1. have a look at = look at看
2. my mother’s ( father’s , parents’ ) birthday 我妈妈(父亲)的生日
3. his twelfth birthday 他的12生日
4. the fifth month of the year 一年的第五个月
5. birthday party 生日聚会
6. date of birth 出生日期
7. …years old ……岁
8. English speech contest 英语演讲比赛
9. school trip 郊游
10. volleyball ( basketball ) game排球(篮球)比赛
11. at your school 在你们学校
12. an Art Festival 艺术节
13. music festival 音乐节
14. go to a movie = see a movie 去看电影
15. an action movie 动作片
16. Chinese action movies *功夫片
17. learn about 了解
18. Chinese history *历史
19. on ( at ) weekends 在周末
20. a very successful thriller 一部很成功的恐怖电影
21. Beijing Opera 京剧
22. play chess 下象棋
23. play the guitar ( violin,, piano) 弹吉它(小提琴，钢琴)
24. play the trumpet ( drums ) 吹喇叭(打鼓)
25. play with … 与……玩耍
26. speak English (Chinese ) 讲英语(汉语)
27. join the swimming ( music, chess ) club 加入游泳(音乐，象棋)俱乐部
28. help… with … 在……帮助某人
29. help +某人+ ( to ) +动词原形 帮助某人做
30. a little 少许，少量
1. good morning ( afternoon, evening ) 早上(下午，晚上)好
2. thank you for = thanks for 因为……而感谢
3. first name 名
4. last name = family name 姓
5. telephone ( phone ) number 电话号码
6. an ID card 一张身份证
7. a school ID card 一张学生证
8. an orange orange 一个橙色的桔子
9. an alarm clock 一个闹钟
10. an interesting book 一本有趣的书
11. excuse me 请原谅，打扰了
12. call ( me ) at +号码 用……给某人打电话
13. in the lost and found case 在失物招领处
14. a set of keys 一串钥匙
15. my two cousins 我的两个表兄弟(姐妹)
16. a photo of my family = my family photo 我的`全家福
17. under the table 在桌子下
18. on the sofa ( bookcase , chair , dresser , bed ) 在沙发(书橱，椅子，床)上
19. in the drawer ( backpack ) 在抽屉(双肩背包)里
20. take ( these things ) to … 把(这些东西)带到……
21. bring ( some things ) to… 把(一些东西)带来
22. two math books两本数学书
23. play tennis ( volleyball, baseball, basketball ) 打网球(排球，棒球，篮球)
24. play soccer ( football ) 踢足球
25. play sports = do sports 进行体育运动
26. play com*r games 打游戏
27. a sports club ( many sports clubs ) 一个(许多)运动俱乐部)
28. sound good ( difficult, boring, relaxing ) 听上去不错(难，无聊，令人放松)
29. watch TV看电视
30. watch basketball game ( them ) on TV在电视上观看篮球赛(他们)
1. a great ( small ) sports collection一个大量的(小的)运动品收藏
2. every day 每天
3. French fries 薯条
4. have ( eat ) tomatoes ( strawberries ) 吃西红柿(草莓)
5. a running star 一个跑步明星
6. eat well 吃得好
7. play volleyball well 打排球打得好
8. lots of ( = much, a lot of ) healthy food 许多健康的食物
9. lots of ( = many, a lot of ) runners 许多跑步者
10. for breakfast ( lunch, dinner ) 就早餐(中餐，晚餐)而言
11. for dessert 就甜食而言
12. for girls ( boys ) 对女孩(男孩)来说
13. bags ( shoes ) for sports = sports bags ( shoes ) 运动包
14. have ( eat ) for breakfast ( lunch, dinner ) 吃早(中，晚)餐
15. this ( that ) yellow skirt 这(那)件黄色的短裙
16. these ( those ) blue pants ( shorts, socks, shoes 这些蓝色的长裤(短裤，短袜，鞋)
17. my long red ruler我的红色的长直尺
18. his big white bag 他的白色的大包
19. come and buy = come to buy 来卖
20. come and see = come to see 来看
21. come to ( our class ) 来到我们的班上
22. for yourself 亲自
23. great sale 大降价
24. ( 某物)be on sale for ( 钱) 某物正以价格销售
25. sell … for 以……价格销售
26. buy … for 以……价格买入
27. sell …to… 把……卖给
28. buy …from … 从……买入
29. T-shirts in red = red T-shirts 红色的T恤衫
30. at a very good price 以非常合理的价格(优惠价)
——初一必背英语短语归纳 (菁华3篇)
1. good morning ( afternoon, evening ) 早上(下午，晚上)好
2. thank you for = thanks for 因为……而感谢
3. first name 名
4. last name = family name 姓
5. telephone ( phone ) number 电话号码
6. an ID card 一张身份证
7. a school ID card 一张学生证
8. an orange orange 一个橙色的桔子
9. an alarm clock 一个闹钟
10. an interesting book 一本有趣的书
11. excuse me 请原谅，打扰了
12. call ( me ) at +号码 用……给某人打电话
13. in the lost and found case 在失物招领处
14. a set of keys 一串钥匙
15. my two cousins 我的两个表兄弟(姐妹)
16. a photo of my family = my family photo 我的`全家福
17. under the table 在桌子下
18. on the sofa ( bookcase , chair , dresser , bed ) 在沙发(书橱，椅子，床)上
19. in the drawer ( backpack ) 在抽屉(双肩背包)里
20. take ( these things ) to … 把(这些东西)带到……
21. bring ( some things ) to… 把(一些东西)带来
22. two math books两本数学书
23. play tennis ( volleyball, baseball, basketball ) 打网球(排球，棒球，篮球)
24. play soccer ( football ) 踢足球
25. play sports = do sports 进行体育运动
26. play com*r games 打游戏
27. a sports club ( many sports clubs ) 一个(许多)运动俱乐部)
28. sound good ( difficult, boring, relaxing ) 听上去不错(难，无聊，令人放松)
29. watch TV看电视
30. watch basketball game ( them ) on TV在电视上观看篮球赛(他们)
1. have a look at = look at看
2. my mother’s ( father’s , parents’ ) birthday 我妈妈(父亲)的生日
3. his twelfth birthday 他的12生日
4. the fifth month of the year 一年的第五个月
5. birthday party 生日聚会
6. date of birth 出生日期
7. …years old ……岁
8. English speech contest 英语演讲比赛
9. school trip 郊游
10. volleyball ( basketball ) game排球(篮球)比赛
11. at your school 在你们学校
12. an Art Festival 艺术节
13. music festival 音乐节
14. go to a movie = see a movie 去看电影
15. an action movie 动作片
16. Chinese action movies *功夫片
17. learn about 了解
18. Chinese history *历史
19. on ( at ) weekends 在周末
20. a very successful thriller 一部很成功的恐怖电影
21. Beijing Opera 京剧
22. play chess 下象棋
23. play the guitar ( violin,, piano) 弹吉它(小提琴，钢琴)
24. play the trumpet ( drums ) 吹喇叭(打鼓)
25. play with … 与……玩耍
26. speak English (Chinese ) 讲英语(汉语)
27. join the swimming ( music, chess ) club 加入游泳(音乐，象棋)俱乐部
28. help… with … 在……帮助某人
29. help +某人+ ( to ) +动词原形 帮助某人做
30. a little 少许，少量
1. good morning ( afternoon, evening ) 早上(下午，晚上)好
2. thank you for = thanks for 因为……而感谢
3. first name 名
4. last name = family name 姓
5. telephone ( phone ) number 电话号码
6. an ID card 一张身份证
7. a school ID card 一张学生证
8. an orange orange 一个橙色的桔子
9. an alarm clock 一个闹钟
10. an interesting book 一本有趣的书
11. excuse me 请原谅，打扰了
12. call ( me ) at +号码 用……给某人打电话
13. in the lost and found case 在失物招领处
14. a set of keys 一串钥匙
15. my two cousins 我的两个表兄弟(姐妹)
16. a photo of my family = my family photo 我的`全家福
17. under the table 在桌子下
18. on the sofa ( bookcase , chair , dresser , bed ) 在沙发(书橱，椅子，床)上
19. in the drawer ( backpack ) 在抽屉(双肩背包)里
20. take ( these things ) to … 把(这些东西)带到……
21. bring ( some things ) to… 把(一些东西)带来
22. two math books两本数学书
23. play tennis ( volleyball, baseball, basketball ) 打网球(排球，棒球，篮球)
24. play soccer ( football ) 踢足球
25. play sports = do sports 进行体育运动
26. play com*r games 打游戏
27. a sports club ( many sports clubs ) 一个(许多)运动俱乐部)
28. sound good ( difficult, boring, relaxing ) 听上去不错(难，无聊，令人放松)
29. watch TV看电视
30. watch basketball game ( them ) on TV在电视上观看篮球赛(他们)
——中学生英语作文「必背」 (菁华3篇)
Which is more important, wealth or health? Different people have different opinions.
Some people prefer wealth, holding that money can not bring everything, but without it, one can do nothing. In order to get more money they can do anything. However, other people regard health as more important. Once health is lost, it is no use having a lot of money.
As far as I am concerned, I love wealth, but I value health more. Everybody wants to live a happy life. So they try their best to earn money which they can ensure they lead a comfortable life, but if happiness and comfort are achieved at the cost of their health, how can they be happy Without health money becomes meaningless.
In my opinion, no one agrees that a wealthy person without good health can be happy. So, just do our best and keep fit.
English is always my favorite subject and I am good at English. I would like to share 4 good studying habits with you.
First, remember 20 new words, and never give up. Second, go over grammar points I have learnt in English class regularly. Third, read an English article in China Daily every day. Fourth, write an English composition every week and ask teacher to revise that for me to improve the writing level.
If you do things above, I am sure your English will also be improved.
There are seven people in my family. They're my grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, my two younger brothers and I. My father is a businessman. He's busy working everyday. My mother is a housewife. She cooks meals, washes clothes, and teaches us lessons everyday. One of my younger brothers is a junior high school student, and we go to the same school. My grandparents help my parents look after the youngest brother every day. We go to the movies every Sunday. How's your family?
——公共英语三级考前必背作文 (菁华3篇)
内容：
1. 表明祝贺原因
2. 对对方的品质，能力，或成就给予充分的肯定和赞扬
3. 表示祝愿
表示对对方未来的生活，事业，学业的美好祝愿，再次祝贺
开头：
1.I would like to sincerely congratulate you on your recent graduation from …(school) with your MBA(学位)
2.I hasten to tender you a word of congratulations on this splendid success.
3.I have received the invitation to your wedding， and as I cannot be present at that happy event， I write to offer my congratulations in person
4.I am heartily glad you are going to be married， and congratulate you upon the wisdom of your choice.
5.Congratulations most heartily upon the fulfillment of your hopes in a birth of a son.
正文：
1. I have noticed that you are bright and have a quick mind for business
2. I have always appreciated your never-failing professionalism
3. We are so proud of your diligence and skill.
Writing
According to some surveys done by the Ministry of Education, there are about 153 million illiterates and semi-illiterates in China. Its illiteracy rate in the western region is much higher than the countrys average level and it is as high as 40 percent. The rate for the countrys whole population stands at 14 percent. Write an essay of about 120 words, stating your opinion about this issue now confronting China.
「参考范文」
The task of educating a huge population can be challenging to any country. Though China has shown great concern and done much in education, and in eliminating illiteracy, it still has 153 million illiterate and semi-illiterate citizens, according to some statistics issued by the Ministry of Education. So, in my opinion, raising Chinas education level, to a large extent, depends on greater educational achievement in its vast western region and some other backward areas.
In the past decade, China has moved to combat illiteracy and promote nine years of compulsory schooling, especially in poor areas and areas inhabited by minorities, and has achieved a great success, but it seems a difficult task in regions where educational opportunities are limited. However, we should set a target that, by 2010, nine-year compulsory schooling should be realized and the illiteracy rate among young and middle-aged *s should be reduced to the minimum. Only in this way can China raise its national educational level.
Writing
An article in a newspaper once said: "As China strives to develop its western area, some effective measures should be taken to improve forestry in the region." Write an essay of about 120 words, stating what effective measures should be adopted to improve forestry in the western area.
「参考范文」
Over the past 10 years, China has made much headway in its afforestation and soil conservation. For instance, the national forest acreage has increased by 13.7 million hectares since the fourth national survey on forest resources in 1990. Despite these great achievements, some serious problems still remain to be solved such as how to improve forestry in the western area in the course of its economic development.
Forestry build-up in the west is a long-term task. In order to have this goal materialized, I think some concrete and effective measures should be taken immediately. For example, to protect the natural environment of the west, some previously cultivated areas should be returned to forest and grassland. In the course of improving forestry, some strict laws should made and their enforcement must be guaranteed. Those who violate forest protection laws must be severely punished. Only by taking these effective measures can forestry in the western area be improved.
——中学生英语作文「必背」 (菁华3篇)
I have a dream from the first time I sit in a car—I want to drive. Driving is the most meaningful way to meet human being’s desire of “faster”. What’s more, driving a car can take me to any place I want whether it rains, snows, blows or not. A smooth ride in a good car is enjoyable. With rows of trees moving backward rapidly, music played, breeze blowing, my soul flies in the air. I love this feeling very much
Spring festival is the most important festival for Chinese people. Many people will prepare many things for the spring festival. Now this is my plan for the spring festival. The first, I will visit my friends and my relatives. The second, I will make a big snow man with my daughter and my wife. The third, I will stay with my parents, because I have no more time to stay with them at peacetime. This is my plan for the spring festival. I hope all of you have a good time in the spring festival.
I have many hobbies, such as sports, singing, playing the violin and keeping a diary.
I like sports very much. I go running at five o'clock in the morning. After classes in the afternoon, I play table-tennis with my friends. These sports have kept me healthy.
At home, I like to sing and play the violin. I practice singing and playing the violin every day. Busy as I am, I am quite happy.
Of all my hobbies I like reading books best. In my bedroom there are nearly six hundred books. There are story books, textbooks, magazines, and others. All these books have enriched my knowledge.
——必背高考英语作文 (菁华5篇)
As the developing of Chinese economy,the problem of protecting environment is being more and more important.It is a crucial responsibility for us.If we let this situation go as it is,it would be almost not a health earth for our offspring.It sounds an alarm to us that we should execute the steps of protecting environment quickly.Recently,a large number of problems appeared obviously,the security of food,the acid rain,the lack of water,the worse weather,all of all,it is the problem of environment in the final ***ysis.The development of society should be the basic of protecting environment,we ought to protect environment by newer technology.Meanwhile,the protecting environment should play an important role in the development of society.Accordingly,I argue that we should protect environment in two aspects.On the one hand,the related laws should be established by government.On the other hand,the consciousness of protecting environment ought to be publicized in public.
The Person Who Has Influenced Me Most
My mother is the person who has influenced memost.
She is in her forties. She always listens tomy problems patiently. And she advises me how to solve them. As a doctor, sheoften says she can’t be too careful. She oftenworks extra hours. She has devoted most of her time to her work. So I think sheis not only a good mother but also a good doctor.
I hope I can be a person like her. I also hopeshe will pay more attention to her own health. She’d better have more time to relax herself.
Dear XXX
As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important, so
mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to
learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. I really hope that you
can give me good advice on how to memorize new words. Another suggestion is to give us more
chances to practice speaking. I believe we can make much progress in English with your help.
Thank you!
From where I stand ， I am not in favor of encouraging kids with cash just because they have got good marks 。
My parents used to encourage me like this。 Whenever I made progress in studies ， they bought me my favorite books ，which not only motivated me to learn ，but also helped me get along well with my studies。
To get kids motivated to learn ， I think we should not treat every child in the same way。 To some students ， oral praise is essential 。 Don’t save the praise for only the top score。 If possible， involved other *s in praising them 。 However， this method may not work well with other kids。 Maybe what is more important to them is to water a movie or go on a trip together with their parents 。 It just depends。
Dear Tom，
Learning that you have a strong fancy for the shared—bikes，I am glad to tell you some relevant information about it.
Currently，the bike—sharing program is popular among people ranging from the old and the young，as a result of whichsuch a bike can be seen here and there.
The shared—bikes come into being for the reason that it solves the last kilometer problem efficiently and makes contribution to reducing air pollution.
Sobeneficial is the shared-bike thatwe ought to have a try. I sincerely invite you to ride the shared-bikes with me this weekend. Looking forward to your early re*.
Yours,
Li Hua
——必背高考英语作文 (菁华6篇)
Should tourists take photos with animals?
Koalas in wildlife parks can‘t fall asleep because tourists keep disturbing them. The movement is thinking to make the tourists’ behaviour illegal to protect the animals.
When people are visiting wildlife parks， they like to take photographs with animals. Reasons for this are varied. Some people may think taking photos with animals are funny in contrast with taking photos with other persons. Others may think that it will be an interesting experience to take photos with animals during their visit.
If I were an animal in the wildlife park， I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me. My life would be greatly influenced and I wouldn‘t feel happy at all! I think I should have some private space and time to relax myself.
However， I don‘t agree if it is announced illegal to take photos with animals. Tourists pay for tickets to visit the wildlife park and it will be a pity for them if they can’t have a photo with an animal. Perhaps wildlife parks can set some special time， during which tourists can take photos with animals. It can both satisfy tourists and protect the animals.
Walk for children in poor areas
Not long ago, our school organized a charitywalk to raise money for children in poor areas.
It was on Saturday, 23 rd October. We walkedfrom the school to the centre of the city. Before the walk, we groupedourselves into a team of four and planned everything well. It was a hard(tough) work. But during the walk, we supported and helped each other. With thehelp of many people, we raised over (more than) 50,000 yuan in the end.
We all felt tired, but we were very happy.Because it was a meaningful experience and it was an excellent chance to learnteam spirit.
The Hero in My Heart
As we know， most peoplehave heroes in their hearts. For me, Dr Norman Bethune is the hero in my heart.He was a great doctor from Canada.
Dr Bethune was good at performing operations.And taking photos was his hobby. In 1938， he came toChina. He opened hospitals and invented medical tools. He worked so hard thathe saved thousands of Chinese people. He didn’t stop totake care of his own injured hand and died.
I am dee* moved by his stories. So I’ll work hard today and do my best to helpothers.
The Person Who Has Influenced Me Most
My mother is the person who has influenced memost.
She is in her forties. She always listens tomy problems patiently. And she advises me how to solve them. As a doctor, sheoften says she can’t be too careful. She oftenworks extra hours. She has devoted most of her time to her work. So I think sheis not only a good mother but also a good doctor.
I hope I can be a person like her. I also hopeshe will pay more attention to her own health. She’d better have more time to relax herself.
Dear World
Child Foundation organizers，
My name is Jerry Lu, a student currently studying at Shanghai High school. I am writing, on behalf of my classmates, to ap* for the 2000 yuans worth of fund in a bid to initiate a program aimed at helping those students who are financially disadvantaged.
Being raised in families that don’t have to worry about putting food on the table need not mean oblivion to our less fortunate peers. On this account, we would appreciate it if you could sponsor our poverty-relief endeavor. The following is how we would go about using the money. We would spend 1500 yuan purchasing some stationery for the needy students in a poverty-stricken area. It is worth noting that we would inform them to pick up the school supplies themselves instead of us “doling out” the supplies so that we wouldn’t end up embarrassing those who we want to help. The remainder of the fund would be used to invite a motivational speaker who was to talk about how to lift oneself out of poverty by making right academic and professional decisions.
At the end of the day, our efforts might only trigger a ripple in the lives of some young people, but who knows what butterfly effects these young minds may have on tomorrows world?
We would be much obliged if you could re* at your earliest convenience.
Yours Sincerely,
Jerry Lu
Dear sir,
Last year I bought a refrigerator in your store on Chang An road. We all like the shape and colour of the refrigerator. But recently I find something is wrong with it. It begins to make noise when it is turned on. At first it is low but gradually it becomes louder and louder. To make the matter worse, it even stops working sometimes. We all feel disappointed with. I am writing to you to ask for help. Would you please send somebody to repair it. I will be at home this weekend. Please call me before you come. My telephone number is 6606.5531. Thank you very much.
Customer
Li Ming
——地理高考必背知识点归纳 (菁华3篇)
(一)农业
1.主要农产品及分布
(1)粮食作物：冬小麦(华北，why?)春小麦(东北，why?)水稻(长白山地灌溉地区和黑龙江沿岸，why?)。
(2)油料作物：花生(华北);(3)糖料作物：甜菜(东北，why?)。
(4)经济作物：棉花(华北)谷子(黄土高原)大豆(东北、华北)高粱(东北、黄土高原)等。(5)纤维作物：亚麻(东北)。
(6)水果：苹果、葡萄和梨(华北和辽宁)桃、杏和柿(东北)等;
(7)畜牧业：山地放牧业和家禽圈养(8)水产业：海水养殖和海洋捕捞。
2.耕作方式和熟制：旱地农业为主;华北(两年三熟或一年两熟)东北(一年一熟)。
3.在全国农业的地位：东北*原是我国的商品粮基地和林业基地，农业机械化程度高;黄河中下游地区是我国的棉麦产区;黄泛区是全国水果带。
4.农业生产条件(提示：运用农业区位理论和北方地区概况，理解分析)。
A.有利条件：①以温带季风气候为主，夏季气温高，降水多，雨热同期，水热配合条件好。②*原广阔，土层深厚。东北地区，黑土肥沃，人均耕地多，宜农荒地多。③黄河中下游地区农业生产历史悠久。
B.不利条件：①东北地区，热量不足，生长期短，受寒潮影响大;西部受风沙影响大。②黄河中下游地区春旱、夏涝突出;水土流失和盐碱化严重。
思考：试评价东北*原、华北*原和黄土高原地区农业生产条件有哪些?
(二)工业
1.工业带(区)：环渤海工业带，其包括：辽中南和京津唐工业区;陇海-兰新线工业带。
2.工业特点：工业基础好，重工业突出。
3.工业发展中存在问题及解决措施
(1)存在问题：①高科技产业发展不足;②生产技术落后;③环境污染严重;④工业产品类型单一;⑤淡水资源不足。
(2)解决措施：①积极发展高科技产业;②加强技术改造;③防治污染，保护生态环境;④增加产品类型;⑤节约用水，保护水资源。
4.工业发展条件：①农业基础好;②铁路网最稠密，交通便利;③矿产资源、水能资源、森林资源丰富。
(三)风俗*惯、民居和民族
1.人民主食：面食(东北，华北：盛产小麦，以面食为主;黄土高原：则以小米为主);
2.传统民居特点：东北地区注意防寒保温;黄土高原特色民居窑洞;
3.民族：汉族占绝大多数;人数较多的少数民族有：东北的满族、朝*;宁夏、甘肃的*等。
(四)交通：铁路、公路网稠密(注意：查地图册，熟记华北和东北地区的主要铁路线)。
(五)主要城市：北京、哈尔滨、长春、沈阳、大连、石家庄、太原、西安等
(六)生态环境
1.东北地区：黑土流失和沼泽地(湿地)破坏。(提示：要总结其成因及解决措施。)
2.华北*原：易受旱涝、盐碱、风沙威胁。(注意：分析其出现季节、成因及解决措施。)
3.黄土高原：水土流失严重。(注意：分析其成因及其解决措施;特别是小流域综合治理的措施。)
人类对宇宙的认识过程天圆地方说、地圆说、地心说、日心说、大爆炸宇宙学说。
宇宙的基本特点由各种形态的物质构成，在不断运动和发展变化。
天体的分类星云、恒星、行星、卫星、彗星、流星体、星际物质。
天体系统的成因天体之间因相互吸引和相互绕转，形成天体系统。
天体系统的级别地月系-太阳系-银河系(河外星系)-总星系。
日地*均距离1.496亿千米。
太阳系八大行星的位置水金地火(小)、木土天海。
八大行星按结构特征分类类地行星(水金地火)巨行星(木土)远日行星(天海)。
地球上生物出现和进化的原因光照条件、稳定的宇宙环境、适宜的大气温度、液态水。
太阳的主要成分氢和氦
太阳辐射能量的来源核聚变反应
太阳辐射对地球和人类的影响维持地表温度，水循环、大气运动等的动力，人类的主要能源。
太阳活动黑子(标志)、耀斑(最激烈)。
我国太阳能的分布青藏高原()、四川盆地(最低)。
太阳外部结构及其相应的太阳活动光球(黑子)、色球(耀斑)、日冕(太阳风)。
太阳黑子的变化周期11年。
太阳活动对地球的影响①影响气候②影响短波通讯③产生磁暴现象
月相新月、蛾眉月、上弦月、满月、下弦月、残月
月相变化规律上上西西(上弦月)，下下东东(下弦月)
星期的由来朔望两弦四相。
空间探索阶段的开始1957年10月，原苏联第一颗人造地球卫星上天。
空间开发阶段的开始1981年第一架航天飞机试航成功。
①人地关系思想的历史发展：
人地关系思想的发展经历了四个阶段：崇拜自然、改造自然、征服自然、谋求人地协调。
②可持续发展的概念和原则：
可持续发展：它既满足其当代人的需求，而又不损害后代人满足其需求的能力。它的内涵概括为：生态持续发展(基础)、经济持续发展(条件)、社会持续发展(目的)。实现可持续发展，需要遵循的三个基本原则：公*性、持续性、共同性。
③*的可持续发展道路：
1994年3月，*发布了《*21世纪议程---*21世纪人口、环境与发展》提出了*实施可持续发展的总体战略、对策以及行动方案。这是全球第一部的《21世纪议程》。
*的环境问题：庞大的人口压力(我国以占世界约7%的耕地、3.4%的GDP供养21%的人口);资源短缺(缺水问题突出);深刻的环境危机(以城市为中心的环境污染仍在发展，并迅速向农村蔓延;以水土流失、荒漠化、森林和草地资源减少、生物多样性减少为特征的生态破坏的范围仍在扩大，程度在加剧。)
*可持续发展的农业生产模式---生态农业，所采取的主要措施：调整产业机构，开展综合利用，广开源流，开发利用新能源。
