Nous vous remercions beaucoup de la somme de 50000 euros que vous avez virée à notre compte à la Banque de Chine.
十分感谢您汇划50000欧元至*银行我们的账户。
En règlement de votre facture N°B0023, nous vous remettons ci-inclus un chèque de 50000 dollars.
随函寄上金额50000美元的支票一张，用以结算贵方编号为B0023的发票。
En dépit de nos deux réclamations du paiement, nous attendons toujours le remboursement du montant de notre facture.
尽管寄去两封催款函，但我们的'账单至今未付清。
S'il est difficile pour vous de payer la somme totale, nous consentons au paiement à tempérament, sous prétexte que la somme échelonnée soit acceptable.
如目前贵方全额付款有困难，我方也同意分期支付，只要贵方建议的每期付款的数额可以接受。
Nous nous excusons profondément de l'inconvénience que vous a causée cette facture échue.
对由于账单过期给贵方所造成的不愉快，我们深表抱歉。
Est-ce que vous pourriez nous réserver des chambres dans votre hôtel ?
贵酒店能否为我们提供房间?
Veuillez nous envoyer les tarifs de chambre single pour 4 nuits à partir du 14 février 2008.
请寄给我们以下价格，单人间从2008年2月14日开始4晚。
Je voudrais confirmer la réservation par téléphone d'une chambre à deux lits le 14 février 2008.
我想确认电话预订的于2008年2月14日的`双人间一间。
Nous vous prions de nous indemniser de notre perte et nous verser le montant précité à notre compte convenu.
请赔偿我们所受的损失，并把上述金额汇到您所熟悉的我们的账户上。
Votre plainte a été transférée au fabricant.
您的投诉已转交厂商处理。
La vérification montre que les chiffres nous a trompés au cours de l'emballage, d'où la fausse livraison qui vous est parvenue.
经过检查，我们发现确实是由于包装时搞错了数字，以致贵方收货有误。
Par conséquent, vous n'ignorez surement pas que selon nos conditions de garantie de réparation, nous ne pouvons le réparer gratuitement.
因此，您应明白，根据我们的保修条件，目前这种情况不能免费修理。
——法语常用谚语 40句菁华
1、对牛弹琴 Jeter des perles devant les pourceaux.
2、病从口入，祸从口出 Les maladies entrent par la bouche, les malheurs sortent par la bouche.
3、不可能的事没有义务一定去做 limpossible,nul nest tenu.
4、沉默就意味着同意 Qui ne dit mot consent.
5、承认错误等于得到一半的宽恕 Faute avouée est à moitié pardonnée.
6、迟做总比不做好 Mieux vaut tard que jamais.
7、妇女能顶得半边天 La femme soutient la moitié du ciel.
8、隔墙有耳 Les murs ont des oreilles.
9、观其行，知其人 loeuvre on connas louvrier.
10、过分小心反误事 Trop de précautions nuit.
11、好了伤疤忘了痛 La peine est déjà loin quand le bonheur commence.
12、会叫的狗不咬人 Chien qui aboie ne mord pas.
13、火冒三丈 tre rouge de colère
14、己所不欲勿施于人 Ne fais pas à autrui ce que tu ne voudrais quon te ft
15、结果好就是全好 Tout est bien qui finit bien.
16、解铃还须系铃人 Qui casse les verres les paie.
17、酒香不怕巷子深 bon vin,point denseingne.
18、三思而后行 Il faut tourner sept fois sa langue dans la bouche avant de parler.
19、盲人国里，独眼人称王山中无老虎，猴子称霸王 Au pays des aveugles, les borgnes sont rois.
20、前事不忘后事之师 Se souvenir du passé sert de guide pour l’avenir.
21、强扭的瓜不甜 Chose faite par force ne vaut rien.
22、青年时期犯的'错是可以原谅的 Il faut que jeunesse se passe.
23、日复一日日不同 Les jours se suivent et ne se ressemblent pas.
24、如果青年人有经验，老年人有精力，该多好啊 Si jeunesse savait, si vieillesse pouvait!
25、时间就是金钱 Le temps, c’est de l’argent.
26、手凉心热(喻心生爱情) Mains froides,coeur chaud.
27、熟能生巧 L’exercice fait le matre.
28、水滴石穿 Goutte à goutte, l’eau creuse la pierre.
29、谁笑到最后谁笑得最好 Rira bien qui rira le dernier.
30、说到做到 Chose promise, chose due.
31、条条大路通罗马 Tous les chemins mènent à Rome.
32、未雨绸缪 Il faut réparer la maison avant la saison des pluies.
33、无法无天 N’avoir ni foi ni loi.
34、无火不生烟 Il n’y a pas de fumée sans feu.
35、物以类聚 Qui se ressemble s’assemble.
36、一石二鸟一箭双雕 Faire d’une pierre deux coups.
37、以牙还牙，，以眼还眼 Dent pour dent, oeil pour oeil.
38、有别的事情要做 Avoir d’autres chats à fouetter.
39、欲达目的，不计余力 Qui veut la fin veut les moyens.
40、这是极其*常的是 C’est du tous les jours.
——常用句型组成的托福作文 (菁华3篇)
单一命题式
The answer of this statement depends on your own experience and life style. In my point view, buying com*rs is as important as, if not more important than, buying books. So it is sagacious to ____________.Among countless factors which influence the choice, these are three conspicuous aspects as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for__________is that____________.
Another reason can be seen by every person is that________________.
Futhermore,______________.
In short,_________________复述前文中的理由______________.
A or B
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, we find that some people hold the idea of A meanwhile others prefer to B, from my point of view, it is more advisable to chose A rather than B. My arguments for this point are listed as follows.
The main reason for my propensity for A is that___________________________就理由进行解释_____________________.For instance,____________________
Another reason can be seen by every one is that____________________________就理由进行解释___________________For example,____________________
The argument I support in the first paragraph is also in a position of advantage because_____________________________
Although I agree that there may be a couple of advantages of B, I feel that the disadvantages are more obvious. Such as________________.
In a word, ________________________________________________.So, it is sagacious to support the statement that it is better to A.
agree or disagree
Some people argue as if it is a general truth that a _____________________________.But to be frank, I cannot agree with them. There are numerous reasons why I hold no confidence on them, and I would explore only a few primary ones here.
The main problem with this argument is that it is ignorant o the basic fact that______________解释本段中心___________.
Another reason why I disagree with the above statement is that I believe that______________.
What is more, some students are interested in____________.
In a word, ________________.
——优美的法语诗歌 (菁华3篇)
Demain, dès l'aube, à l'heure où blanchit la campagne,
Je partirai. Vois-tu, je sais que tu m'attends.
J'irai par la forêt, j'irai par la montagne.
Je ne puis demeurer loin de toi plus longtemps.
Je marcherai les yeux fixés sur mes pensées,
Sans rien voir au dehors, sans entendre aucun bruit,
Seul, inconnu, le dos courbé, les mains croisées,
Triste, et le jour pour moi sera comme la nuit.
Je ne regarderai ni l'or du soir qui tombe,
Ni les voiles au loin descendant vers Harfleur,
Et quand j'arriverai, je mettrai sur ta tombe
Un bouquet de houx vert et de bruyère en fleur.
明天，破晓时分，当田野微明，
我就启程。你看，我知道你在将我等候。
越过高山，穿过森林，
在远离你的世界里，我片刻也不想停留。
我默默地思索，孤独前行，
外面的世界，不看也不闻。
我弯着腰，背着手，步履匆匆，
满心的忧伤啊，白昼也如黑夜降临。
我不凝望那金色落日的辉煌，
也不远眺驶向阿尔弗港湾的风帆，
到达时，我将在你的墓旁，
放一束翠绿的冬青，和一把盛开的欧石楠。
Souvenir, souvenir, que me veux-tu ?
L'autome.
Faisait voler la grive à travaers l’air atone,
et le soleil dardait un rayon monotone.
Sur le bois jaunissant où la bise détone.
Nous étions seul à seule et marchions en rêvant,
Elle et moi,
les cheveux et la pensée au vent,
Soudain,
tournant vers moi son regard émouvant:
Quel fut ton plus beau jour ?
fit sa voix d’or vivant,
Sa voix douce et sonore,
au frais timbre angélique.
Un sourir discret lui donna la réplique,
Et je baisai sa main blanche,
dévotement.
—— Ah !
Les premières fleures,
qu’elles sont parfumées !
Et qu’il bruit avec un murmure charmant
Le premier oui qui sort de lèvres bien-aimées !
回忆呵，回忆，你要我怎样？
秋季
斑鸠飞起，划破凝重的空气
太阳挥洒着单调的光辉
发黄的树林中，北风凄厉。
我们曾经单独在一起，在梦中倘佯，
她和我，
任头发和思绪随风飘扬，
突然间，她转向我，
投来动人的目光：
“你最快活的日子是哪一天？”
她的嗓音甜润、明亮，
带着天使般的清新。
我对她报以微微一笑，
虔诚地吻了吻她雪白的手。
——啊！
这初绽的花朵，她是那样的芬芳！
那出自爱人芳唇的第一声oui
伴着缠绵的呢喃，在耳畔飘荡！
la distance la plus loin dans ce monde
n'est pas la distance entre la vie et la mort
c'est quand je suis debout devant toi
tu ne sais pas que je t'aime
世界上最遥远的`距离
不是生与死
而是 我就站在你面前
你却不知道我爱你
——英语写作常用重点句型 (菁华6篇)
1．对比。
正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不呵少的．如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。
1)如“很多人很快就会发现。他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样表达：
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods．but ragged in spirit．(句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果)
2)如“利远远大于弊”可以这样表达：
The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages．(句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果)
3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：
They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact．(句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果)
4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：
It will have both negative and positive effects by doing SO．(句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果)
5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达：
We have friends similar to US and friends different from US．(句中similar to与different from具有正反对比的关系和效果)
2．排比。
英文中有时也使用排比句式．这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单涮。例
如，“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达：
Reading makes US wise while exercises make US strong．
3．重复。
英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。
1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：
Now is the time to forget everything in the past．Now is the time to get down to the business．Now is the time to work hard for the future．(此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now is the time to)
2)如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：
We long for success and we are working hard for success．(此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success)
3)如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”可以这样表达：
I am convinced that we can succeed，and I am convinced that we must succeed．(and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)
4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代。而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达：
We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances．(and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era)
4．倒装。
这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的，没有臼rh选择的余地，只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采刚倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：
Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances．
5．转义。
这是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段．主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等．比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。
1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”．可以这样表达：
What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture．(此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词)
2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”．可以这样表达：
Our English teacher is our best English dictionary．(此句采用了暗喻。暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词)
3)如要表达“我正在读莎士比亚的书呢”，可以这样表达：
I am reading Shakespeare．(此句采用换喻．换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的私称来代替另一事物的名称，通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事物都可以用换喻来表达)
4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，可以这样表达：
A hand is needed here．(此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人)
5)如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，可以这样表达：
A great misfortune crept over the whole city．(此句采刚拟人。拟人的特点足将事物人格化)
6)如要表达“这种想法真是伟大的愚蠢”．可以这样表达：
This is really a great stupid idea．(此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有讽刺意味)
7)如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”，英文可为：
I was mad for success and on the news of sue(-ess 1 went mad with joy．(此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表现事物的特征故意夸大其词)
1) 主语+ cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)例如：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
2)There is no need for sb to do sth. for sth.(某人没有必要做……)，例如：There is no need for you to bring more food. 不需你拿来更多的食物了。
3)By +doing…，主语can …. (借着……，……能够……)，例如：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
4) … enable + sb.+ to + do…. (……使……能够……)，例如：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
5) On no account can we + do…. (我们绝对不能……)，例如：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
6) What will happen to sb.? (某人将会怎样?), 例如：What will happen to the orphan? 那个孤儿将会怎样?
7)For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式…. (过去……年来，……一直……)例如：
For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
8)It pays to + do….(……是值得的。)例如：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
9)主语+ be based on….(以……为基础)，例如：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
10)主语 + do one’s best to do….(尽全力去……)，例如：We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标
注意：“尽全力”在英语中有不同表达，例如：We should spare no effort/make every effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
11)主语+ be closely related to …. (与……息息相关)， 例如：Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。
12) 主语+ get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V (养成……的……)，例如：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的行为。
Owing to/Thanks to sth… (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
13)What a + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + be!= How +形容词+ a +名词+ be!(多么……!)，例如： What an important thing it is to keep our promise!= How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
14)主语 + do good/ harm to sth.. (对……有益/有害)，例如：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
15)主语 + have a great influence on sth. (对……有很大的影响)，例如：Smoking has a great innfluence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
16) nothing can prevent us from doing…. (没有事情能够阻挡我们做……), 例如：All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。
17) Upon / On doing…, …. (一……就…….) ，例如：Upon / On hearing of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn’t say a word. 一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。
注意：此句型一般可以改为如下复合句句型，例如：As soon as he heard of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he ….
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚来，她就开始抱怨。
No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain. 他刚来，就下雨了。
18) would rather do…than do…(宁愿……而不……), 例如：I would rather walk home than take a crowded bus. 我宁愿步行回家也不愿做拥挤的公交车。
注意：此句型可以改为prefer to do…rather than do…句型，例如：
I prefer to stay at home rather than see the awful film with him. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿意和他去看那部恐怖电影。
19) only + 状语， 主句部分倒装 例如：Only then could the work of reconstruction begin. 直到那时，重建工作才开始。
20) be worth doing (值得做)，例如：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
21)Owing to/Thanks to sth, …. (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
以下为复合句高级句型：
22)主语+ is + the +形容词最高级+名词+(that)+主语+ have ever + seen(known / heard / had / read,etc)例如：Liu Yifei is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen in my life. 刘亦菲是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Liu is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 刘老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
注意，比较级也可以用来表达最高级的意思， 例如：I have never seen a more beautiful girl than Liu Yifei in my life. 在我生活中我从来没见过比刘亦菲更美的女孩。Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
23)There is no denying that + S + V….(不可否认的……)，例如：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 不可否认的事实是，新的管理方法已经极大提高了产量。
24)It is universally acknowledged that +从句(全世界都知道……)，例如：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
注意，全世界都知道还可以改为以下句型：As is known to us/As we all know, …. (众所周知，……)。例如：As is known to us/As we all know, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
25)There is no doubt that +从句(毫无疑问的……)，例如：There is no doubt that he came late. 毫无疑问，他来晚了。There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.毫无疑问，你有困难时，会得到别人的帮助。
26)(It is) No wonder that.... (难怪……)，例如：No wonder that he fell asleep in class. 难怪他在课堂上睡着了。
27)So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 从句 (如此……以致于……)，例如：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
28)形容词+ as +主语+ be，主语+ 谓语(虽然……)，例如：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
29)The + 比较级 +主语+谓语， the +比较级+主语+谓语(愈……愈……)，例如：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。The more, the better. 越多越好。
30)It is time + 主语 + 过去式 (该是……的时候了)例如：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
注意：此句型可以转化为简单句句型：It is time for sth./for sb to do….例如：
It is time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。
It is time they were taught a lesson. 他们该接受教训了
31)To be frank/ To tell the truth, …. (老实说, ……) , 例如: To be frank/ To tell the truth, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.老实说，不论你喜不喜欢，你别无选择。
32)it took him a year to do….( 他用了1年的时间来做……), 例如：As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.到目前为止我们所知道的是，他用了1年的时间来写这本书。It took them a long time to realize they had made a mistake. 过了很久，他们才意识到犯错了。
33)spent as much time as he could doing sth.(花尽可能的时间做某事)，例如：He spent as much time as he could remembering new words. 他花了尽可能多时间记新单词。
34)Since + 主语 + 过去式，主语 + 现在完成式，例如：Since he went to senior high school， he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
35)An advantage of… is that + 句子 (……的优点是……)，例如：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
36) It was not until recently that….( 直到最*, ……) ，例如：It was not until recently that the problem was solved. 直到最*这个问题才被解决。
37) We will be successful as long as we…. (只要我们……，我们就会成功的) ，例如：
We will be successful as long as we insist on working hard.只要我们坚持努力工作，我们会成功的。
38) No matter + wh-从句，…, 例如：No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it.不管英语有多么难，你都应该尽你最大的努力来学它。No matter what he asks you to do, please refuse him. 不管他让你做什么，请拒绝他。注意：此句型一般可以改为疑问词+ever引导的从句，+主句，例如：Whatever he asks you to do, please refuse him.
39)It’s useless/ no good / no use doing sth. (做……是没有用的) , 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
40)It’s + a shame / nice/ kind + to do (做.....真惭愧/好)，例如：It’s a shame to lose the match. 输了比赛，真惭愧!It’s nice of you to tell me the truth. 你太好了，告诉我真相。It’s your turn to look after the young trees. 该你照顾这些小树了。
41)It is obvious/clear that + 从句 (…是明显的)，例如：It is obvious that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
注意：此句型中it是形式主语，其后谓语可以有不同变化。例如：
It’s certain that he will win the election. 他肯定会赢得选举。
It is true that we must make our greater efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries.是真的，我们要作出更大的努力，不然/否则，我们不能赶上发达国家。
It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作20小时的。
It’s hard to say whether the plan is practical.这个计划是否实际很难说。
It is a common saying that where there is a will ,there is a way.俗话说，有志者，事竟成。
It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 一定要指出的是国家基本政策之一是在提高人口质量的同时控制人口增长。
It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力的工作。
It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we cannot overcome.从这里可看出，世上没有克服不了的困难。
It has been proved that his theory is right.已经证明，他的理论是对的。
42)It is/ was ….that… (强调句型), 例如：It was on the desk that you put your book. 你把书放桌子上了。It was the doctor that inquired what had happened. 医生询问了发生的事情。
43)I don’t think / feel/ suppose that… (否定前移)，例如：
I don’t think that we shall finish it on time. 我认为我们不能按时完成(工作)。
44)The reason why + 从句 is that + 从句 (……的原因是……)，例如：
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can sup* fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
The reason why the river is polluted is that the factory has poured much waste into it.这条河受污染的原因是那家工厂向里倾到了很多垃圾。
注意：表示原因还可用以下句型。请比较：That is the reason why …. (那就是……的原因)，例如：Summer is very hot. That is the reason why I don’t like it.夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
45)It will (not) + 时间段 + before…(……需要很长时间), 例如：It will be a long time before everything returns to normal. 一切恢复正常需要很长时间。
46) I think / feel/ find it + important/ our duty + to do… (我发觉做……重要/是我的责任),例如：I feel it our duty to help the old. 我觉得帮助老人是我们的职责。
47)Those who…. (……的人……)，例如：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
注意：此句型还可以转化为one/a person who…, 例如：
As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.俗话说，世上无难事，只怕有心人。In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved.在某种情况下，一个成功的科学家就是一个绝不满足于自己已取得的成就的人。
大学英语四级写作5类常用句型
1.用于描写漫画图表的常用句型
① As the graph depicts,…
② From the picture we can see that…
③ According to the statistics shown in the first/second graph,…
④ The table shows/indicates/reveals that…
⑤ It can be seen/concluded from the picture/table/figures that…
2.用于句首提出论点或现象的句型
① Recently,…has become the focus of society.
② …has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
③ Nowadays, there is a growing concern for…
④ Nowadays, it is common to hear/see…
⑤ …has become a common occurrence in our daily life.
⑥ Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of…
⑦ It is only during the last/past few years that men have become generally aware that…
⑧ There is an old/a popular saying/proverb that says/goes…
⑨ In recent years, there is a general tendency…
⑩ Nowadays,…has become a problem we have to face.
3.用于比较阐述不同观点的常用句型
① Some people like/prefer…, while others feel/are inclined to…
② There are different opinions among people as to…
③ Some people claim that…is superior to… Others, however, disagree with it.
④ Some people believe that… Others maintain that… Still others claim that…
⑤ Some people suggest… Others, however, hold the opposite opinion.
⑥ On the one hand, people tend to… On the other hand, they feel…
⑦ Some people argue that… Others, in contrast, believe that…
⑧ Although more and more people come to believe that…, there are still others who insist that…
⑨ On the contrary, there are people in favor of…
⑩ There are some people who hold different opinions about…
4.用于陈述个人观点的句型
① My own experience tells me that…
② In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…
③ As for my own idea about…, I believe…
④ As far as I am concerned, I plan to…
⑤ Personally, I prefer…
⑥ In my view, both sides are partly right in that…
⑦ But for me, I would rather…
⑧ My point of view is that…
⑨ In conclusion, I support the statement that…
⑩ As for me, I tend to choose…
5.用于结尾的常用句型
① From what has been discussed/mentioned above, we may conclude that…
② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that…
③ It is high time that something was done about…
④ From all the reasons/considerations above, it is evident/clear/obvious that…
⑤ Taking all these factors into account, we may reach the conclusion that…
⑥ Given the reasons I have just outlined/discussed/presented, I strongly recommend that…
英语四级写作三大正文段
1.段内并列
分析某事物时，用此句型说明其主要原因或者多方面原因
例如：Why…? For one thing …For another …There are many reasons for this problem. First /For one thing …Second / For another …Third/ Still another …
2.段内延伸
例如：In involves some serious consequence for …
3.段内对照
(1)肯定其中一个
The benefits gained from B are much greater than that of A.
(2)二者有共同点
A and B have several things in common .They are similar in that…
英语四级写作如何避开跑题
英语四级写作指导：1个宗旨
一般建议在作文的最后一段点出作文的宗旨，也即我们所说的"点题"。文章最后一段重申和强调作文主题，使阅卷老师非常轻松地找到文章的主旨，判断考生是否"切题"，给阅卷老师节省了时间，自然会得到一些额外的"好感分"。
英语四级写作指导：2个范围
任何一个作文题目，假如能够成为一个"可以让人探讨的话题"，势必需要"事关人"或者"事关物"，也许不要"事关重大"，但是必须是有话可说的。
"人"或"物"，就是四六级作文的两个命题范围：
(1)关于"人"的文章，一般涉及"个人成长成功心态哲理话题价值观品质"等"较为抽象"的话题。这种话题重在强调人的"内在品质"，强调"积极意义教育价值"，命题旨在教育考生"做一个什么样的人"。因此，与人有关的"成长类心态类和哲理类话题"是第一个命题的范围。
(2)关于"物"的文章，一般涉及"社会事务社会现象"等较为"具体实在"的话题。这种话题重在强调"社会事件和现象"，旨在考察考生的"观察问题分析问题解决问题"的实质能力。诸如2012年6月的四级考试"excessive package of products"(商品过度包装) 2012年12月四级考试education pays (教育的回报)以及2013年6月六级的地球资源与人类的需求和贪欲，考察的都是关于"物"的实在现象。
英语四级写作指导：3种属性
所谓"属性"，说的是作文的话题的"性别"--作文的话题是正面的负面的还是中性的?确定了作文的"属性"，加上作文考察的"范围"，对整个文章的展开会有重大的作用。
正如数学概念中的"坐标轴"，有"原点负面和正面"三个概念。作文的主题，也同样可以分为"中性话题负面话题和正面话题"三类。通常而言，
(1)"负面消极话题"需要在作文的二三段阐述这个负面话题产生的原因危害弊端和解决的措施策略;
(2)"中性一般话题"需要阐述这个话题或现象产生的原因，并且适当发表个人见解看法;
(3)"正面积极话题“，则尽量论述这个话题的意义重要性和价值以及这个话题对考生带来的启发。
在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。想不想试一试呢？
一、开头句型
我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。
在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。
I．．．．has both advantages and
disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：
1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．
2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．
3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．
举一反三：
1．Although com*rs bring people a lot of convenience，they have many
disadvantages．
2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every
coin has two sides，．．．has its
disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）
II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part
in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：
1．Com*rs play an important role in science and technology．
2．Com*rs play a more and more important role in our life．
Com*rs play an increasingly important role in our studies．
3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．
4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．
举一反三：
1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．
2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance
communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．
III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如：
1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can
afford a car．
2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more
and more serious．
3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get
a college degree by taking online-courses at home．
4．With the current social and technological developments，employees
with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．
举一反三：
1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is
becoming more and more serious．
随着*人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。
2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards
women is changing．
随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。
3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing
number of Chinese
families can afford a car．
随着*改革开放的深入，越来越多的*家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。）
本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。
我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。
IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe
that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably
some truth in both arguments
／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。
本结构先用when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用some．．．others
．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in
both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：
TV，a good thing or bad thing
When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．
二、结尾句型
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。
V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：
1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world．
2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．
3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．
4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．
本文列举了英语作文中常用的几个句型，当然不是要大家写出千一律的文章来，而是希望起到一种抛砖引玉的作用，提醒大家在学中注意多总结，以使自己的写作水*更上一层楼。
一、开头段常用提出现象句型
1. Nowadays more and more … are commonly and widely used in everyday life.
2. In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…
3. Recent years have seen a boom in …
4. Nowadays, there are many….
5. nowadays, … has become a very common matter in …
6. Nowadays there is a growing tendency in …
7. Recently … has aroused wide concern./…has been brought into focus.
8. Most of us may have such experience that …
二、开头段常用引出他人观点句型
1. In reaction to the phenomenon …, some people say …
2. When it comes to …, some people think…
3. When asked about …, most people say …
4. Now, it is widely believed that …
三、开头段常用引出两种不同观点句型
1. There has sprung up a heated debate as to whether …. Some maintain that…. However, others
believe that …
2. There is a public debate today over …. Some people believe…. Others claim that…
3. People’s opinions vary when they talk about …. Some maintain that…. Others believe that …
四、中间段常用引出作用、重要性、优缺点、影响句型
1. … plays an important role in …
2. The advantages of … lies in many ways.
3. …, as is the case with many issues, has both merits and demerits.
4. … will bring about an unfavorable effects on …
5. … will cause a sweeping change to …
6. … may give rise to/result in a number of problems
五、中间段、结尾段常用引出原因句型
1. Why …? Three factors can explain this.
2. Three factors weigh heavily for…. For one thing,…for another, …. A third contributing factor is ….
3. The factors that contribute to … include…
4. Tow major factors account for …. On the one hand,… . On the other hand,….
六、中间段、结尾段常用引出解决方法句型
1. How to …? The key words are as follows. To begin with, …. Next, …. Finally, ….
2. Such…would not… if we knew the following ways to handle…. First, …. Second, …. Third,…
3. The impacts could be minimized if we follow the suggestions as follow. One suggestion is ….
Another suggestion is …. A further suggestion is ….
七、结尾段常用引出我的个人观点句型
1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with…
2. As to me ,the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.
3. For my par, I am on the side of …
4. As I see it,…
China needs to reexamine the results of economic and social modernization in order to ascertain the benefits and indeed(表示加强含义) the detrimental aspects from a new perspective. Otherwise, various perceived accomplishments might in fact prove to be far from beneficial .
*需要重新检查经济和社会现代化带来的结果以便从新的角度明确它们的好处，甚至是有害的方面。否则，许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带来好处。
We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption . We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift in order to protect our newfound prosperity.
我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反，我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。
Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain extent valid, but none fully address the problem and the issue must be examined in a wider context.
目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。
There is little doubt that immediate action is required to eliminate the detrimental aspects of drunk driving once and forever.
毫无疑问，必须立即采取行动彻底消除酒后驾车的危害
(5)Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver . The incident was far from rare , and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving drunk driving
几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的酒后驾车案例的典型之一。
It is high time we put an end to the deplorable practice of food contamination .
我们早该杜绝食品污染这种应遭谴责的做法。
The most striking conclusion that can be reached when weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the market economy is quite frankly prosperity.
很坦率地说，在权衡市场经济的利弊时能得出的最显著的结论是繁荣。
The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that the scourge of * will be brought under control in the foreseeable future.
提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：艾滋病的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。
——英语写作常用重点句型 40句菁华
1、. There is no need to do 没必要做…
2、that little girl那个小女孩
3、如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：
4、如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：
5、如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”．可以这样表达：
6、如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，可以这样表达：
7、For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式…. (过去……年来，……一直……)例如：
8、nothing can prevent us from doing…. (没有事情能够阻挡我们做……), 例如：All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。
9、Thanks to + N/Ving, xxx(因为，由于……) Thank sb. for (doing) sth.因为……感谢某人
10、关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
11、A bears some resemblances to B.
12、A and B differ in several ways.
13、A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
14、It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
15、a+形容词比较级+n.……
16、性质形容词有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot
17、以-ly结尾的形容词
18、有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
19、Make hay while the sun shines.晒草要趁太阳好。
20、People’s opinion wary when they talk about…Some maintain that…Others believe that…
21、…may give rise to/result in a number of problems.
22、Good night. 晚安。
23、How old is he? 他多大了?
24、Have some bananas， please. 请吃些香蕉。
25、May I have yours? 我能吃你的吗?
26、Can I have one，please? 我能吃一个吗?
27、I like to draw pictures there.我喜欢在那儿画画。
28、Yes， a dress for my daughter.是的，给我女儿买条裙子。
29、It’s over there， near the Bank of China. 就在那儿，*银行的旁边。
30、Yes. /All right./ OK./ Sure. 好的。
31、Look at his coat. 看他的外套。
32、How beautiful! 多美啊!
33、Pardon? 对不起，请再说一遍。
34、Where are the balls? 球在哪儿?
35、Please give it to me. 请把它给我。
36、Nowadays, there are many….
37、Nowadays there is a growing tendency in …
38、Most of us may have such experience that …
39、People’s opinions vary when they talk about …. Some maintain that…. Others believe that …
40、… will bring about an unfavorable effects on …
——常用商务英语邮件 (菁华3篇)
Dear Joyce,
On March 25, 2017, the amount of ￥100,000,000 as payment for your invoice No.1234567 was transferred into your account. Please check and send us your confirmation.
I have faxed a copy of the remittance slip for your reference.
Truly yours,
Edward
尊敬的乔伊斯：
2017年3月25日，我方已经将发票号码为1234567的货款100,000,000元人民币汇入你的账户里。请您查收并确认。
汇款凭单我也已经传真给你，以供参考。
爱德华
谨上
Dear Jimmy,
In order to strengthen economic relations and promote friendship between us, I'd like to invite you for a meeting with our general manager Zhang Zheng if you feel convenient.
As the 15th International Books Trade Fair will be held in Beijing Modern International Exhibition Center from March 20th to 25th, 2011, we think you might be paying a visit to the exhibition. As the name suggests, it has been a fair for international famous books since 2000, which is also regarded as the “representative books fair” in China. If you come, we would like to invite you for a meeting with our general manager at the Garden Hotel, on March 19th to discuss business potential expansion between us. Our general manager wishes to have the opportunity for a meeting with you and to show you around our workshop, thus consolidating friendly business relations.
We will appreciate your confirmation of availability at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Hui
亲爱的吉米：
为加强巩固我们之间的经济关系及友谊，诚挚邀请您与我公司总经理张正会面，当然是以您方便为前提。
第15届图书展销会将于2011年3月20日至25日在北京现代国际会展中心举行。我想，贵公司可能会来参观这次展销会。正如图书展销会名称所示，自2000年以来，展出的一直都是国际著名图书，同时，也被认为是*“最具代表性的图书展览盛会”。如果您来参观这次展销会，我公司将邀请您3月19日在花园酒店与我公司总经理会面，讨论我们之间拓展业务的可能性。我公司经理很希望有机会与您见面洽谈。届时，为巩固双方友好业务关系，我们还将带您参观我们的`车间。
恭候佳音。
王惠
谨上
Dear Mr. Benjemin,
I'm now writing to inform you that the samples that you requested were sent by Federal Express today.
In the mail, I've also enclosed a price list and color swatches. Please inform me at your earliest convenience as soon as they arrive.Thanks a lot!
I'm looking forward to your earliest response.
Yours sincerely,
* Company
尊敬的本杰明先生：
我写这封信是要通知您，您要求的样品已于今天由联邦快递发出。
随信附上了价格表和颜色样本。您收到货物时请通知我。多谢!
期待您的回应。
*公司
谨上
——高考英语写作常用句型优选【五】篇
Dear Lucy，
The Double Ninth Festival，which is the day set aside for the elderly in our
culture，is drawing near. Our class plan is to visit the nursing home this Sunday
in order to help the elderly there and enrich our after\class life at the same time.
Here are some detailed arrangements during our stay there. Well make
dumplings and cakes with the elderly people. Well also spend some fun time
together singing，dancing and playing games，which will make them happy. We should be back around 4 oclock in the afternoon as planned. Im convinced that the
activity will be enjoyable and meaningful.
If youd like to join us，please let us know and well wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.
Looking forward to your re***.
Yours，
Li Hua
一)比较
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that…
4.It is reasonable to maintain that …but it would be foolish to claim that…
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think …， but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A … , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are …
二)原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem)。
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that…
4. The factors that contribute to this situation include…
5. The change in …largely results from the fact that…
6. We may blame …，but the real causes are…
7. Part of the explanations for it is that …
8.One of the most common factors (causes ) is that …
9.Another contributing factor (cause ) is …
10.Perhaps the primary factor is that …
11.But the fundamental cause is that …
三)批驳
1)It is true that …， but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say …， but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that…
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for …
7) Too much stress placed on … may lead to …
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that …
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that …
四)后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is …
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon…
4. Its consequence can be so great that…
五)举例
1) A good case in point is …
2) As an illustration, we may take …
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) …is often cited as an example.
六)证明
1) No one can deny the fact that …
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows …
4) Recent studies indicate that …
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that …
6) According to statistics proved by …， it can be seen that …
七)开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of …
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among …
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over …
6) Never in our history has the idea that … been so popular.
7) Faced with …， quite a few people argue that …
8) According to a recent survey, …
9) With the rapid development of …， …
八)结尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that …
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop …
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to …
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that …
5) There is no easy method, but …might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must …
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to …
10) Taking all these into account, we …
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear…
1) .. . rank first (both) in...
2) The number is ...times as much as that of ...
3) The figure has nearly doubled, as against that of last year.
4) It accounts for 35% of...
5) By comparison with ..., it decreased/increased/fell from...to...
6) ...rise rapidly(slowly)
7) ...remain level...
8) ...reach ...
第一步：定体裁、中心
审题准——审题确定方向，行文紧扣主题
根据提示，首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章，是记叙文、说明文、应用文，还是议论文。无论提供材料的方式是文字描述，还是图画或表格，要求文章的主要体裁是唯一的.。*几年全国卷写作考查书信类居多，在确定是应用文的书信类之后，还要审是建议信、请求信、道歉信还是推荐信等，要求写的是说明介绍、解释原因还是计划安排等。
第二步：定要点、人称、时态
要点准——要点全而不漏
要点要全：根据要点提示，提取keywords, 拟定topic sentences。定要点时要弄清什么该写，什么不该写;哪些该详写，哪些该略写。
人称要对：审人称，即用什么人称来表达。书信中常常会用到第一、二人称，但在涉及其他人、物介绍说明时，常用第三人称。
时态要准：讲述现在的情况应用一般现在时;涉及计划打算时，常用一般将来时;涉及对以往的叙述时，常用一般过去时。当然情态动词的恰当运用，也会使表达更加准确，语气更加自然。
第三步：定段落
结构美——行文条理清晰，力避一段到底，根据写作提示内容与要点，常采用二段式或三段式的段落模式。
实战演练
【典例】 ( 2015全国卷Ⅱ)假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院(nursing home)陪老人们过重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：1.出发及返回时间;2.活动：包饺子、表演节目等。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.结语已为你写好。
2)There is no need for sb to do sth. for sth.(某人没有必要做……)，例如：There is no need for you to bring more food. 不需你拿来更多的食物了。
3)By +doing…，主语can …. (借着……，……能够……)
例如：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
4) … enable + sb.+ to + do…. (……使……能够……)
例如：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
5) On no account can we + do…. (我们绝对不能……)
例如：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
6) What will happen to sb.(某人将会怎样)
例如：What will happen to the orphan那个孤儿将会怎样
7)For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式…. (过去……年来，……一直……)
例如：For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
8)It pays to + do….(……是值得的。)例如：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
9)主语+ be based on….(以……为基础)
例如：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
10)主语 + do one’s best to do….(尽全力去……)
例如：We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标注意：“尽全力”在英语中有不同表达，例如：We should spare no effort/make every effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
11)主语+ be closely related to …. (与……息息相关)
例如：Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。
12) 主语+ get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V (养成……的*惯)
例如：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的*惯。
Owing to/Thanks to sth… (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his
encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
13)What a + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + be!= How +形容词+ a +名词+ be!(多么……!)
例如： What an important thing it is to keep our promise!= How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
14)主语 + do good/ harm to sth.. (对……有益/有害)
例如：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
15)主语 + have a great influence on sth. (对……有很大的影响)
例如：Smoking has a great influence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
16) nothing can prevent us from doing…. (没有事情能够阻挡我们做……)
例如：All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。
17) Upon / On doing…, …. (一……就…….)
例如：Upon / On hearing of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn’t say a word. 一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。
注意：此句型一般可以改为如下复合句句型
例如：As soon as he heard of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he ….
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚来，她就开始抱怨。
No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain. 他刚来，就下雨了。
18) would rather do…than do…(宁愿……而不……)
例如：I would rather walk home than take a crowded bus. 我宁愿步行回家也不愿做拥挤的.公交车。
注意：此句型可以改为prefer to do…rather than do…句型，例如：I prefer to stay at home rather than see the awful film with him. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿意和他去看那部恐怖电影。
19) only + 状语， 主句部分倒装
例如：Only then could the work of reconstruction begin. 直到那时，重建工作才开始。
20) be worth doing (值得做)
例如：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
21)Owing to/Thanks to sth, …. (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his
encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
以下为复合句高级句型：
22)主语+ is + the +形容词最高级+名词+(that)+主语+ have ever + seen(known / heard / had / read,etc)
例如：Liu Yifei is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen in my life. 刘亦菲是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Liu
is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 刘老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
注意，比较级也可以用来表达最高级的意思
例如：I have never seen a more beautiful girl than Liu Yifei in my life. 在我生活中我从来没见过比刘亦菲更美的女孩。Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
23)There is no denying that + S + V….(不可否认的……)
例如：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 不可否认的事实是，新的管理方法已经极大提高了产量。
24)It is universally acknowledged that +从句(全世界都知道……)
例如：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
注意，全世界都知道还可以改为以下句型：As is known to us/As we all know, …. (众所周知，……)
例如：As is known to us/As we all know, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
25)There is no doubt that +从句(毫无疑问的……)
例如：There is no doubt that he came late. 毫无疑问，他来晚了。There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育
——高中英语作文常用句型通用五篇
高中英语作文常用句型
一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。
(一)表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。
at first 最初 for one thing…(for another)
at present 现在;当今 首先…(其次)…
currently 目前;最后 recently 最*
first(ly)第一 in general 一般说来
in the beginning 起初 one the one hand…(on the other hand)
to begin with 首先;第一 一方面…(另一方面)
first of all 首先;第一 generally speaking 一般地说
in the first place 首先;第一 on the whole 总起来说
lately 最* to start with 首先;第一
presently 现在;此刻 now 现在
(二)有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。
after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时
after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地;当然地
after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此;结果
also/too 并且;又 for example 例如
at the same time 同时 for instance 例如
beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的
Besides/what,s more 而且;此外 from now on 从此
in addition 此外 second 第二;第二点
in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二
in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地
in other words 换句话说 so 所以
in particular 特别(地) soon 不久
in the same way 同样地 still 仍然
by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后
indeed 的确 third 第三;第三点
meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三
moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次
no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如
obviously 明显地 later 后来
of course当然 truly 事实上;真实地
particularly特别地 unlike …不像……;和……不同
what is more 而且;此外
(三)有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。
after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地
all the same 依然;照样 however 然而;无论如何
anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管……;虽然……
at the same time同时;然而 luckily 幸运地
but 但是 by this time 此时
though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地
in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地
even though即使 otherwise 否则
still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地
in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……;和……不同
as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是
especially 特别地
(四)有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。
above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是
as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之
as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说
as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说;整个看来
at last 最后 therefore 因此
by and large 一般说来 thus 因此
briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说
by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之
eventually 最后 surely 无疑
finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之
in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问
in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑
in short 简而言之 truly 的确
in a word 总之 so 所以
certainly 当然地;无疑地 obviously 显然
all in all 总之
二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。
(一)表示因果关系
as a result
He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.
as a result of
He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.
accordingly
He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.
because(of)
We are delayed because of a traffic jam.
due to
His success is due to his excellent work.
owing to
Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.
thanks to
Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.
now that
Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.
so long as
You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and again.
since
Since you are here now, you,d better give a hand.
in that
The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.
so that
The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.
therefore
There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.
(二)表示解释关系
as a matter of fact
I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.
as well
I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.
frankly speaking
Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.
in this case
In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.
(三)表示推理关系
or else
Hurry up, or else you,ll be late.
otherwise
You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.
if so
If so, it will make a great difference.
(四)表示递进关系
in addition
I need your help. In addition, I also need her support.
besides
First, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.
and moreover
The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin.
that is to say
The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.
in other words
I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this canteen.
equally important
You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.
what,s more
It is harmful to my health, and what,s more, it is no good to my work.
last but not least
Last but bot least, my thanks should go to every member of my class.
(五)表示比较关系
equally
As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.
in the same way
It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.
in contrast to
In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.
instead
If you don’t go, I,ll go instead.
on the contrary
You thought I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.
in contrast
It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it,s very cold at night.
while
We are happy in China, while most Africans live unhappily.
高中英语作文经典句型
一、~ the + ~ est +名词+(that)+主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read，etc)
~ the most +形容词+名词+(that)+主词+ have ever +
seen(known/heard/had/read，etc)
例句：
Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V……(不可否认的……)
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad
to worse.
不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~(全世界都知道……)
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that +句子~~(毫无疑问的……)
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be
desired.
毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子(……的优点是……)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't
create(produce)any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子(……的原因是……)
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with
fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can sup*** fresh air for
us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此……以致于……)
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be，S + V~~~(虽然……)
例句：Rich as our country is， the qualities of our living are by no means
satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不}
虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V，~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V，~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈……愈……)
例句：The harder you work，the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。
The more books we read，the more learned we become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。
十二、By +Ving，~~ can ~~(借着……，……能够……
例句
By taking exercise，we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V(……使……能够……)
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~(我们绝对不能……)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S +过去式(该是……的时候了)
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the
traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~(……的人……)
例句：
Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~(没有人不……)
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V(不得不……)
例句：Since the examination is around the corner，I am compelled to give up
doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that +句子(可想而知的)
It is obvious that +句子(明显的)
It is apparent that +句子(显然的)
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~(那就是……的原因)
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past +时间，S +现在完成式……(过去……年来，……一直……)
例句：For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination.
过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S +过去式，S +现在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school，he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~(……是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on(以……为基础)
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony. 社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V(不遗余力的)
例句：We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
二十六、bring home to +人+事(让……明白……事)
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~(与……息息相关)
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health. 做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving = make it a rule to + V(养成……的*惯)
例句：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 我们应该养成早睡早起的*惯。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving，~~~(因为……)
例句：Thanks to his encouragement，I finally realized my dream.
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么……!)
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
三十一、Leave much to be desired(令人不满意)
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~(对……有很大的影响)
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to(对……有益)，do harm to(对……有害)
例句：Reading does good to our mind. 读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health. 工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~(对……造成一大威胁)
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
1.It is important for everyone to learn English well in our rapidly developing world. 在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。
2.The harder you work at it, the more progress you will make.
3.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
4.If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界会变得更加美好。
5.The best way to remember new words is to practice them everyday.
6.记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。
7.The atmosphere in my family is fantastic. 我的家庭气氛温馨和睦。
8.The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life is more convenient and colorful.
9.人们为什么选择生活在城市的原因是因为城市的生活更方便、更多彩。
10.I had a great first impression of American people.
11.我对美国人民有了很好的第一印象。
12.We have lots of confidence in our ability to solve any problem.
13.我们对自己解决问题的能力有足够的信心。
14.With the rapid development of modern technology, the Internet has become a necessary part of our daily life and work.
15.随着现代科技的迅速发展，互联网已经成为生活和工作中必不可少的一部分。
16.You should read as many books as you possibly can.
17.China is becoming more and more prosperous because of the reform and “opening up” policy. 由于实施了改革开放政策，中国变得更加繁荣了。
18.We all need clean air to breathe; we all need clean water to drink; we all need green places to enjoy.我们都需要呼吸清新的空气，我们都需要饮用洁净的水，我们都需要绿地来享受。
19.Let’s work together to make our world a better place.
20.让我们一起努力把世界变得更加美好。
21.I suppose electronic dictionaries are convenient, but Iead to laziness! 我觉得电子字典很方便，但会使人们变懒。
22.In conclusion, the advantages of studying abroad outweigh its disadvantages 总之，出国留学的优点要大于它的缺点。
23.Now, I think it is really successful experience, and I totally understand what labor means.现在，我想这真是一次成功的经历，并且我完全理解了劳动的.意义。
24.From this earthquake, I realized that the power of the mass is endless. 通过这次的地震，我认识到了群众的力量是无穷的。
25.If you have spare time to visit my hometown, I’d be more than happy to be your guide.如果你有空闲时间我的家乡做客，我会非常乐意做你的导游。
26.Nowadays, both teachers and parents worry a great deal about the student’s using the Internet.如今，老师和家长都对学生上网现象极为担心。
27.Views on the issue in question vary from person to person.
28.对于该问题的看法因人而异。
29.We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges. 我们被赋予新的机会和面临着新的挑战。
30.Thank you for your consideration.感谢你的体谅。
31.I really appreciate what you’ve done for my family and me.
32.我衷心感谢你为我和我家人所做的一切。
33.We should be very grateful if you help our children with their English study 如果你帮助我们小孩学英语，我们将感激不尽。
34.We should make full use of our time to do useful and productive things. 我们应该充分利用好时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。
35.In 2008, you will see Beijing as beautiful as a garden, with cleaner water and clearer sky.到2008年，我们会看到北京像花园一样，有着更加清澈的河水和碧透的天空。
36.How nice to hear from you again.能再次收到你的来信真是太好了。
37.Your early re*** will be highly appreciated.敬盼早日回复。
38.I’m looking forward to meeting you in no time.我期待与你早日相见。
39.If you have any questions or requests, please let me know.
40.如果你有什么问题和请求只管跟我说。
41.No matter what you do in the future, English will always be important. 不管你将来做什么，英语都是最重要的。
42.Nothing is more important than to receive education.
43.没有什么比接受教育更重要的事了
44.There is no doubt that playing video game is going to be their biggest problem for students to affect study.毫无疑问，玩电子游戏正在成为影响学生学*的最大问题。
45.Obviously, it is high/(about) time that we took some effective measures to solve the problem.显然，早该采取一些积极的措施来解决问题。
46.I suggest the department concerned taking some effective measures to improve the present situation.我建议有关部门采取一些有效措施改善现状。
47.Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
48.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
49.We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
50.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
51.Smoking has a great influence on our health.
52.As a proverb says, /( As is well known to us,) storms make trees take deeper roots.有句名言说道：风暴使树木深深扎根。
开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言
2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...
3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......
4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，
5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...
6.It's generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...
7.It's likely that ... 这可能是因为...
8.It's hardly that... 这是很难的......
9.It's hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There's no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…
13.what's far more important is that... 更重要的'是…
结尾句型
1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…
2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...因此，我们有理由相信…
3.All things considered,总而言之 It may be safely said that...它可以有把握地说......
4.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…
5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论…
6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是，....
7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
(一)表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。
at first 最初 for one thing…(for another)
at present 现在;当今 首先…(其次)…
currently 目前;最后 recently 最*
first(ly)第一 in general 一般说来
in the beginning 起初 one the one hand…(on the other hand)
to begin with 首先;第一 一方面…(另一方面)
first of all 首先;第一 generally speaking 一般地说
in the first place 首先;第一 on the whole 总起来说
lately 最* to start with 首先;第一
presently 现在;此刻 now 现在
(二)有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。
after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时
after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地;当然地
after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此;结果
also/too 并且;又 for example 例如
at the same time 同时 for instance 例如
beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的
Besides/what,s more 而且;此外 from now on 从此
in addition 此外 second 第二;第二点
in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二
in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地
in other words 换句话说 so 所以
in particular 特别(地) soon 不久
in the same way 同样地 still 仍然
by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后
indeed 的确 third 第三;第三点
meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三
moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次
no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如
obviously 明显地 later 后来
of course当然 truly 事实上;真实地
particularly特别地 unlike …不像……;和……不同
what is more 而且;此外
(三)有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。
after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地
all the same 依然;照样 however 然而;无论如何
anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管……;虽然……
at the same time同时;然而 luckily 幸运地
but 但是 by this time 此时
though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地
in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地
even though即使 otherwise 否则
still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地
in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……;和……不同
as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是
especially 特别地
(四)有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的`内容。
above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是
as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之
as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说
as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说;整个看来
at last 最后 therefore 因此
by and large 一般说来 thus 因此
briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说
by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之
eventually 最后 surely 无疑
finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之
in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问
in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑
in short 简而言之 truly 的确
in a word 总之 so 所以
certainly 当然地;无疑地 obviously 显然
all in all 总之
(一)表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。
at first 最初 for one thing…(for another)
at present 现在;当今 首先…(其次)…
currently 目前;最后 recently 最*
first(ly)第一 in general 一般说来
in the beginning 起初 one the one hand…(on the other hand)
to begin with 首先;第一 一方面…(另一方面)
first of all 首先;第一generally speaking 一般地说
in the first place 首先;第一 on the whole 总起来说
lately 最* to start with 首先;第一
presently 现在;此刻 now 现在
(二)有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。
after/after that/afterwards此后by this time 此时
after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地;当然地
after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此;结果
also/too 并且;又 for example 例如
at the same time 同时 for instance 例如
beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的
Besides/what's more 而且;此外 from now on 从此
in addition 此外 second 第二;第二点
in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二
in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地
in other words 换句话说 so 所以
in particular 特别(地) soon 不久
in the same way 同样地 still 仍然
by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后
indeed 的'确 third 第三;第三点
meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三
moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次
no doubt 无疑地such as 正如
obviously 明显地 later 后来
of course当然truly 事实上;真实地
particularly特别地 unlike …不像……;和……不同
what is more 而且;此外
(三)有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。
after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地
all the same 依然;照样 however 然而;无论如何
anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管……;虽然……
at the same time同时;然而 luckily 幸运地
but 但是 by this time 此时
though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地
in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地
even though即使otherwise 否则
still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地
in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……;和……不同
as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是
especially 特别地
(四)有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。
above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是
as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之
as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说
as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说;整个看来
at last 最后 therefore 因此
by and large 一般说来 thus 因此
briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说
by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之
eventually 最后surely 无疑
finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之
in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问
in conclusion 总之，最后undoubtedly 无疑
in short 简而言之 truly 的确
in a word 总之 so 所以
certainly 当然地;无疑地 obviously 显然
all in all 总之
二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。
(一)表示因果关系
as a result
He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.
as a result of
He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.
accordingly
He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.
because(of)
We are delayed because of a traffic jam.
due to
His success is due to his excellent work.
owing to
Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.
thanks to
Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.
now that
Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.
so long as
You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and again.
since
Since you are here now, you,d better give a hand.
in that
The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.
so that
The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.
therefore
There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.
(二)表示解释关系
as a matter of fact
I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.
as well
I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.
frankly speaking
Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.
in this case
In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.
(三)表示推理关系
or else
Hurry up, or else you,ll be late.
otherwise
You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.
if so
If so, it will make a great difference.
(四)表示递进关系
in addition
I need your help. In addition, I also need her support.
besides
First, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.
and moreover
The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin.
that is to say
The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.
in other words
I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this canteen.
equally important
You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.
what’s more
It is harmful to my health, and what,s more, it is no good to my work.
last but not least
Last but bot least, my thanks should go to every member of my class.
(五)表示比较关系
equally
As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.
in the same way
It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.
in contrast to
In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.
instead
If you don’t go, I,ll go instead.
on the contrary
You thought I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.
in contrast
It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it,s very cold at night.
while
We are happy in China, while most Africans live unhappily.
