆投资书还是计算机话题，有人说我们图书馆早已经配备好的全新的PII了，不用再投资计算机了，全部去买书吧。这就违背了话题的愿意：把两种信息的媒介对比优胜劣汰。
d.理由不要在政治上敏感。
比如：让你重新生活一次，你选择何时何地有人说，选择科索沃，要成为一位杰出将领，重创北约。
B、托福写作是否可以写折衷型文章。如果可以注意什么?
有些话题可以写，但需要周密思维，两者能够有机的协调在一起，还良好语言功底，一般同学成功几率只占20%，所以不建议写。如：室内、室外活动哪个你喜欢，为什么。
有人描述了各自好处，结尾综合提到他们共同决定人的健康，一个physically,一个spiritually.要注意两面的优点缺点都有所涉及，并提出可行的折衷办法。有些话题是绝对不可以折衷的。比如投资一类的，买书还是买计算机，总不能买旧书和二手电脑吧。
速读，是通过速度较快的阅读迅速获取所需信息的一种阅读方法。一般而言，科技英语期刊论文具有篇幅较小、主题集中、连续性强等特点，阅读这类论文的常用方法是依次阅读论文的构成要素。但是在实际阅读中，标题帮助读者决定该论文是否有必要读，作者署名及工作单位不需予以特别关注，阅读摘要和关键词决定论文是否需要继续读。引言是可以略读的部分，正文部分的文献综述可以和参考文献结合起来读，以全面了解研究概况。研究方法、讨论与结论是论文最精华的部分，能充分体现研究价值，最需要细读。
在读者没有明确阅读目的时，按照以上方法阅读科技英语期刊论文能够获得较全面的信息。但这样阅读耗时长，读完以后未必能把握重点，即这样阅读不够快。如果读者阅读目的明确，阅读方法恰当，就能有效提高阅读速度。在赛恩斯编译看来，方法是由目的决定的，而阅读目的主要是为了获取主要内容或借鉴写作方法。下面，主要介绍以借鉴写作方法为目的的阅读方法。
一、以借鉴论文框架为目的的阅读方法。为借鉴框架而进行的阅读是以研究方法和表达形式为出发点的。在进行这样的阅读活动之前，读者通常对自己的写作内容有比较清晰的认识，却不知应如何表达。因此需要查找与自己的研究内容和方法类似的论文，将其框架作为写作参考。
如果所写论文要介绍某种研究方法，就需要首先查阅科技英文期刊目录，根据标题提取篇目。在按照页码找到相应篇目后，跳过摘要和关键词，直接关注首段的行文方式，可以摘录有用的句子模式。然后记录各级标题和子标题，分析标题之间的逻辑联系。最后阅读结论部分，方法同于首段阅读方法。
以介绍方法的论文为例，读者将一篇论文的首段和框架进行比较，可知论文开头通常介绍该方法的研究历史、运用领域和主要类别。正文一般包括引言、理论模式、新旧方法介绍和比较、方法运用情况、方法测试结果以及结论等。以此为参照，再给自己的论文“搭架子”就会容易得多。
二、以模仿论文格式为目的的阅读方法。与借鉴框架类似，此类阅读也是关注形式的。因此方法也比较接*。区别在于：
1.此类阅读不是选择与读者的研究方法类似的论文，而是选择读者发表论文的目的期刊。目的期刊论文的格式就是读者论文写作的格式。如果已投稿论文未被目的期刊采用，则需另投，因此应按照另稿的目的期刊调整格式。
2.对所阅读篇目的格式要做详细的记录。如论文由哪些部分组成(有的期刊不要求提供摘要、关键词和致谢等)；各组成部分的基本格式和排列顺序；各级标题的字体和字号；分栏要求、空格和空行规定；标点要求；注释格式和参考文献格式；等等。
例如，如果打算向某期刊投稿，首先应关注其稿件格式。该期刊的征稿启事中对于字号没有明确要求，但是通过已刊登的论文可知其论文的一般格式。需要强调的是，编辑在决定是否录用论文时首先关注标题和格式。由于稿件量极大，即使标题很吸引人，如果格式不符合要求，编辑可能就不会继续读。即很有研究价值的论文，也会因为格式问题而被否定。因为格式在一定程度上能够反映研究者的科研态度是否严谨，是否有投稿的诚意。因此如果希望稿件被录用，切不可忽视以格式为目的的阅读。
综上所述，快速阅读是目的明确的阅读，是讲究*惯和方法的阅读，是有详有略的阅读。读者可以以这些方法为基础，不断探索积累，根据自身的阅读特点形成和丰富自己特有的快速阅读方法。
——如何学*英语实用10份
简单原则：
1、造就成就感，培养自信。
2、增加兴趣。
3、语言朗朗上口。
4、易于学以致用。
量的原则：
多-—好，更多-—更好，最多-—最好。
重复原则：
英语有句谚语"repetition is the motherof skill(重复是技能之母)"。你可以回忆一下你学*任何一种技能的过程。无论是游泳还是骑自行车，都是重复同一类动作的过程。任何技能的获得，当然包括英语这项语言技能，均来自重复。在刚开始学*英语口语时，重复原则就更为重要。记得在天天英语中有个跟读的功能，它就是让你能够不断的.跟读、重复，并且将你的声音进行录制，可以在不断重复跟读的过程中找到自己的差距。
模仿原则：
语言是人们在长时间的实践中形成的认同符号，其运用"规则"可依。孩子学语言是个模仿的过程，他们每天模仿父母、周围的人、电视等一切可以模仿的东西，并且模仿得越来越象，突然有一天，他们停止模仿了，并且逐渐形成融合自己个性特征的语言方式。
英语词汇是构成英语句子最基本的要素，要学好英语首先要过好词汇关。一般情况下，学生都有一种依赖心理或者是怕麻烦，所以词汇问题往往被动地对待老师在课堂上解决。这样不仅延误了学*的时间，同时也容易养成一种依赖的不良*惯。长此以往，自然就缺乏主动获取的动机。实际上，只要自己付出一点努力，很多问题就可以提前解决，并且可以走在老师的前面。下面给同学们谈谈如何自主学*英语词汇：
1.精心挑选一本质量较高的英语词典(辞典）：
作为一个高中生来说，必须具备一本质量较高的英语词典（如：外语教学与研究出版社出版的《朗文当代高级英语辞典》）。好的英语词典就相对于一位随时可以请教的高级老师，不少问题都可以在词典中找到答案。
2.科学查阅、使用英语词典：
1）重点关注动词的用法：毫无疑问，动词是所有词汇中的重点，因为动词使用的频率最高，范围最大。在学*过程中要特别关注：（1）动词的一词多义，尤其是课本以外的一些词义；（2）留意动词的搭配：一是动词与名词的搭配；二是动词与介词的搭配；三是动词与副词的搭配。通常来说，例句最多，篇幅越大的词语，其使用频率就越大，所以也就显得更重要。
2）关注常用的介词短语归纳；3）关注常用的形容词短语归纳4）关注常用词语的辨析的例句。
3.学会在例句中观察、发现与归纳：
在英语词典中，一般都会提供一定数量的例句，这些例句就是很好的示范，只要自己认真观察一下，就能发现相关词汇的搭配以及常用的句型。在此基础上尝试自己归纳一下其用法，然后再模仿造句，这样一个基本的学*过程就完成了。
4.适当做一些词汇学*笔记：
在学*词汇过程中，要特别记下那些中英文表达出入较大或不能望文生义的一些词语（这也往往是考查的重点或表达中的易错点），还有那些经典的句型或惯用法。
符合孩子的程度
要选择符合孩子认知程度的教材，程度要适当，太简单会停滞孩子的学*，太难会让他们有挫折感。
选择贴*生活的主题
要选择贴*生活主题的教材，观察孩子的兴趣，投其所好。假设他喜欢车子，就选择有车子的教材；假设喜欢水果，就选择有水果的教材，以此类推，让孩子将生活与英语结合在一起。
选择好玩的教材
要选择好玩的教材，让他能够操作的、幽默的、能够游戏的、压力小及趣味高的，而且记住不要一直把学*当作前提，只要孩子觉得好玩就会学*，没有兴趣当然不想接触。
避免雷同
不要买太大套的书，孩子会很难消化，因为孩子是很善变的，错过了有兴趣的时间，就不想去碰了，家长一下子买很多的书，内容、形式又很相似，孩子容易反感，况且家长钱都花了，一定会急于让孩子看完，小孩一有压力反而就不看了。专家建议家长，尽量买单本的、变化性多，且要配合孩子的兴趣，少量多餐，慢慢的孩子的英语程度就会提高。
主题要鲜明
如果是有声音的话，不要选择背景音乐太复杂的，CD的背景画面也不要太花，这样会抢走了原本要让孩子听或看的重点。
选择适合孩子的英语教材，引发他们的兴趣很重要，以下几点是专家给我们的建议：
如何引导孩子学英语？
除了学校之外，父母在家也可以自己教导孩子英语，但重点是要引起他的注意，如果单单只是拿个英语字卡贴在沙发或电视等地方却一点也不吸引他也是枉然。不如自制字卡、图卡，但要用鲜艳的颜色及活泼的方式才能引导他。还有，可以先选择他喜欢听的儿歌，因为中文和英语的语音差别很大，要让他先不排斥、先听得进去，再让他学别的。而且唱歌很快就学会了，容易让孩子得到成就感，觉得英语很简单。
专家强调，一定要了解孩子的发展，如果家长不了解，一直强迫孩子接受，孩子反而会排斥。亲子关系不像师生间的关系，如果教学的成分太高，非但学不好，还会破坏亲子关系。而且家长也不懂教学方法，与其贸然教学，不如跟他玩，例如翻扑克牌、一起玩刊物上的小游戏等。
况且不是每个孩子都有英语天分，有些人就是对语文没兴趣，不能因为觉得这科很重要，就强迫孩子一定要很厉害。家长所能做的，就是尽量提供很多的机会与教材，孩子能不能成功，还需要许多条件的配合，而且要多试几种方法，不是别人说有效，你的孩子不喜欢就责怪孩子，也很可能这套教材现在不适合他，过些时候反而兴趣盎然了。
如何使自己顺利地完成由初中英语学*到高中英语学*的过渡，是每一位高一新生都面临而且应重视的问题。笔者认为要搞好高中起始阶段的英语学*，阅读是关键。高中英语教学大纲对阅读提到了较高的层次。阅读量除课文外，还应补充１０万?２０万词。如何使初中“初级阶段”的阅读水*过渡到较高层次是每一位高中起始阶段学生必须面对的一个重大问题。为此，高中起始阶段学生掌握如何进行阅读是十分必要的。由此可见，中学生阅读能力的培养显得越来越重要。
同时，高一学生的学**惯至关重要。高一学生对初中阶段学**惯有继承性，但应更有发展性、完善性。根据语言学*的规律，预*和复*是良好的学**惯中不可缺的环节。课前的预*是上好课的基本前提和必要准备；复*是进一步消化理解，巩固记忆，把所学的内容条理化、系统化的过程，是与遗忘进行斗争的过程，复*应及时，复*的方式应多样化。当然良好的学**惯还包括课上主动参与，独立作业，及时分析错误，不断总结等。
高一学生如能发挥自己的主导作用，做好*的主人，学会学*，就能顺利地完成初、高中英语的衔接，把高中起始阶段的英语学*搞好。
学生从升入初一开始，关于中、高考的战斗已经开始。面对中考和高考这两次重要的考试，细节往往决定着最终的成败，而大起大落的学生最终考试结果往往是“落”。因此，做个完美的规划，注重*时功夫，夯实基础，对刚入初一的学生显得尤为重要！那么你知道如何能培养对应于学*的兴趣吗？
1、投资我们的时间和心智。
我们并不傻，有足够的智慧和大脑空间来消化储存那些ABCD。别人能学会，我们也能学会，只要我们善于投资自己的时间。上帝赋于我们每日24小时，上班8小时，睡觉7小时，三餐饭2小时，莫名其妙kill2小时，无论如何应有1小时来学*。越忙的人，越有时间做事；；越闲越懒散的人，越找不到时间来做事。
2、要从心底滋生出一种对英语的喜爱之情。
把学英语当成一个开心而愉快的美差，而不是硬着头皮。头悬梁。锥刺骨的苦力。因此，先要从简单的入手，找一本好教材或一本故事书（生词量不超过30%）悉心研读，默识揣摸，就会有收获感，尝到甜头，进而信心更足。如开始就啃一本词汇量太大，没有词典看不下去的书，只会扼杀学*兴趣，降低情绪，最终放弃。
3、要有自我约束力，且称之为“心力”吧。
“春来不是读书天，夏日炎炎正好眠，秋来蚊虫冬又冷，背起书包待明年。”总有一些理由不学*。这样下去，我们的英语之树永远长不大。古人云：“人静而后安，安而能后定，定而能后慧，慧而能后悟，悟而能后得。”很有道理。在四川大足佛教石刻艺术中，有一组大型佛雕《牧牛图》，描绘了一个牧童和牛由斗争。对抗到逐渐融合。协调，最后合而为一的故事。佛祖说：“人的心魔难伏，就象牛一样，私心杂念太多太多；；修行者就要象牧童，修炼他们，驯服他们，以完美自已的人生。”我们学英语也一样，要能够驯服那些影响我们学*的大牛。小牛，抵制各种诱惑，集中精力，专心学*。
4、要有信心。
英语不过是表达思想的一种工具。一种说话*惯而已。我们要坚信，只要有投入，有付出，就会有收获。绝不会“付出的爱收不回。”
5、要有实际行动。
一个真正的马拉松运动员绝不会空等奥林匹克金牌从天下掉下来，现在就行动起来。
6、要有连续性。持续性。
学英语是一个漫长的过程，走走停停便难有成就。比如烧开水，在烧到80度时停下来，等水冷了又烧，没烧开又停，如此周而复始，又费精力又费电，很难喝到水，学英语要一鼓作气。天天坚持，在完全忘记之前及时复*。加深印象，如此反复，直至形成永久性记忆。如果等到忘记了再来复*，就象又学新知识一样，那么，我们就永远是初学者，虽然在辛辛苦苦地烧开水，却难品味到其甘润。
同学们好！老师好！
今天我要演讲的是我对于英语的学*方法和态度，不需要花太多的时间，只要能够理解就可以了。
我认为，学*英语的方法其实很简单，那些辅导材料只不过就是巩固知识。而我们在巩固知识前，就得学会学*英语。兴趣，记忆力和自信就是我的秘诀。
第一步：兴趣。兴趣使然，如果你把学英语当成是一种娱乐，一种使你兴趣盎然的娱乐方式。我把英语当做是一种荣耀，一种享受，也把这种荣耀和享受化为自己的优势，弥补其他学科的缺憾。但是，这只是我的方式，也有的人其他方面很优秀。或许，不是学*上的，却也是一种优势。就比如，很多人喜欢玩电脑，就可以把学英语当成在玩电脑，每一次的检测都是打电脑的一关，把自己当成闯关的人，学*的过程，考试是终点，老师就是最后的评委。
第二步，记忆力：记忆力的好也可以帮助学*，但是死记硬背的方式实在是套古老了，也太死板了，再好的兴趣也会被消磨光。所以，可以用一种节省时间，增加兴趣，享受时间的方法。在老师留作业，抄单词或句子的时候，先抄一遍，再根据脑袋里“肯定”的答案在接着继续默写，这样就达到了节省时间着点了。还有在背课文的时候，有些同学们后觉得这些太多了，太难了，简直就是在谋财害命，但老师就是硬要我们被下来，太痛苦了！那么，在这个时候，你可以把被课文当做是在背诗，记歌词，背诗背着背着就顺了，记歌词记着记着就好像是自己在听喜爱的音乐一般，这也有了增加兴趣，享受时间和节省时间了。
第三步，自信：不论是丘吉尔的“好运”还是海伦`凯特的身体残缺，贝多芬的老年失聪，他们都凭借着自己的努力而成功。当然，在他们最努力的时候才是他们最自信的时候。因为他们都相信自己，才有努力的动力。而我们不论是学英语还是其他的什么科目，相信了自己，才有成功耀眼的那一刻！
谢谢大家！我讲完了。可能有些和我不一样的，欢迎和我交流！
首先，我们要培养学生学*英语的兴趣。让学生在学*中去寻找欢乐，在欢乐中找到兴趣，在兴趣中下决心，在决心中培养毅力，即动因+兴趣+决心+持之以恒=成绩。当然开始学英语时不要追求太高，太难。指导学生从简单的，有趣的，好笑的开始使学生找出适合自己的学*兴趣。同时引导他们“From easy to difficult.”。并允许学生出错，不要追求每个单词都正确。，
其次，学生有了兴趣，帮助他们制定计划。每天看英语材料和听英语广播，寻找学*环境，生活范围有多大，学英语的天地就有多宽广，利用一切机会去接触英语。在课堂上让学生试着讲英语，*时同学之间交流时多用英语，鼓励学生不要怕出错，错了没关系。同时要建立每周学*生词的目标，在记录词汇本里，记录各种各样的生词，短语。因为学好英语必须要有词汇作基础，要打持久战；记单词要打游击战。就能做到“from little to more”。
学英语如同交朋友，在不同的场合接触就可能记牢，不能孤立的记单词，要记住它的左邻右舍。同时很有必要指导学生大量的阅读，这对学*英语有是非常重要的，多了解西方文化，学*西方*惯，掌握大量的语言背景是学*的又一条重要途径。那么就达到from Chinese to English。我们最终要达到目的 “from English to English ，from English to Chinese ”
最后，让学生在苦中享受欢乐，越学越有趣，从被动变主动，从要我学变为我要学.
延伸：英语口语学*方法
明确的学*方向有了，就要选择有效的`学*方法。方法得当的话既省时省力也省钱。有人怪口语上不去是没有语言环境。出国到英语国家？到英语角？找讲英语的老外单练？让我们分别来看看这几个方面。
1、到英语国家
能到英语国家去练*英语，直接与英语本族人交流当然是最佳的选择，但能够这样做的人为数并不多。有的人在英语国家生活了几年乃至十几年，照样说不好英语。如果学*方向和方法得当，不去英语国家一样可以学好英语。关键在于解决跟谁学，学什么，怎么学这几个问题。此外，学以致用，学*和练*有机地结合，并持之以恒才有效果。学到的技能如果不大量练*，久而久之一定会忘记。
2、到英语角
如果去英语角的目的是学*就不对了。其实应该把那里当作练*英语表达的地方，在那里充分展示自己，建立起说英语的信心，锻炼自己与不同的人说英语的胆量和能力。去那里要的是一种志同道合的氛围。如果没有时间去，你还可以自言自语，把自己想象成两个人在对话。
3、找老外单练
除非是训练有素的语言教师，一般的英语老外惟一的用处是：作为你*练口语的“活靶子”，把自己学到的说话内容在英语老外身上得以验证。不要期望一般的英语老外会对你口语方面有什么好的指点，不建议你跟老外谈语法，谈语言学*规律。 英语口语好的人都有这样的同感：从练发音（对腔和调进行大量练*）开始效果甚佳。不要总想着这句话怎么写，怎么翻译。这些都会妨碍口语学*。
一、小学英语课的师资水*有待提高
小学英语开设之初，就有严重的师资不足问题。虽然*年来小学英语的教师队伍不断壮大，但边远农村的学校仍然师资不足，教师的整体水*远不如中学教师。同时，还有不少其他学科的教师进入小学英语教师的队伍，由于缺乏必要的专业背景，其授课效果不尽如人意。*几年来，大部分教师有机会得到良好的培训，但仍然有一部分教师在教育教学理念、教材分析与把握、课程标准的执行、课堂教学的驾驭与调控等方面的能力还有待提高。
二、小学英语课的课时安排不合理
任何一门外语的学*都需要具备两个条件——语言环境和语言学*的连续性。小学英语每周仅开设2—3课时，这对于一门外语的学*来说，时间过短。课时数不足的直接后果就是学*效果差。同时，小学英语教师的周课时量严重超标，一名英语教师最多每周要上20多节课。上课的时间挤占了备课和研讨时间，剥夺了教师自我发展与提升的时间，而每天超额的工作量也让教学质量相应下降。
三、中小学英语评价体系的不同
具体表现为：
学*要求不同
小学英语以活动课为主，训练听、说技能，培养学英语的兴趣、积极性和语感。而初中英语除此外，还要掌握语言的基本知识和技能，具有初步运用英语的能力，为真实交际打基础。
学*内容不同
小学英语多为韵律诗歌、寓言故事、会话表演、游戏等内容，符合小学生的兴趣。初中英语则以对话、阅读文章为主，有利于学生语言能力的发展和应用。
学*方法不同
小学英语课主要让学生上课“动”起来，各种器官都能运用起来。初中英语课堂上要求学生参与性更强，同时课外要积极主动地去学，在用中学、学中用，学以致用、学用结合。
上述一系列问题还造成了中小学教材内容与认知结构脱节、教学方法与学*方法脱节、语言环境与实际交流环境脱节。那么，如何解决中小学英语衔接中心的问题呢?
一是中小学英语教师都要相互熟悉这两个学段的英语教材和课程标准，了解教材中每一课的重难点，以便有目的地设计可行的英语教学方案。
二是小学英语教师最好制订升初中前的整套教学计划，注意教学内容的衔接。小学英语教学内容通常为简单的日常情景对话，语法知识不多。所以在学生步入初中前，应当将小学英语的重难点和初一教材的重难点结合起来，为过渡到初一新语言项目作好充分准备。
三是要根据中小学英语教学规律，注重考试内容和考试形式的衔接。既要考虑基础知识的训练，又要考虑能力培养的训练;既要考虑小学学过的内容，又要考虑中学将学的内容。笔试、口试兼顾，分值分布合理，考分不宜偏低，否则容易打消学生的学*积极性和未来英语学*的自信心。通过测试，教师可以及时调整教学计划以弥补学生学*上的不足。
四是要根据英语的认知特点，注重英语教学方法的衔接。教师讲课时应根据学生的学*情绪，适时地增加衔接内容，并选择与之相对应的各种教学方法。
五是要根据初中学生学*心理特点，注意在小学期间尽量做好学生的英语学*兴趣的衔接。初中英语教师在保持学生小学英语学*兴趣的同时，还要对英语的实用性和竞赛性多加关注。
六是要注重学生学**惯、学*技能的衔接。小学英语学*的*惯有很多方面是非常好的，但小学生的英语学*技能多为机械模仿。学生进入初一后，教师应更多地注重学生的语言积累、语言的扩展和使用转化，促使学生从机械地模仿向有意义的操练和真实情境中交流的活动方式转化，从被动学*向主动学*转化。
小学和中学的英语教学是不可分割的两个部分。小学英语是初中英语的基础，初中英语是小学英语的延续。因此，使小学英语向初中英语自然地延伸过渡是防止两极分化，保持英语学*兴趣，大面积提高英语教学质量的关键。笔者认为，要提高英语教学的质量还是要先从观念入手，顺应中小学英语教学规律。中小学教师应联起手来共同努力，将英语学*的断层问题彻底解决。
良好的听，说，读，写能力是英语学*所必备的能力。与此同时，培养良好的英语学**惯，将助力学*英语的同学们轻松高效地获得优异成绩。
一、应注重能力的培养
高二英语对学生的听，说，读，写能力有了更高的要求，总的来说，高二英语应注重能力的培养，为以后运用英语进行交际及进一步自学深造打好坚实的基础。在我看来，打好基础是学好英语的前提，如何打下基础呢？可以归纳如下：制定计划，明确目标；课前预*，找出难点；专心听讲，当堂巩固；及时复*，防止遗忘；独立作业，检测效果；错误归类，解决疑难；勤奋多练,广泛阅读；系统总结，掌握规律。
二、建立错误档案本
在学*过程中，已获得的知识和技能对以后新知识，新技能的形成产生一定的影响，最好的办法是消灭错误，获得正确知识和技能.每次练*或考试后，应该把自己做错的具有代表性的题目抄下来，收集汇编,然后把老师对错题讲解后的正确语句熟读牢记，保留错误的答案，用红笔写上正确的答案，眉批上理由分析，这样就形成新的语言*惯。*时和临考前翻看，加深印象，引起注意，大大减少了错误率。既巩固了知识,又提高了应试能力，发挥了最佳的水*。
三、重视阅读理解能力的培养
重视阅读理解能力的培养，目的是提高对语篇整体认识的能力，以及推理判断，归纳总结的能力。坚持长期阅读(每天至少2篇以上)是稳步提高的保证。通过有计划有步骤的课外阅读(如读21世纪报中学生英文版,《新概念英语》第二，三册，英语周报同步辅导及听说读写版)，不仅能巩固拓宽教材所学内容，更关键是会使所学知识活起来，激发出浓厚的学英语的兴趣以及扩大知识量的欲望。
四、养成朗读背诵的*惯
朗读是在课文所提供的语境中对语音，语调，意群，句型等基础知识的综合练*，同时培养纯正的语音语调和好的用语*惯以及为听力打下坚实的基础。对学过的句型，词组，对话，课文进行朗读和背诵，形成流利的语感,也培养了理解能力，为说，读及英语写作打好基础，这是提高英语水*的根本方法。
五、养成良好的书写*惯
养成书写规范，字迹工整，卷面整洁的*惯也很重要。高中相当一部分学生的字体书写不好，难以辨认，大小写不分，词距若有若无，标点符号乱用，给老师批改作业和试卷造成极大的麻烦。这在高考阅卷评分中会吃大亏,白白丢分。因此，高二学生*时要养成书写规范的*惯，对大小写，标点符号和词距等一定要一丝不苟，力求规范化，整齐美观。
六、养成使用英汉双解词典的*惯
高二学生阅读面扩大，需要补充词汇量。学生应备一本英汉词典，如牛津中，高阶英汉双解词典，在学*中随时查阅。这在很大程度上能解决学生的疑惑，帮助理解词的用法，词汇量也就随之不断扩大。
一：疯狂地扩充单词。
特别是六星级名词、动词、副词和形容词。
Many people are sensitive to the odor of onions, and whenever they cut onions, the people’s eyes secrete tears.
（许多人对洋葱的气味很敏感，当他们切洋葱的时候，就会流眼泪/他们的眼睛就会分泌眼泪）
Since the couple could not reconcile their differences, they decided to get a divorce.
（由于这对夫妇之间的分歧无法得到和解，所以他们决定离婚。）
Are you positive he’s the man you saw yesterday?
（你能确定他就是你昨天见到的那这人吗？）
She said she didn’t like it, but personally I thought it was very good.
（她说她不喜欢这个，但我个人认为它非常好。）
The present system is considerably more efficient than the old one.
（现在的方法比旧方法有效的多。）
Movement can be painful when you’ve hurt your back.
（如果你的背受了伤，一动就会痛。）
I noticed a sudden movement behind the curtain.
（我发现幕布后面突然有动静。）
He’d made a bad mistake, but tried to minimize its seriousness. (= treat it as if it were not serious)
（他犯了一个很严重的错误，但他试图把它的严重性说成很小/却想办法缩小其严重性。）
In most counties, the taxes that people pay are regulated by law. People pay a certain percentage of their income, and they also pay a certain percentage of tax on merchandise they buy.
（在大多数国家，人们纳税是由法律所规定的。人们要交纳他们收入的一部分/一定百分比作为所得税，而且他们还要对所购买的商品交纳一定百分比的税/消费税。）
He’s very old, and his movements are getting slower and slower.
(他年纪很大，动作越来越慢了。)
二、疯狂扩充成语！
成语是一门语言的精华，是外语学*的“特大”难点！是听力、阅读和语法结构考试的“拦路虎”！是一个人英语走向成功的“最终障碍”！
掌握成语是人生真正走上“高级”成功之路的人！
凡是包含成语的句子在疯狂英语心目中都是高级的、六星级的句子！
1 When my brother went to work in the U.S.A for a year the whole family went to see him off at the airport.
（当我哥哥离家去美国工作一年的时候，我们全家去飞机场送行）
2 Now listen to me, darling. I understand your feelings about John’s looks and his personality but he has a good job and you are almost thirty. You can’t turn down his proposal.
（亲爱的，听我说，我理解你对约翰的长相和性格有看法，但他的工作不错，你也快三十了，你不能拒绝他的求婚。）
3 Joe’s wife wouldn’t put up with his smoking in their house, so he had to smoke his cigarettes outside even in winter.
三、疯狂地提高“快速阅读理解能力”。
这也就是提高单词量和各种句型的识别能力！如果你按照我们的方法进行操练，这种“快速阅读理解能力”是顺便获得的！因为我们主张“句子中心论”和“增加句子量而不是单词量”，句子是由单词和句型这两个因素构成的，所以大量地收集和脱口而出句子，“单词”和“各种句型”将同时“深刻”掌握，阅读能力将获得大幅度提高。
Commercial banks make most of their income from interest (which is ) earned on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.
(商业银行大部分的收来自贷款利息及股票和债券投资所得)
18 中英文自由转换的口译能力。
遇到任何文章或教科书，第一个反映就是尝试是否能将上面的内容进行“中英文互译”！
Many young people enjoy living in New York. There are always exciting things to do. They can go to the theater, to concerts, and to museums anytime. They also have a lot of friends, so they go to parties once or twice a week.
（许多年轻人都喜欢住在纽约。那里总有令人激动的事情做。他们可以随时去剧院，音乐会和博物馆。他们也有很多朋友，所以他们每个星期都参加一二次聚会。）
最新速记单词法
hermit――“何处觅她”――隐士
asthma――“阿诗玛”――哮喘――气管炎
bauble――“抱吧”――不值钱的珠宝(才让你随便拿)
scrooge――“死固执”――吝啬的
howl――“号、嚎”――咆哮、大声哭笑
bale――“背”(东北话：点儿背)――灾祸、不幸
belle――“贝勒”(格格之类的)――美女
dolt――“逗他”――蠢人
如此之类，简直不胜枚举，令我对他的“景仰”之情如滔滔江水连绵不绝。
——高考英语看图写作实用五份
A man is using water as much as he likes washing his clothes regardless of the notice pinned above "Save the water Please."（人们随心所欲的用水洗衣服，毫不在意“请节约用水”的标牌。）
As we see，water is the source of life. But there is very limited available water resources in our world，so we shouldn't waste it. Of course，we have to use it to drink，cook，wash，clean and etc. But we must remember not to use it extravagantly. If we didn't stop such wasteful habits，we would cut off the development of the world and the human life. And what will our next generation use？
My hobbyEveryone has his own hobby, it gives him/her lots of happiness. My hobby is listening to music. When I was a child I enjoy listening to music, especially the cartoon music, and I often lose myself in it. When I am in trouble, music can make me calm down. When I am very tired , it can make me comfortable . Also, sports can bring me happiness too. I like to play football with my friends, i enjoy it very much. It makes me forget all the pressure from school.Listening to music keeps me in a good mood and it's good for my health.
In the picture , there stands a tree full of fruit on one side of the stream. Across the stream , a man is trying to reach out on the edge of the bank for the fruit with a net attached to a pole. Not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit.
The message conveyed in the picture is clear. In pursuing a dream , we might only focus on only one way of making it come true ,forgetting that there may be alternatives. As indicated in the picture, if a man is willing to look for other possibilities ,he can find a better and more rewarding way to achieve his goal. All he has to do is turn around ,cross the bridge and walk to the tree.
It was March 8th yesterday. It was Women's Day. Wang Lei wanted to do something for his mother. He went shopping and bought much food. Then he cleaned the room. He did his best to do some cooking. When his mother came back after work, she was very happy. Wang Lei was very tired, but he felt pleased.
One day when I was about to play football, I saw Mother was taking a lot of dirty clothes to wash and a bucket to carry water. I thought Mother was very tired, so I decided to help her wash clothes. While I was doing the washing , Li Ming came and asked me to play football with him. I refused him and told him that I would help Mother finish the housework first. When I got the housework done,I was so tired that I was sweating all over. When Mother came back home, she found I had washed all the dirty clothes and said that I was a good child . I felt very happy.
——如何减肥的英语作文实用五篇
"going on a diet" means being moderate in eating and drinking。
as we know， our body is a balanced system which needs a reasonable diet。 a reasonable or balanced diet can help people keep fit because it not only prevents them from eating too much fat which may cause many diseases but aisc provides them with sufficient nutrition to guarantee that their body operates properly。 besides， going on a diet can aisc help people， especially young ladies keep a slender figure， which will of course beautify their life。however， every coin has two sides。 going on a diet is no exception。 if carried to extremes， going on a diet may even become dangerous to our health。 as we know， eating too much will result in corpulence， while eating too little wili lead to malnutrition， which is also the cause of many diseases， obviously， going on a diet doesn't mean eating too little， such a misunderstanding must be avoided。
in my judgement， not everybody needs to go on a diet。 good health should be our primary concern。 if your purpose is to have a slender figure， a diet should be carried only to the extent that your health is not affected。
During the Spring Festival, I ate delicious meal almost every day, so that my weight gained a lot and my body looked fatter. When I came back to school in the new term, all myclassmates are so surprised to see my huge body and round face. I finally realized that I must lose weight. And then I made a plan. To begin with, I must eat less for breakfast and supper than before. At breakfast, I drink milk and have a piece of bread and an egg. I have a bowl of soup and some fruits for dinner. I do not eat sugar anymore, because it will make me fatter. Besides, I keep doing exercises everyday. I go to running after school or play basketball with my classmates.
At weekend, I often go to swim. After a month of hard work, I lost five kilograms, but it's not enough. I still have to stick to my plan and lose more weight to an appropriate number.
How do sedentary office workers lose weight
1. Bring fruit as snacks
Since the beginning of losing weight, those friends who put snacks into the cold palace should pay attention to eating snacks properly, not only won't gain weight, but also can help you effectively control your appetite and suppress your impulse to drink too much.
2. Working posture often changes
We've consumed an average of 1500 fewer calories per day than people 150 years ago. In this way, it's equivalent to 10 jin a year. No wonder modern people tend to get fat.
In order to reduce the heat consumption in the office, we should keep the posture of changing work. After a while, you can stand and watch the computer for a while, and kneel for a while. If the floor is hard, you'd better put a mat under it to watch the computer. A small change can consume a little more heat, and it will not make the lower body too fat. I don't know when to start. I can always see the office of the company, kneeling and typing on the computer.
3. Drinking slim tea
Many friends due to irregular work and rest time, often cause constipation trouble. If you can't ensure that the extra waste in your body is discharged from your body every day, it's easy for mm to have a small stomach. If you encounter constipation, it's best to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. The rich dietary fiber in this kind of food can accelerate the peristalsis of your stomach, so as to help relieve bowel movement and reduce the probability of constipation.
4. Lunch away from the computer
Recently, in a survey we did, many company people have lunch at their desks 3-4 times a week. While facing the computer, browsing the web, while munching on the bought boxed rice. This distracted way of eating is particularly prone to overeating. So, to eat healthy, it's best to move away from the computer and concentrate on your lunch.
Benefits of weight loss
1. Promote metabolism
Exercise can restore the regulation of metabolism, stimulate the function of the body, consume extra fat, and then promote the metabolism of fat.
2. Prevent fat formation
The exercise of muscle can increase the utilization rate of free fatty acids and glucose in blood and make fat cells shrink and thin. On the other hand, excess sugar is consumed and cannot be converted into fat, reducing the formation of fat.
3. Improve cardiovascular system
Exercise helps to improve myocardial metabolism, improve myocardial working ability, strengthen cardiac contractility, improve the adaptability of cardiovascular system to physical load of obese people, reduce cardiac load, and improve the function of cardiovascular system.
4. Improve pulmonary respiratory function
Exercise can increase the strength of respiratory muscles, increase the range of chest activity and lung capacity, improve lung ventilation and ventilation function, accelerate gas exchange, and help to oxidize and burn more excess fat.
5. Promote gastrointestinal peristalsis
Exercise improved the regulating function of abdominal visceral activity, increased gastrointestinal peristalsis and blood circulation, and reduced the complications of abdominal distention, bowel swelling, constipation, varicose veins of lower limbs, hemorrhoids, drowsiness, etc.
6. Increase brain activity
Exercise adjusts the activity state of cerebral cortex, makes people full of energy and increases their confidence in overcoming obesity.
Causes of obesity
1. Physical obesity: congenital. The metabolism of substances in the body is slow, and the speed of substance synthesis is faster than that of decomposition. Phenomenon: fat cells are large and numerous, all over the body.
2. Causes of acquired obesity: caused by overeating. There are many sweet and greasy foods in the food, and most of the fat is distributed in the trunk. Phenomenon: fat cells are large, but the number does not increase.
3. Cause of Cushing's syndrome: hyperfunction of adrenal cortex and excessive secretion of cortisol. Phenomenon: face, neck and body are fat, but limbs are not fat.
4. Pancreatic obesity causes: excessive insulin secretion, decreased metabolic rate, decreased fat decomposition and increased synthesis. Phenomenon: obesity.
5. The reason for the decrease of sexual function: brain obesity, accompanied by loss of sexual function, or decreased libido. Phenomenon: fat near breast, lower abdomen and genitals.
6. Hypophyseal reason: hypophysis pathological change causes hypophysis anterior lobe to secrete excessive growth hormone. Phenomenon: proliferation and hypertrophy of bone, soft tissue and visceral tissue.
7. Hypothyroidism: hypothyroidism. Symptoms: obesity and myxedema.
8. Drug origin: side effects of drugs, such as corticosteroids. Phenomenon: obesity after taking medicine for a period of time, such as some patients with allergic diseases, rheumatoid diseases, asthma.
9. The occurrence of obesity in patients with schizophrenia and mental problems caused by mental psychology is multifactorial. Eating habits and overeating are important reasons. People who are introverted, quiet, lack of exercise, mental health or more serious have the possibility of obesity. It has been found that 74% of obese people eat more when their emotions fluctuate, while non obese people eat less when they are mentally ill.
In recent years, losing weight has become a hot topic in our life, especially in women’s community. However, losing weight has aroused people’s attention as many problems has appeared.
*几年，减肥已经成为我们生活中一个热烈的话题，尤其是在妇女群。然而，随着很多问题的出现，减肥已经引起了人们的关注。
There are many ways in losing weight. Some people lose their weight by persisting in doing exercise regularly. Some people take medicine to cut their weight. Furthermore, some turn to operation for help, especially the young. Therefore, all kinds of product have been sold in the market, such as special medicine, tea and equipment.
减肥的方式有很多种。有的人通过坚持有规律的运动来减肥。有的人通过吃药来减肥。另外，还有一些人通过手术寻求帮助。因此，各种各样的产品在市场上出售，比如特殊药品，茶和设备。
It’s understandable for human to pay much attention to their good-look. However, many side effects have come into being when some people are losing weight. For example, some people have lost their weight by taking medicine, but at the same time, their digestion systems have been injured. Thus, we should pay more attention to our physical coordination when we choose the way to cut our weight.
人们注意外貌是可以理解的。但是，当有的人减肥的时候，很多副作用就出现了。比如，有的人通过吃药来减肥，但是同时他们的消化系统也已经受损。因而，当选择减肥方式的时候，我们应该更加注意我们的身体协调。
In my opinion, doing exercise is the best way to lose weight. On the one hand, we can train our bodies by taking exercise and become healthier. On the other hand, our mind will be clearer if we do exercise often.
在我看来，做运动是减肥的最佳方法。一方面，通过运动我们可以锻炼身体变得更健康。另一方面，如果我们经常锻炼，我们的思维就会更清晰。
To control weight, breakfast is the starting point to win weight loss! It's best to choose sugar free soymilk, so as not to take too much sugar and become a burden to the body. Eat small tomatoes to control food intake, have a good sense of fullness, but not like tomato juice with a lot of water, too large volume, so the acid reflux situation is not obvious.
No time to exercise, but still can't stop? Needless to say, this is more and more far away from successful weight loss. However, if you are also lazy to exercise, but know how to control the total heat in and out, in fact, losing weight is not a dream. In this way, a doctor can get rid of 10 kilograms of fat. "Doctor, people say that if you eat enough breakfast and good lunch, you will lose weight if you eat less at night? Why am I still fat? " Chen Huangguang, a family medical doctor, said that the weight depends on whether the total calories are in negative balance, so you don't have to worry about which meal you eat more or less.
It's recommended to control the total calories for office workers to eat more
Many office workers can't help complaining: "it's very difficult to control the total calorie intake when they eat out almost often. What should I do?" According to Dr. Chen Huangguang, there are several very simple figures that must be kept in mind, including 30 calories per kilogram per day in terms of body weight. In other words, a light-duty office worker weighs 60 kilograms and needs 1800 calories per day. If he eats more calories in one day, he will accumulate them. Once he accumulates 7700 calories, he will get more calories One kilogram, and so on.
"What should I eat to be thin, doctor?" In fact, as long as you eat, it will increase calories. Only "don't eat" and "eat less" will you lose weight. Any caloric food is to eat more fat, unless it is suffering from severe diabetes, will eat more weight less.
Increase satiety food:
1. Soymilk: strong satiety
If you want to eat less, consider drinking soy milk for breakfast. A cup of soy milk is 500C. C. about 300 kcal. Even if you add a spoonful of sugar, it's 360 calories at most. The biggest advantage of soymilk is that it has a strong sense of fullness and is very durable. The reason should be that it contains a lot of protein. It is recommended to buy soymilk from traditional soymilk shops, because in order to make soymilk thick, starchy ingredients may be added instead of high GI drinks.
To control weight, breakfast is the starting point to win weight loss! For breakfast, it's better to discard fried bread, scallion oil cake, steamed bread, pancakes, fried sticks or rice balls, and replace them with soybean milk. It's better to choose sugar free soybean milk, so as not to take too much sugar and become a burden to the body.
2. Tomatoes: controlling food intake
A little tomato is about 3 big calories, 20 60 big calories. In the past, tomato juice advertisements were very fierce. Dr. Chen Huangguang said that he also bought tomato juice to drink. As a result, there were two phenomena: one was that he didn't feel hungry for a long time after drinking tomato juice; the other was that he felt a little acid reflux. Later, I ate small tomatoes directly, and found that they also had a good sense of fullness, but they were not as watery and bulky as tomato juice, so the condition of acid reflux was not obvious. Therefore, it is found that small tomato is a good fruit for controlling food consumption.
In addition, a Thai guava has about 180 calories, so he combined a guava fruit meal with 20 small tomatoes. It has 240 calories in total, which makes you feel satisfied. Moreover, tomato is rich in vitamin A and lycopene, which is very helpful for vitamin supplement. Guava is rich in vitamin C, and will not change its taste after slicing. It is easy to buy in four seasons. The disadvantage is that the fullness of guava is not strong, so in the end, it is reduced to fruit after dinner.
4 diet foods
1. Diet -- black tea
As we all know, black tea can make a warm red soup, but that red is not born with it. After fermentation and baking, tea becomes red oxide under the action of oxidase. Black tea is mild in nature, mellow in taste, and has an exciting effect on the blood vessel system and heart, so as to speed up the blood circulation for the benefit of metabolism, and at the same time promote sweating and diuresis, thus accelerating the discharge of waste and the combustion of fat in the body. In collocation, black tea and ginger are old partners. Add some ginger to the black tea, two kinds of warming food strong combination, not only with the effect of stomach warming, but also improve the burning rate of fat.
2. Diet -- mutton
According to the ***ysis, the calories per 100 grams of mutton are nearly twice as high as that of beef, while the fat per 100 grams of mutton is half of that of pork, so in the cold season, mutton is the ideal meat for mm. Because eating mutton promotes blood circulation, can effectively improve the symptoms of hand and foot temperature, chills and chills caused by Yang deficiency, and can also speed up the metabolism of fat burning in the body.
People with insufficient Qi and blood eat more mutton, which can nourish Qi and blood, keep cool and keep healthy. However, it should be noted that because of the hot nature of mutton, it is more suitable to cook dishes to keep warm and keep warm in winter. In hot days or fever patients, they should be careful to eat mutton. In addition, those with all heat diseases should not eat mutton.
3. Diet -- ginger
When people get wet or feel cold, they will cook ginger tea to warm up, so when it comes to warm food, we naturally think of ginger. Spicy ginger can make the body produce heat. That's because ginger has gingerol in its spicy ingredients. Gingerol has the function of making blood circulation unblocked and the activities of gut and stomach become active.
How to lose weight for office workers
1. Try to ride or walk to work: if on the way to work
——如何保持健康的大学英语作文范本五份
As we know, keeping healthy is important to us. But what should we do to keep healthy?
First,we should get up early. we should eat healthy food, drink a lot of water and do more exercise . Food can give us energy. Doing exercise can make us strong. Second,we should change clothes often, wash hands often, keep the air fresh and clean and do house cleaning often to stop germs from getting into our bodies. You shouldn’t keep long fingernails. At last, we should go to see a doctor at once if we don’t feel well.
1. 健康是幸福生活的保证。
2. 保持健康的几种方法。
3. 美好的未来需要健康。
Health is the guarantee of one＇s happiness. Without a healthy body, one cannot do what he wants to, not to mention accomplishing his goals in life.
One can keep fit in three ways. First, he is to pay attention to hygiene. Stay away from viruses, which means one should wash hands, take baths frequently, eat and drink properly. Stay away from bad life habits, such as smoking and overworking, which severely damage the body organs. Secondly, one is to exercise regularly. He may go jogging, swimming, bicycling, playing basketball and so on. Exercises will improve one＇s ability to resist diseases. And last but not least, he should be optimistic, fearing no difficulties and obstacles, and always being in high spirits.
Only in good health as well as in high spirits can we greet the future, which is full of competition and challenges, and strive to achieve our ambitions energetically.
Everyone wants to maintain good health, if you are healthy, then you can do you want to do anything, your family will be full of laughter, your work will be much more simple. You want to have a healthy body Then try to do the following thing! First, you face daily smile, maintain a good mood. Take part in some sports, such as running and running, playing baseball. It is in a strong body. Secondly, we must pay attention to their diet, not to drink too much wine, water, every day at least eight cups of water; Deliberately not to lose weight, did you have no health benefits. Again, resulting from smoking on your own and other people is not good! To maintain good health let us do it. Thus, the worlds only full of laughter!
每个人都想保持身体健康，如果你健康的话，那么你能做你想做的任何事情，你的家庭会充满欢笑，你的工作也会变得简单轻松。你想有个健康的身体吗那么试着做以下事情吧!首先，每天保持你脸上的笑容，保持良好的心情。多参加一些运动，比如跑跑步，打打球。那样才会有一个强健的身体。其次，要注意自己的饮食，不要喝太多的酒，多饮水，每天至少八杯水;不要刻意的去减肥，那样对你的健康没有任何好处。再次，造成不要吸烟，对你自己和其它人都没有好处!为了保持身体健康让我们行动起来吧，这样，这个世界才充满了欢笑!
Would you like to keep healthy like the others do? Now let me tell you something about staying healthy.
1. Food. To keep yourself healthy, you shouldn't eat something that have too much oil, calory or salt. For that can cause a lot of diseases. The right way to keep healthy is to eat more vegetables and fruits.
2. Exercise. Another way which is always be ignored is to excercise more. An average of steps a normal adult have per day is 10000 - 15000. You'll find yourself more healthy after changing the steps to 15000 - 20000 per day, and you'll get more fit easily by that.
That's my own easy methods of staying healthy. I'll be glad if you have any ideas about that and have a discussion with me!
health has become a very important part of our life,and there are many ways to keep heathy. first,you can eat more fruit and vegetables,and you'd better drink more warn water.next,you have to do lots of exercise.and having at least 8 hours'sleep a night.remember,don't drink coffe or tea before you go to bed,don't eat too much sugar and don't work or study too late,it will make you too tired.
——公共英语三级写作实用5份
Writing
Below are three tables showing the changes in your family since 1985. Look at the table and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points.
1. What was your home like before 1985?
2. What are the changes after 1985?
「参考范文」
Changes in My Home
Many changes have taken place in my home since 1985. A few years ago, we lived in a twelve-meter-square room which was used as bedroom, our study as well as our dining room. I often quarreled with my sister since she often occupied the only small table or the stool.
Later, our family moved into a new house with two large bedrooms, one sitting room, one kitchen and a clean toilet. A color TV took the place of the old black-white one and a beautiful four-speaker tape recorder was added. My parents' books found a new place in a larger bookcase and we can keep fruits, pork, eggs in a refrigerator. With the development of society, every family's life has been improved a great deal indeed.
(45 minutes)
Directions:
You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Part A
56. Please write a notice entitled "No Smoking" to put on the carriages of a train. You should use about 100 words. It may include the following points:
1 ) no smoking in the carriages. Smoking is only permitted in the Smoking Area.
2) smoking is not only bad for smokers' health but also bad for people around them.
3) anyone who smokes in the carriages will be fined.
范文
NO SMOKING
It is hereby to caution that smoking is strictly prohibited on this train except in the smoking section.
Smoking is dangerous to your health. It may cause lung cancer and other diseases associated with the respiratory system. Smoking may also imperil the health of other passengers. In view of the health of all passengers, we urge that you abide by the stipulation. Save yourself and you save others.
Violation of the regulation is subject to a fine of 50 to 100 yuan.
Part B
Direetions:
Read the text below.Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key
points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words.
The Princess of Cambridge has finally been revealed to the world as Charlotte Elizabeth Dian- a-in a touching nod to her grandfather, her grandmother and her great-grandmother.
The name has long tradition which can be traced hack to the royal background. Charlotte, de- rived from French name, pays tribute to her grandfather, prince of Wales. And Charlotte is also Kate' s sister, Pippa Middleton' s middle name.
Kensington Palace revealed the royal baby' s full name yesterday after days of speculation and close friends of Princess Diana immediately said the choice means the spirit of Prince William' s be- loved mother ' lives on'.
William was, however, clear that his baby girl should not have Diana as a first name. "It would have been a millstone around her neck," said one of the princess' s long-time friends.
Within minutes of the name being announced this afternoon, Diana' s closest friend Rosa Monckton said: "Diana' s spirit lives on in her sons, and now her name lives on in her granddaugh- ter ' Charlotte Elizabeth Diana'. "Diana was the godmother of Mrs. Monckton' s daughter Dominica
The British citizens show their satisfaction with this name via Intemet. They said it is the per- fect name for their lovely princess.
All the British citizens and even the world were looking forward and anticipating the new princess of Cambridge.11le princess'name was finally revealed as Charlotte Elizabeth Diana，which is named after her grandfa- ther，her grandmother and her great-grandmother.
One possibility is that the name of Diana，which is also the name of the princess'grandmother，means the eternal love between the princess' grander parents.And princess William，the princess'father declared that they didn't use Diana as her first name because they don't want to give her too many pressure，by living under her grandmother'S fame.
For my part，it is unimportant what this little girl's name was as it is just a call for people to recognize her.The most important thing is that the gid Can grow up in a harmonious environment.May this little girl be happy every day.
Directions:
Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words.
You might think that good-looking men have every advantage in life.
But new study suggests being handsome may not always work in a man' s favour—at least when it comes to his career.
The research claims that attractive men are less likely to be given a job in a competitive work- place because they intimidate bosses. "It' s not always an advantage to be pretty," says Marko Pite- sa, an assistant professor at the University of Maryland. "It can backfire if you are perceived as a threat. "
Interestingly, in Pitesa' s study, it was male attractiveness in particular, rather than female beauty, that made the most difference. If the interviewer expected to work with the candidate as part of a team, then he preferred goodlooking men. However, if the interviewer saw the candidate as a potential compe***, the interviewer discriminated in favour of unattractive men.
"l——he results suggest that interviewers were not blinded by beauty, and instead calculated which candidate would further their own career.
"The dominant theoretical perspective in the social sciences for several decades has been that biases and discrimination are caused by irrational prejudice," Pitesa says.
"The way we explain it here, pretty men just seem more competent, so it is actually subjec- tively rational to discriminate for or against them. "
On a deeper level, she adds, the behaviour remains irrational, since there' s no evidence that a real link exists between looks and comoetence.
范文
There might be a common view that good—looking people can take ad- vantages of their superior appearances in the daily life，especially for the preRy men in the job hunting market.However，according to a new research，good appearance is no longer been the silver bullet in a job inter-view.
The results showed that although there Was still a preference to cooperate with the attractive man and compete against the unattractive mall，and did not mind to work with them.However，people were not likely to pick a goodlooking man as their potential compe***s.
In my opinion，we should not depend ourselves on our appearance in terms of job hunting.
Good appearance may bring US some benefits，but what is highly valued in the job market is our talents and abilities.
Writing
A certain college lacks some qualified teachers of English. Write a letter of recommendation of Mr.Zhong Yong, a teacher of English at a middle school. Your letter should refer to the following points:
1. Personal data
2. His work experience
3. His qualifications
You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Zhang Ping" instead. You do not need to write the address.
「参考范文」
Name of Applicant: Zhong Yong
Mailing Address: Flat 602, Building 98
Sibei Rd., Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
Email Address: zhyggu@dimk.com
Present Occupation: Teaching
Employer: the Education Bureau of Xiamen City
Programme of Study: English
Area of Specialization: Applied Linguistics
Degree: M.A.
Name of Reference: Lin Long
Mr.Zhong Yong graduated from the English Department of the Zhangzhou Teachers' College in 1998. During his college years, he achieved excellent results in study. He has some capacity to do research work and shows much promise as a college teacher.
Mr.Zhong Yong has a fairly good ability to read and speak English. He is, however, a bit weak in writing and must work harder to improve himself in this respect.
I recommend Mr.Zhong Yong and hope that he will be chosen as a college teacher.
Yours very truly,
Zhang Ping,
Writing
Below are three tables showing the changes in your family since 1985. Look at the table and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points.
1. What was your home like before 1985?
2. What are the changes after 1985?
Changes in My Home
Many changes have taken place in my home since 1985. A few years ago, we lived in a twelve-meter-square room which was used as bedroom, our study as well as our dining room. I often quarreled with my sister since she often occupied the only small table or the stool.
Later, our family moved into a new house with two large bedrooms, one sitting room, one kitchen and a clean toilet. A color TV took the place of the old black-white one and a beautiful four-speaker . My parents' books found a new place in a larger bookcase and we can keep fruits, pork, eggs in a refrigerator. With the development of society, every family's life has been improved a great deal indeed.
——史上最英语写作实用五篇
Spring Festival is the most important festival in people's heart, and in our northeast, there is a lot of attention to the Spring Festival.
Every year, my family is in a hot and noisy family, and this year is no exception. On the 30th day of the great year, I got up early and helped my parents and sister to put up the couplet. The lucky words are also very particular, the blessing word should be upside down, so that means "blessing arrived". Mother always makes a table for us during the Spring Festival, this year is more abundant than previous years. Every year, the mother will cook fish, because the fish can say "more than one year", the rice table not only should have the fish and the pig's feet, pig's feet means "have the head".
It's time to eat, and you must set off firecrackers before you do so, because you can get rid of "monsters" for the coming year. In the evening, the lights will always be on fire, so that they can express their prospects for the coming year. In the evening to make dumplings, in the dumpling of the bag, only one has a coin, the people who eat this dumpling, everything will be smooth in the coming year. In the middle of the night 12 o 'clock every household to set off firecrackers, because after 12 o 'clock for the New Year, setting off firecrackers is a happy New Year, this time to set off firecrackers said vientiane update, prosperous, also represents a new meaning.
In the sound of firecrackers, we usher in the biggest festival of the Chinese - the Spring Festival. The family was jubilant and hung red lanterns and red red spring couplets.
Of course, the Spring Festival couplets are affixed. On New Year's eve, my mother told me to go and find some couplets on my door. So, I found two pairs of spring couplets, I read aloud: "wanshui qianshan by the tiger!" My mother hurriedly said: "all over the world!" "Ha ha, mama really good"! And one of them said, "five blessings, peace on the bottom." My mother says the Spring Festival couplets are auspicious words, and people pray for a happy and happy life in the New Year.
On New Year's eve, look! It's the world of fireworks. Outside the window it was a fire tree. Look at that magnificent fireworks! Some silver snakes fly, some are splashed, some are like fairies, and others are like peacocks. The fireworks dazzled the eyes and adorned the sky with colours.
On the first day or so, we all have to visit relatives and friends to visit our family. When you go, you will bring some gifts with you. Whether we visit guests or relatives or friends to visit, we must earn a lot of money because we can get lucky money and get lucky money.
I like the New Year. New Year can stick spring, can get lucky money, can enjoy fireworks the most important is to be able to share happiness with everyone
On New Year's Eve，our class had a party. The atmosphere was good. It was out of the ordinary from the very begining. The boy student from one bedroom gave an unusual performance. We saw a boy named Li Xinmin turn off all the lights in a sudden snap. Then with three resounding crow of a cock echoing in the hall，the hall was again brightly lit in a snap.
Then，the representative of the bedroom Zhu Guozhang asked us to guess a line of a poem related to the above situation. He added that Li Xinmin alone was born in the year of the dog and the other three were all born in the year of the chicken. They left us all in confusion. And it was our monitor who was quickwittedHe shouted our，
"The day breaks as the cock crows three times at dawn." The hall After that，they had another item. This time Li Xinmin was placed in the middle of the circle. While he was standing there，the other three stood around him，each bowing down to him at an angle of 120 degrees. It was an idiom. This time I got it right："The dog stands out among a group of chickens."
The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people.
All family members will get together to have a big meal on the New Year's Eve. We'll watch the fireworks and eat dumplings. And some families will sit together to chat or watch the get-together of CCTV. It's a big and special programme. Almost every family will watch it until 12 o'clock. During the spring festival,people can visit their relatives or friends .
It's also a happy time for children . They can get a red package from parents and grandparents, or relatives , and there is money in it. So the children are very happy during the festival. Isn't it interesting? Write to me soon.
The Spring Festival is the most important festival of our Chinese nation and a unique holiday for our Chinese nation. At this time, the migrant workers are rushing to pack their bags, ready to go home, take a year's salary and warm heart. We young children, have achieved good results, the heart is beautiful, waiting for the parents to praise me to believe that every family is full of happiness and joy.
The first thing is to buy New Year's goods, and our family is no exception. The whole family got up early in the morning, and then we came to the supermarket and bought some peanuts, melon seeds, sugar, etc., and, of course, chickens, ducks, fish, and meat were essential.
Today is the age of 30, as in previous years: many families have hung red lanterns. It's a Spring Festival, isn't it? The red lantern reflects our radiant smile; Add that pair of couplet to spring couplet, overflow the atmosphere of jubilant everywhere, it is the icing on the cake. Today, it is also our children of the world: we sing ah, jump ah, put all the troubles in the side to ignore, in the heart very happy, very happy to eat the family reunion dinner, our whole family sitting around a round table. The food on the table is rich: golden chicken, red rice cake, white dumplings after the reunion dinner, turn on the TV, watch the CCTV Spring Festival gala.
In the evening, fireworks. First saw a small bright spot, galloping up from a distance, to a certain height, such as after a sudden burst out sparks of countless, they adorn the vast sky glow, added to the sky like a pair of bright flame, and even the stars dim and blank. They are all in all shapes and colours in the night sky. Looking at it, I felt as if I were jumping up and down with them. Suddenly, the moonlight, the light, the flame light, interwoven together, lit up the whole sky. I also set up the fireworks, with the pearl, the cat, the sky woman, the fireball
The New Year's bell tolls, my first reflection is: the New Year, new starting point, new hope, new dream, more effort! I wish I had good luck this year.
——如何维持友谊英语作文(5)份
Friendship is a popular topic close to all our hearts, for none of us would choose to live without friends, the source of so many of our happiest moments.
Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends. Real friends are those who have good characters, superior ability and kindness of heart. Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys. While making friends, we should take care to select those who have such fine qualitys.
Then we should treat our friends with courtesy, be careful not to interfere unreasonably with them, and not to ridicule their shortcomings. We should forgive their failures and do our best to help them. In short, when we have established friendship, we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of words and deeds. Only in this way, can we develop friendship and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life.
Friends are very important to us.When in trouble,we need friends to offer us en couragement and help.With success achieved,we also need friends to share our joys.It's hard to imagine life without friendship! A person should make as many friends as he can.The more friends he has,the more meaningful his life will be.
Friendship is the forever theme in one'life.We need friends whenever it is.We need friends when we are in trouble.We need friends when we are feeling longly.We need friends to give us a smile when we doubt.So what dose it mean when we have a friend?It means we can face the hardship with friend's hand.It means we can get up with friend's help after we are bwaten.And we will be happy with friend's company.
Thank you,friends!As with you,I live a happy life.So I think making friends is necessary and imoportant.Come on!Let us make more friends~
How to Maintain the Friendship
Everyone needs friends in their lives, no one can live alone, they need friends to share their sorrow and happiness, so that they can keep the good mood. But even the marriage needs to run in the long term, for friendship, people will confront all kinds of problems, the one who can deal with the problems well will maintain the friendship. When you have argument with your friends, both of you do not want to give in, at this time, you need to calm down and be general, you can release the intense atmosphere。In a few days, when both of you have calmed down, the argument is nothing but a small interlude. Sometimes your friend will work in another place, if you two are lazy to contact with each other, friendship is easy to lose as the time went by. Maintaining friendship is not easy.
每个人一生中都需要朋友，没有人可以独自活着，他们需要朋友来分享喜怒哀乐，这样他们就能保持好的心情。但是即使婚姻也需要长期经营，对于友谊，人们会面对各种各样的问题，谁能处理好问题谁就能维持好友谊。当你和朋友争吵的时候，你们谁也不想退步，这时候，你需要冷静并且绅士点，缓解下紧张的氛围。不久后，当你们都冷静下来，曾经的争吵不过是一个小插曲。有时候你的朋友在外地工作，如果你们两个都懒得去联系彼此，友谊很容易会随着时间的流逝而失去。维持友谊不容易。
Last night, I played football match with my friends. We were divided into two teams and the lose team would get some punishment. At last, my team lost, the score was so close and I felt so pity. My friends from other team came to console me, he said all of us done so well. I know friendship comes first, don’t let the result affect our friendship.
昨晚，我和朋友们进行了足球比赛。我们分成两个小组，输的那个组会得到惩罚。最终，我的小组输了，分数很接*，我感到有点遗憾。我在另一个小组的朋友们过来安慰我，他说我们都做得很好。我知道友谊第一，不要让结果影响我们的友情。
As we all know,keeping friendship is not so easy as making friends.Therefore,it is important for us to know how to get along well with our friends.In order to win lifelong friendship,we should obey the following rules.
To begin with,we should be honest with our friends.Lies will surely make them stay far away from us.Second,we should become good listeners as well so that we can have a good understanding of one another.Third,we'd better be humble.If we are too proud before our friends,we can hardly win their respect.Finally,we should not be selfish and should be ready to help our friends whenever they are in trouble,for a friend in need is a friend indeed.
In a word,as long as we obey the rules that are mentioned above,we will find it easy to get on well with our friends.
——如何学好英语演讲稿范文五份
How To Learn English!
Here are some tips which may help you to master the English Language!
Speak without Fear
The biggest problem most people face in learning a new language is their own fear. They worry that they won’t say things correctly or that they will look stupid so they don’t talk at all. Don’t do this. The fastest way to learn anything is to do it – again and again until you get it right. Like anything, learning English requires practice. Don’t let a little fear stop you from getting what you want.
Use all of your Resources
Even if you study English at a language school it doesn’t mean you can’t learn outside of class. Using as many different sources, methods and tools as possible, will allow you to learn faster. There are many different ways you can improve your English, so don’t limit yourself to only one or two. The internet is a fantastic resource for virtually anything, but for the language learner it's perfect.
Surround Yourself with English
The absolute best way to learn English is to surround yourself with it. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, listen to English language radio broadcasts, watch English news, movies and television. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English material that you have around you, the faster you will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin “thinking in English.” .
Listen to Native Speakers as Much as Possible
There are some good English teachers that have had to learn English as a second language before they could teach it. However, there are several reasons why many of the best schools prefer to hire native English speakers. One of the reasons is that native speakers have a natural flow to their speech that students of English should try to imitate. The closer ESL / EFL students can get to this rhythm or flow, the more convincing and comfortable they will become.
Watch English Films and Television
This is not only a fun way to learn but it is also very effective. By watching English films (especially those with English subtitles) you can expand your vocabulary and hear the flow of speech from the actors. If you listen to the news you can also hear different accents.
Listen to English Music
Music can be a very effective method of learning English. In fact, it is often used as a way of improving comprehension. The best way to learn though, is to get the lyrics (words) to the songs you are listening to and try to read them as the artist sings. There are several good internet sites where one can find the words for most songs. This way you can practice your listening and reading at the same time. And if you like to sing, fine.
Study As Often As Possible!
Only by studying things like grammar and vocabulary and doing exercises, can you really improve your knowledge of any language.
Do Exercises and Take Tests
Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by completing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. One of the best reasons for doing lots of exercises and tests is that they give you a benchmark to compare your future results with. Often, it is by comparing your score on a test you took yesterday with one you took a month or six months ago that you realize just how much you have learned. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are progressing. Start now by doing some of the many exercises and tests on this site, and return in a few days to see what you've learned. Keep doing this and you really will make some progress with English.
Record Yourself
Nobody likes to hear their own voice on tape but like tests, it is good to compare your tapes from time to time. You may be so impressed with the progress you are making that you may not mind the sound of your voice as much.
Listen to English
By this, we mean, speak on the phone or listen to radio broadcasts, audiobooks or CDs in English. This is different than watching the television or films because you can’t see the person that is speaking to you. Many learners of English say that speaking on the phone is one of the most difficult things that they do and the only way to improve is to practice.
Finally
Have fun!
All of you, and judge teachers and classmates: good morning, I am very glad to attend the speech contest, today I'm going to give you a speech topic is "how to learn English well"... English is important in the modern world. It is spoken all over the world. But a few students don’t learn English well. So they want to drop English. I suggest that you shouldn’t give up English, because English is used in many countries as the first or second language. Most business letters are written in English. It is helpful for you to work in the future. If you don’t know English, you will fall behind others in future. How can you learn English well? First, you should persevere. It’s true that English is sometimes really very difficult for us. But if you have a good method of learning, I think you will be good at it. Both English listening and speaking are the most difficult for almost every beginner. Sometimes, it seems impossible to learn. But I think if you do a lot of practice, you will make progress, you should speak more and listen more often. You’d better speak English with your classmates as often as possible not only in class but also out of class. I advise you to buy a radio, so you can listen to some English programmes over the radio. Then you will travel in the world of English.If you do that, you’ll be able to learn English well easily, and you’ll like English very much.
I hope all of you will become good at English step by step. And you can study English in some advises:
1. Listen to BBC news persistently to improve your English hearing. 2. Read more and more English books, especially those written by English native speakers to expand your vocabulary as well as reading capability. 3. Try to speak in English when it's need to get rid of shyness and your spoken English will improve greatly. 4. Of course, to chat with native speakers, if possible, is a good method for learning English. Or you may chat with them on-line since you've time to log onto the Internet. 5. To watch English movies or TV plays is another option for learning English.
Here are some tips which may help you to master the English Language!
Speak without Fear
The biggest problem most people face in learning a new language is their own fear. They worry that they won’t say things correctly or that they will look stupid so they don’t talk at all. Don’t do this. The fastest way to learn anything is to do it – again and again until you get it right. Like anything, learning English requires practice. Don’t let a little fear stop you from getting what you want.
Use all of your Resources
Even if you study English at a language school it doesn’t mean you can’t learn outside of class. Using as many different sources, methods and tools as possible, will allow you to learn faster. There are many different ways you can improve your English, so don’t limit yourself to only one or two. The internet is a fantastic resource for virtually anything, but for the language learner it's perfect.
Surround Yourself with English
The absolute best way to learn English is to surround yourself with it. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, listen to English language radio broadcasts, watch English news, movies and television. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English material that you have around you, the faster you will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin “thinking in English.” .
Listen to Native Speakers as Much as Possible
There are some good English teachers that have had to learn English as a second language before they could teach it. However, there are several reasons why many of the best schools prefer to hire native English speakers. One of the reasons is that native speakers have a natural flow to their speech that students of English should try to imitate. The closer ESL / EFL students can get to this rhythm or flow, the more convincing and comfortable they will become.
Watch English Films and Television
This is not only a fun way to learn but it is also very effective. By watching English films (especially those with English subtitles) you can expand your vocabulary and hear the flow of speech from the actors. If you listen to the news you can also hear different accents.
Listen to English Music
Music can be a very effective method of learning English. In fact, it is often used as a way of improving comprehension. The best way to learn though, is to get the lyrics (words) to the songs you are listening to and try to read them as the artist sings. There are several good internet sites where one can find the words for most songs. This way you can practice your listening and reading at the same time. And if you like to sing, fine.
Study As Often As Possible!
Only by studying things like grammar and vocabulary and doing exercises, can you really improve your knowledge of any language.
Do Exercises and Take Tests
Many people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by completing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. One of the best reasons for doing lots of exercises and tests is that they give you a benchmark to compare your future results with. Often, it is by comparing your score on a test you took yesterday with one you took a month or six months ago that you realize just how much you have learned. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are progressing. Start now by doing some of the many exercises and tests on this site, and return in a few days to see what you've learned. Keep doing this and you really will make some progress with English.
Record Yourself
Nobody likes to hear their own voice on tape but like tests, it is good to compare your tapes from time to time. You may be so impressed with the progress you are making that you may not mind the sound of your voice as much.
Listen to English
By this, we mean, speak on the phone or listen to radio broadcasts, audiobooks or CDs in English. This is different than watching the television or films because you can’t see the person that is speaking to you. Many learners of English say that speaking on the phone is one of the most difficult things that they do and the only way to improve is to practice.
Finally
Have fun!
As everyone knows,English is very important today.It has been used everywhere in the world.It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. If we can speak English well,we will have more chance to succeed.Because more and more people have taken notice of it,the number of the people who go to learn English has increased at a high speed.
But for myself,I learn English not only because of its importance and its usefulness,but also because of my love for it.When I learn English, I can feel a different way of thinking which gives me more room to touch the world.When I read English novels,I can feel the pleasure from the book which is different from reading the translation.When I speak English, I can feel the confident from my words.When I write English,I can see the beauty which is not the same as our Chinese...
I love English,it gives me a colorful dream.I hope I can travel around the world one day. With my good English, I can make friends with many people from different contries.I can see many places of great intrests.I dream that I can go to London,because it is the birth place of English.
I also want to use my good English to introduce our great places to the English spoken people,I hope that they can love our country like us.
I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.
If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday , it will love me too.
I am sure that I will realize my dream one day!
Thank you!
女士们，先生们：
下午好!我的演讲题目是沙尘暴。
沙尘暴是我国北方地区春季日益频繁发生的一种恶劣天气。虽然我才13岁，但也经历过多次了。
我想大家对上月发生的沙尘暴记忆犹新，它*卷了11个省，给我国造成了很大的损失。
正如您从电视上看到的，沙尘暴所到之处，狂风卷着黄沙和尘土肆劣横行，有时候一些大树都被从中间吹倒了。鸟儿失去他们的家园，孩子们也找不到回家的.路，就像到了世界末日。
当沙尘暴发生时，我们的教室也充满了沙尘。可怜的老师，尽管已饱受粉笔灰之苦，现在又不得不待在灰尘中。可怜的同学们，他们告诉我简直都要窒息了!
我们热爱美丽的春天，我们珍爱明媚的阳光。但是沙尘暴给这些蒙上了阴影，我们知道，沙尘暴是大自然母亲对我们破坏生态劣行的惩罚。要重新看到蔚蓝的天空和明媚的春光，我们必须绿化山川，保护环境。如果我们现在就开始，还不晚。
虽然这是一项艰巨的任务，但是我们必须勇敢地面对，因为这是一场我们必须获胜的战斗!
——专四英语写作范文五份
Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others , however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing the whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life, and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace with it.
Those people who believe they have achieved some security by doing the same, familiar things are living in denial. Even when people believe they are resisting change themselves, they cannot stop the world around them from changing. Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no longer exist, or that the ‘safe’ patterns of behavior are not longer appropriate.
However, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that ‘change is always for the better.’ Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted because they have good impacts for the majority of people. A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes(such as in working conditions or property developments ) that are in their own interests.
In conclusion, I would say that change can be stimulating and energizing for individuals when they pursue it themselves, but that all change, including that which is imposed on people, does not necessarily have good outcomes.
Good Sportsmanship Is of Vital Importance
Sportsmanship is a great tradition in sports and competitions that means playing clean and handling both victory and defeat with grace, style, and dignity. Today, quite a few athletes lack sportsmanship. I personally hold that good sportsmanship is of vital importance for both the athletes themselves and their offspring.
Firstly, practicing good sportsmanship wins respect. When you win, the trick is to be a gracious and generous winner. Good sportsmanship means acknowledging victories without humiliating opponents, being quietly proud of success, and letting victories speak for themselves. Even if you win by a landslide, good sportsmanship means still finding ways to compliment your opponents. By demonstrating your respect to your opponents, you win respect from them too. Secondly, good sportsmanship teaches children how they should behave. Kids learn the basics of sportsmanship from the adults in their lives, especially their parents and their coaches. Kids who see adults behavin in a sportsmanlike way gradually come to understand that the real winners in sports are those who know how to persevere and to behave with dignity-whether they win or lose a game. A child who practices good sportsmanship is likely to carry the respect and appreciation of other people into every other aspect of life.
In conclusion, sportsmanship is a manifestation of our own ethics in real life. For the sake of sportsmen themselves and the generation to come, good sportsmanship should be highly advocated. (235 words)
Recently a blind date including 20 young men and women has been held by an organization. Some people see it as a good way to meet different people while others argue that it’s not possible to find one’s partner between two people who have not previously met. As far as I’m concerned, blind dating is worth trying and you can find your true love there!
First of all, nowadays many young people are always busying with their work; therefore they have little spare time to meet with their future partner, leading to more and more leftover women and men. According to a study, a happy life includes work and family balance, which means a harmonious family including the couple (and the baby in the future) may contribute to a comparably happy life.
What’s more, during a blind date, usually the basic information is given to both parts; therefore it’s more reliable to know a person’s family background, his or her job, religion etc. As is known to all, a couple should have the same belief in value, wealth, thus preventing many potential conflicts.
Last but not least, through blind dates, one can meet people with different personalities, thus having a clearer idea about which kind of person is suitable for being a lifelong mate. And blind dates are also great chances to make friends in the same age group.
To sum up, blind dating can be a good way to find one’s future husband or wife. It’s feasible and reliable. Hope that everyone can find true love in blind dates!
专四英语写作范文
专四是全国高校英语专业四级考试的简称，考试的`范围包括基础阶段教学大纲所规定的一至四级除读音和说的技能以外的全部内容。为了帮助大家备考专四英语写作，小编分享了一些作文范文，希望能对大家有所帮助!
Social Network Sites
In recent years, social network sites like Renren and Kaixin have rapidly gained popularity among all kinds of people. Many people spend a lot of time on those sites chatting, making friends and playing games. Those sites have become a part of their life.
The public hold different views on this phenomenon. Some are in favor of those sites for they provide many opportunities to know other people and to know what’s happening in the world. Besides, they’re very convenient to access. One can use a computer or cell phone to log on at home, in a restaurant, or even in the subway. But some people don’t approve of the social network sites. They say that people are wasting too much time on the sites. Some even get addicted to them and abandon their real life. After all, they don’t live in the virtual world.
In my opinion, the social network sites can be very helpful when we want to keep in touch with friends, but we must remember that the real world is the most important in our life.
网上冲浪
Nowadays, there is a growing popularity of Internet surfing on college campus. An increasing number of students, majoring either in science or engineering or in liberal arts, spend many hours surfing the Internet with keen interest everyday.
Internet surfing has attracted college students like magnets because it is the world of Internet and the world of globalization. First,with the global coverage of Internet,we can reach out and touch anyone at any place of the world. Via Internet,we can send and receive E-mails at any time much faster, cheaper and more effective than conventional means such as telephone, telex and fax. Next,via access to the home pages of libraries, universities, journals and news agencies, and research organizations, we can easily acquire all kinds of information, to know what is going on all over the world. Finally, by clicking the mouse, we are capable of doing such important things as shopping, finding jobs, making friends, down-loading files and programs, doing business, publishing papers and freely airing our opinions on all sorts of interesting issues. What is more, Internet offhrs many opportunities. For example, we can work, educate ourselves and communicate with others at home via Internet.
In the Information Age, it is difficuh to imagine modern life without Internet. With the rapid development of Information Technology industry, successful dot-com companies mushroomed everywhere. Internet is revolutionizing our economy, our society and our life.
让每个学生都接受高等教育
University Education Should Be Available for All
Many people propose the idea that higher education should be available to only qualified students-students with certain aptitudes, who have achieved an excellent academic performance. However,l beg to differ for the following reasons.
To begin with, the general level of education nationwide has always been employed as a criterion to gauge how advanced or developed a society is. In an ideal egalitarian society, everyone should be able to receive higher education unless he willingly forgoes that option. In other words, education should not be viewed as a privilege enjoyed only by people who are endowed with certain talents. Furthermore, it would be tremendously beneficial to any society if the general public6 rather than the fortunate few can enjoy higher education. A wide range of social issues can be effectively remedied by a high-quality education which imparts crucial moral principles. In addition, a great amount of economic value can be generated if higher education is available to more people. Yet, I also concede that it may not be practical or realistic to provide higher education to everyone owing to limited financial as well as human resources. Not even the most affluent nation in the world can fulfill that objective at this stage
In the final ***ysis, I believe that the more people who can receive higher education, the better off a society will be.
Competition is a common phenomenon in our society . We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth. Therefore,we can say that, in a certain sense, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of our modern society.
It is often believed, that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, without which, in their eyes, there is no responsibility, no drive and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation whatever they do. They are of the opinion that the dependence of people on one another has increased, without which the society we live in can not keep going smoothly. In reality, we find that in many cases competition goes hand in hand with cooperation. Lets take a football game for example. During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates. Otherwise, they would lose the game no matter how skillful each individual player might be. It is clear that competition has much to do with cooperation.
As far as I’m concerned, I do not agree with the view that competition and cooperation are always in conflict with each other. In my opinion, while advocating competition. We should never forget cooperation. In our social life, cooperation is especially necessary because most work is fulfilled with or through other people. So Ive come to the conclusion that competition are equally important.
——如何保护濒危动物英语作文范本五份
There are more and more endangered animals at present,so how to protect them has been our task of top priority .
It's wrong for people to hunt animals for their meat and feather,for they are our good friends.We should protect them instead of killing them.Giant pandas,which are one of the endangered animals,live in the forests and live on bamboo lealves.They can just live safely in the natural protection zones.
We should stop killing animal and protect them.
目前，濒危的动物正在日益剧增。
如何保护濒危动物成了我们的当务之急。人们疯狂的捕杀动物，为了它们的肉、皮毛。我们这样做是不对的，因为动物是我们的朋友，我们应该保护它们，而不是将它们赶尽杀绝。大熊猫就是濒危动物的代表，它生活在森林里，以竹子为食，它们仅仅依靠着自然保护区生存。
我们应该停止对动物们的捕杀，更好地保护它们
Everyone knows animals are our friends.So we should be friendly to them.But some people kill the rare animals,such as pandas,golden monkeys and so on in order to get money.It will cause these animals to disappear soon.I think our government should punish those people severely who kill the rare animals.It is our duty to protect the endangered animals.
大家都知道动物是我们的朋友。所以我们应该对他们友好。但是一些人杀死珍稀动物,如大熊猫,金丝猴等为了得到钱。不久它就会导致这些动物消失。我认为我们的**应该严惩这些人谁杀死珍稀动物。是我们的责任来保护濒危动物。
Everyone knows animals are our friends.
So we should be friendly to them.But some people kill the rare animals,such as pandas,golden monkeys and so on in order to get money.It will cause these animals to disappear soon.
I think our government should punish those people severely who kill the rare animals.
It is our duty to protect the endangered animals.
This afternoon, I turned on the computer on the qq, and saw in qq space "sim*** make the gods cry".
Some people are ready to take the little bear's bile. At that time, break the cage, a mother bear with huge PAWS strangled little bear, then her head hit the wall and died. Maybe it is their best way to them, because they are relieved.
After I read this story, I almost cry. So cute teddy bear, so the great bear, who is cruel killed them? Is human. Who is the one who claim to protect giant pandas? As humans. This is not a contradiction? The giant panda is a national treasure in our country, but as soon as I saw some pandas humans want to flee. Why is this? Because someone hurt the panda.
The panda is so cute! They also have life, they are not rich. We must protect the panda, some panda has been found, there are some pandas still suffer from the endless pain. We want to be treated, if they are they, by this pain?
Here, I appeal to everyone: love animals, let animals no longer afraid of us, let the world become real peace!
At the same time I also urge those who hurt the panda: panda also have life, pandas have feelings. Their value is not let us make a living, but live for yourself. I hope you can stop here!
今天下午，我打开电脑上了qq，在qq空间里看见了“惊天地泣鬼神”的一幕。
一些人准备取小熊的胆汁，这时，一只母熊挣脱了铁笼，用巨大的熊掌掐死了小熊，然后把头撞上墙壁，死了。也许这是它们最好它们的办法，因为它们解脱了。
看完这一则故事，我快哭了。这么可爱的小熊，这么伟大的母熊，是谁狠心夺走了它们的生命?是人类。口口声声说保护大熊猫的是谁?也是人类。这不是自相矛盾吗?大熊猫是我国的国宝，可一些熊猫看见人类就想逃。这是为什么?因为有人伤害熊猫。
熊猫是多么可爱啊!他们也有生命，它们不是致富的工具。我们一定要保护熊猫，一些熊猫已找到，还有一些熊猫还在受那无尽的痛苦折磨。我们要将心比心，假如自己是它们，受到这种痛苦会怎么样?
在这里，我呼吁大家：爱护动物，让动物不再惧怕我们，让这个世界变得真正和*吧!
同时我也奉劝那些伤害熊猫的人：熊猫也有生命，熊猫也有感情。它们的价值并不是让我们赚钱，而是为自己而活。希望你们能到此收手!
At present,the endangered animals are increasingly fast.How to protect them become our priority.People are crazy about killing animals for their meat, fur.But it is wrong because that animals are our friends, we should try to protect them,instead of killing them to die out. Pandas are represents of endangered animals, which live in the forest and live on bamboos for food. They only depend on the nature reserves to live. We should stop killing animals, and protect them better
目前,濒危动物越来越快。如何保护它们成为我们的首要任务。人们都喜欢猎杀动物的肉,皮毛。但这是错误的,因为动物是我们的朋友,我们应该保护他们,而不是杀死他们消亡。熊猫是濒危动物的代表,它生活在森林里,住在竹子为食。他们只依赖生存的自然保护区。我们应该停止杀害动物,保护他们更好。
