(5a)I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
(5b)I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
(6a)That singer‘s life was tragic and brief.
(6b)That singer‘s life was brief and tragic.
(7)Tony ate his dinner，watched TV，and then went to bed.
(8)Were you bored with years of study in elementary school，high school and institute of higher education?
(9)Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty，he likes their delicacy，he likes their vivacity，and he likes their silence.
(10)……the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf;nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.
——中考英语作文：突出句子重点 (菁华3篇)
(5a)I was delighted and amused by the classical opera
(5b)I was amused and delighted by the classical opera.
(6a)That singer‘s life was tragic and brief.
(6b)That singer‘s life was brief and tragic.
(9)Jackie enjoys the company of ladies. He likes their beauty，he likes their delicacy，he likes their vivacity，and he likes their silence.
(10)……the land stretched out without names. Nameless headlands split the surf;nameless lakes reflected the nameless mountains and nameless rivers flowed through nameless valleys and nameless bays.
(11a)A pedestrian was struck on the head by a flying stone.
(11b)A flying stone struck a pedestrian on the head.
——中考数学复*重点 (菁华3篇)
中考临*，考生在复*时数学如何才能抓住要点？数学复*应该重点抓好数字式、方程(组)
与不等式(组)、函数及其图像、统计与概率、几何的基本概念与三角形、四边形、相似图形、特直角三角形、圆及视图与投影等10大模块。同时，于忠翠老师强调，考生应该以轻松自信的心态应对中考，发挥出自己的真实水*。
数字式以中、低档题居多
“这一板块主要包括实数、整式、因式分解、分式及二次根式等内容，中考中多以填空选择的客观题形式出现，淡化了计算难度，主要以中、低档次的题居多。”于忠翠说，随着课改的深入，这一板块的考察形式将会多样化，一些以实际生活题材为背景、结合当今社会热点的问题将会占据主流，*似数、有效数字、科学论证法、绝对值、因式分解、规律探究及阅读理解题成为*几年的热点题型。
方程与不等式难度不大、函数突出开放性
单纯求解方程的不等式问题多以填空、选择的题型出现，一般难度不大。对于应用方程(组)与不等式(组)解决实际问题，特别是与生产生活相联系的方案设计、决策应用等问题应是中考重点，尤其是方程与函数知识、几何知识的综合运用及不等式的实际运用问题是热点问题。
“函数题越来越突出开放性，单纯求函数解析式的题型越来越少，函数中的一些动点问题，尤其是设计新颖、贴*生产生活的函数最值问题、一些开放性探索题及图表信息题将会成为中考热点问题。”于忠翠说。
统计概率以图表信息题为主
统计与概率在中考试卷中所占分数一般在10分左右，这一板块在考察基础知识和基本技能的同时，多以图表信息题为主，考察学生利用图表的信息及所求概率的大小，解决现实生活中的问题。
对于几何与三角形，于忠翠表示，这一板块主要考察结合图形探索规律，特殊三角形在实际生活中的应用及利用旋转、轴对称等知识解决实际问题，淡化了传统的推理论证题。
另外，四边形的考察题型较多，选择、填空、证明推理、探求规律及图形设计等有可能出现，和四边形有关的开放性问题、探究问题、两个图形在*移及旋转过程中的面积重叠问题及结合函数求最值问题等将会成为今后命题方向。
和圆有关的论证题将不再出现
市初四数学研讨会明确指出，有关圆的推理论证题将不会再出现，于忠翠表示，这大大降低了这一板块的应考难度，考生应该重点复*一些综合题，比如，圆与函数及其它几何图形结合在一起的问题，在运动过程中探究问题的题型越来越成为考察的重点。另外，弧长、扇形的面积、圆锥的侧面积、最值问题、方案设计及阴影问题也要引起重视。
“由于三角函数是在直角三角形中利用边角建立联系的又一种模型，因此不少考题均涉及渗透该部分内容，考生应该重点复*。”于忠翠说，这部分知识主要用来解决实际问题，例如，航海、修路、测量、台风、噪音影响等方面。
第二阶段主要为专题复*。如果说第一阶段是以纵向为主，按知识点顺序复*的话，那么第二阶段就是以横向为主，突出重点，抓住热点，深化提高。这种复*是打破章节界限，绝不是第一轮复*的压缩，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。其主要目标是：完成各部分知识的梳理、归纳、糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。在这轮复*中，应防止把第一轮复*机械重复;防止单纯的就题论题，应以题论法;防止过多搞难题等。
如果说第一阶段是总复*的基础，是重点，侧重双基训练，那么第二阶段就是第一阶段复*的延伸和提高，应侧重培养学生的数学能力。第二轮复*的`时间相对集中，在一轮复*的基础上，进行拔高，适当增加难度;第二轮复*重点突出，主要集中在热点、难点、重点内容上，特别是重点;注意数学思想的形成和数学方法的掌握，这就需要充分发挥教师的主导作用。 可进行专题复*，如“方程型综合问题”、“应用性的函数题”、“不等式应用题”、“统计类的应用题”、“几何综合问题”，、“探索性应用题”、“开放题”、“阅读理解题”、“方案设计”、“动手操作”等问题以便学生熟悉、适应这类题型。
专题复*，就是从某一重要的数学知识、技能或数学方法加以展开，纵向深入，对知识和技能的内在联系及数学思想和方法进行较为深入的剖析，围绕某些典型的问题对学生进行集中训练。
① 计算和解方程
②方程思想与函数思想及其应用
③函数方程综合
④几何中有关变换
⑤解直角三角形与圆中有关计算
⑥数形结合问题
⑦实际问题
⑧概率与统计的问题
从题型去划分，可分为：
①应用题;
②实验操作;
③探索规律;
④方案设计;
⑤运动型题;
⑥阅读题;
⑦开放探究题;
⑧图表信息题;
⑨猜想验证型题。(注意：专题练*一定要注意找出题目的共性和规律性)。
20xx届初三的硝烟还未散去，新一届初三的号角又已吹响。每一名同学都希望在初三有一个良好的开端，因此怎样利用暑假的时间学*数学以及学*哪些内容就成了一个重要的问题。
从学*时间上说，同学们在休息之余一定要坚持每天拿出一定的时间进行学*，每天用来学*数学的时间不一定很长，大约在一小时左右即可，关键在于每天这一个小时的时间一定要能够保证，数学的学*切忌一曝十寒，要知道每天学*一小时数学，连续学*4天，与一天之内连续看4个小时的数学，然后后面3天完全不学*的效果是完全不一样的。在保证学*时间的同时，大家也要讲究学*效率，在学*的过程中千万不要心浮气躁，同学们要保证每天一个小时的学*是全神贯注的。
其次再来说说学*哪些内容：
第一、重视课本知识：
任何科目的学*都万变不离其宗，数学也不例外，数学里面的这个“宗”，就是课本，因为所有的学*知识都来源于课本，考试的内容有些高于课本，但是基础知识点还是不会变化的，考试的试题就是课本知识的衍生物，要一点一点去挖掘试题背后的东西，找到其中要考试的重点是哪部分。所以课本还是不能丢的，不能一味地去做一些试题而忽略了课本这个根本。尤其是在学*新知识的时候，必须要保证将课本的知识点和例题弄明白，书后的每个练*都要认真地做一遍，这样才能说我们基本掌握了这一部分知识。
在暑假相信很多同学都会对将要学*的知识进行预*。有很多同学在对数学进行预*的时候有一个误区，就是认为我把书看了就是预*了，我觉得只有在看书的基础之上能够将课本上每节的配套练*解决才算真正的预*，因为数学知识的掌握情况最终还是得体现在解题中。
第二、要学会正确地纠错：
在学*数学的过程中，每个人都会犯错，出现错误是正常的，并不可怕，可怕的是很多同学一错再错，这里面就涉及正确纠错的问题。暑假的时间相对充裕，正是我们纠错的好时机。但是数学的改错绝对不是简单地用红笔把得数改正就可以的。正确的纠错应该是首先搞清楚自己到底错在哪里，是自己对题目的分析有问题还是运算过程中出现了错误，其次大家要把自己的错误记在心里，时时强化自己的记忆，纠正头脑中的错误观念。如果条件允许，家长能够把孩子每天犯的错误单独抄在一个本上定期让孩子再重新做一遍，会收到更好的效果。
第三、做好总结：
学*之后的总结是学*的一个重要环节，进行总结是对知识进行升华的过程。很多同学也知道要进行总结，但是需要总结什么很多人并不清楚，在这里建议同学们利用暑假时间总结以下几点：
1、总结旧知的知识结构。
数学每一章都有一个知识体系，大家应该把这个知识体系总结出来并利用这个知识体系，记忆和掌握数学的各种定理和知识点。
2、总结自己一些容易出现错误的点。
大家可以重新回忆自己出现过的错误，看看哪些地方是自己反复出现问题的点，往往反复出现问题的点就是自己的学*漏洞，如果运算有问题就强化运算能力，如果是知识有漏洞就把知识再回顾一遍，并适当地配合着知识做一些练*。
3、要想取得良好的学*成绩，持之以恒与良好的学*方法缺一不可，数学也不例外。大家也可以利用暑假总结一些适合自己的学*方法。
——中考的英语作文 (菁华3篇)
1.内容完整，语句流畅，无语法错误，书写规范，给9-10分；
2.内容较完整，语句较流畅，基本无语法错误，书写较规范，给6-8分；
3.内容不完整，语句欠流畅，语法错误较多，书写较规范，给3-5分；
4.只写出个别要点，语法错误较多，书写欠规范，只有个别句子可读或不知所云，给0-2分。
从个评分标准来看，它对考生的作文要求有四点：
1、内容要完整。
2、语句流畅。
3、没有语法错误。
4、书写规范。能达到上述要求的作文，都会得到相应的高分。
所以，在写作文的时候，大家要牢记这些要求。
要做到内容完整，我们首先要认清看好题目的要求，抓住要点，注意文体。我们可以在写作之前好好构思一下，自己将从几个方面来写。是否能将所有内容都包含在内。在写完之后，再检查一遍。看看有没有内容的缺失。
要做到语句的流畅，这就要求有扎实的英语基本功。在*时的`积累上，注意一些语义的表达方法。要尽量使用自己能够正确运用的语句和表达方式。注意句子之间的连贯性。这不仅仅指从语法上，也指句意上的连贯。
在初中阶段，考生应注意语法点有：动词单三形式，时态（包括：现在进行时，一般过去时，将来时），定语从句（此项语法建议考生尽量不要使用），语态，单复数，主谓一致，冠词等还有一些表达方式。比如，我非常喜欢足球。考生经常会写成I very like football.这样的错误一定要避免。
About David Beckham David Beckham is the only football player I can recognize. It is said that he is famous for his great skills of playing soccer and also his handsome outlook. I first know him from my big brother who is a crazy fan. In his bedroom one of wall is covered with Beckham’s pictures. And my deskmate is a crazy fan of Beckham but she pay more attention to the gossip and news about this famous football player. Considering these people, who like David, around me, so it is too hard to know him.
Learn to be Tolerant When I am making mistakes, my parents will never be angry with me. I am so thankful to them for they are so tolerant with me. I learn many things from my parents, they show me how to be a tolerant person. They will not blame me for the small mistake that I make, instead, they will educate me in the gentle way. Unlike some parents who are strict to their kids, they will be very angry and said the hurting words, making the children feel sad. Being tolerant to other people’s mistakes is the best way to solve the problem. People will appreciate the kind act and make things goes on the easy way.
——中考英语万能句子 (菁华3篇)
1.不用说……
It goes without saying that …
= (It is) needless to say (that) ….
= It is obvious that ….
例：It goes without saying that it pays off to keep early hours.
不用说早睡早起是值得的。
2.在各种……之中，……
Among various kinds of …, … /= Of all the …, …
例︰Among various kinds of sports, I like jogging in particular.
在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。
3.就我的'看法……;我认为……
In my opinion, …
= To my mind, ….
= As far as I am concerned, …
= I am of the opinion that ….
例：In my opinion, playing video games not only takes much time but is also harmful to health.
在我看来，玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
4.随着人口的增加…… With the increase/growth of the population, …
随着科技的进步…… With the advance of science and technology, …
例：With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.
随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了。
5. ……是必要的It is necessary (for sb.) to do/that…
……是重要的It is important/essential (for sb.) to do / that…
……是适当的It is proper (for sb.) to do / that…
……是紧急的It is urgent (for sb.) to do / that…
例：It is proper for us to keep the public places clean.
=It is proper that we (should) keep the public places clean.
我们应当保持公共场所清洁。
6.花费spend … on sth. / doing sth. …
例：We shouldn’t spend too much time on something we aren’t interested in.
我们不应该在我们不感兴趣的事情上花太多的时间。
7. how引导的感叹句
例：At least it will prove how honest you are.
那至少可以证明你很诚实。
8.状语从句
⑴如果你不…，你就会… If you don’t ..., you’ll ...
例︰If you don’t keep working hard, you’ll lose the chance.
如果你不坚持努力工作，你就会失去这次机会。
⑵如此……，以至于…… so … that …
例：At that moment, I was so upset that I wanted to give up.
当时，我非常伤心，最后都想放弃了。
⑶每当我听到……我就忍不住感到兴奋。Whenever I hear …, I cannot but feel excited.
每当我做……我就忍不住感到悲伤。 Whenever I do …, I cannot but feel sad.
每当我想到……我就忍不住感到紧张。Whenever I think of …, I cannot but feel nervous.
每当我遭遇……我就忍不住感到害怕。Whenever I meet with …, I cannot but feel frightened.
每当我看到……我就忍不住感到惊讶。Whenever I see …, I cannot but feel surprised.
例：Whenever I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot but feel sad.
= Every time I think of the clean brook near my home, I cannot help feeling sad.
每当我想到我家附*那一条清澈的小溪我就忍不住感到悲伤。
9.宾语从句
我认为，…… /我认为……不...... I think / I don’t think that …
我想知道是否…… I wonder whether …
例：He doesn’t think I should stop him joining the club.
他认为我不应该阻止他参加这个俱乐部。
10. Since + S +过去式, S +现在完成式
例：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自从他上高中，他就一直很用功。
What a + Adj + N + S + V! = How + Adj + a + N + V!
多么……!
例句
What an important thing it is to keep our promise! = How important a thing is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的'事!
1. It is very important to keep healthy.
2. How can we keep healthy?
3. We can't go to sleep too late. We can't get up too late.
4. We should eat the food healthily.
5. We should do more exercise.
6. Last Tuesday I got a cold and had a pain in my head.
7. I didn't feel like eating anything.
8. I decided to see the doctor.
9. In the doctor's office, the doctor looks over me carefully.
10. He said :"Nothing serious." And he told me to take a rest and drink more water.
11. A nurse gave me an injection. It was a little painful.
12. The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.
13. A few days later, I felt better. From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world.
——中考英语作文常用谚语 (菁华3篇)
1.Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
2. No pains, no gains.
没有付出就没有收获。
3. Constant dripping wears away a stone.
水滴石穿，绳锯木断。
4. Care and diligence bring luck.
谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。
5. Genius is nothing but labor anddiligence.
天才不过是勤奋而已。
6. Great hopes make great man.
伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。
7. Industry is the parent of success.
勤奋是成功之母。
8. No rose without a thorn.
没有不带刺的'玫瑰。
9. There is no royal road to learning.
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。
10. No way is impossible to courage.
勇者无惧。
11. Success belongs to the persevering.
坚持就是胜利。
12. The finest diamond must be cut.
玉不琢，不成器。
13. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich.
逆境出人才。
36. Honesty is the best policy.
诚实不欺为上策。
37. Respect yourself, or no one else willrespect you.
要人尊敬，必须自重。
38. Patience is the best remedy.
忍耐是良药。
39. One good turn deserves another.
行善积德。
40. He knows most who speaks least.
大智若愚。
41. A still tongue makes a wise head.
寡言者智。
42. A candle lights others and consumesitself.
蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。
43. He is not fit to command others thatcannot command himself.
正人须先正己。
44. Pride goes before, and shame comesafter.
骄傲使人落后。
45. Please the eye and plague the heart.
贪图一时快活，必然留下隐祸。
46. Penny wise, pound foolish.
贪小便宜吃大亏。
47. He who makes constant complaint getslittle compassion.
经常诉苦，没人同情。
48. Do as you would be done by.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
57. Birds of a feather flock together.
物以类聚，人以群分。
58. A man is known by his friends.
什么人交什么朋友。
59. Keep good men company and you shall beof the number.
*朱者赤，*墨者黑。
60. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真情。
61. A friend is easier lost than found.
得朋友难，失朋友易。
62. A faithful friend is hard to find.
知音难觅。
63. A friend is never known till a man hasneed.
需要之时方知友。
64. Misfortune tests the sincerity offriends.
患难见真情。
——中考英语的作文 (菁华3篇)
Dear John,
I'm glad to hear from you. Now let me tell you something about our city. Nantong is trying to set up a national civilized city. We middle school students are also doing some things for it. We are all polite to our teachers. (In class, we listen careful to them./When we meet them, we always say hello to them./…)We also respect the old. For example, we help them cross the streets.
We are always ready to help each other.(When one has difficulty with his studies, others will help him at once./...)We often show our love to those in trouble. Last month, the students of my class donated money to the earthquake-hit areas.
Besides, we plant trees to protect the environment and make our city more beautiful.
Nantong is my hometown. I will do my best to turn Nantong into a civilized city.
Zhang Tong
初三中考在即。师生的复*应该进入一个非常专题化的时期。如何写好一篇60字的作文，争取18分的最大值，显然已经引起了师生极大的重视。原因很明显，本年度是中考有史以来作文分值最高的一年，要求也是最高、最细的一年，所以分差增大，原来最多不差三四分的作文，弄不好很可能差十分以上，十分!对于中考来说这可是个了不起的数字!那么如何提高作文得高分的能力?当然可以只回答一个字练。目标有了，最重要的就是方法了。至少我们应该注意作文的基本要求和基本技巧。
60字的作文，非常有限的文字里要说明白说清楚一件事或一个人物或者一个观点，并不是一件很容易的事情。所以更要注意结构、要求和技巧。
60字的作文最好先从结构上练起，一般要分这样五个层次：
1)开始句2)向主体过度句 3)主体叙述 4)向结尾过度 5)结尾。
第一层开始句起着点题的作用，60字的作文一定要开门见山。也就是第一句就能让人感觉到你将要写什么。但是往往是概括性地笼统地指出。所以往往是一句话就解决问题。第二层往往是在第一层的基础上具体指出某人或某事。第三层就这个某人或某事进行详细的叙述或议论或描写。但一般以3至4句为宜。因为中考作文的字数是60至80字之间。不足和超过都要扣分。所以应该及时向结尾过渡，完成第四层，多半以谈感觉为主。在主体叙述和结尾之间起着承上启下的作用。但也应该一句话解决问题。过渡的梯子搭好了，也就能够圆滑地圆满地结尾了。结尾的一句话往往是感慨、感想、感叹之类的句子。这样6至8句的作文，每句*均10字左右 (每个句子的字数根据含义的需要调整)，最后写好的作文就应该是在60至80字之间了。
话题作文“文体不限”，指的是不限制用哪一种文体，便于考生选择自己最擅长的文体来写作，但这样并不等于文体的泛化。文体的选择可以随意，但选定后，保持文体自身的规范与和谐却是必要的。有的考生把“文体不限”误以为可以写成不管什么样的文体，结果出现一些记叙文议论化、议论文记叙化、散文杂感化之类的文章，搞成一种文体的大拼盘大杂烩，信笔胡言，非驴非马，客观上影响了内容的表达，这是不可取的;为了标新立异，有的考生甚至还写出一些令人震惊的“另类”作文，这更应该及时纠正，以免延误大事。诚然，现在有些报刊上确实有些文章不伦不类，文体特征不鲜明，令人难以卒读。我们考生毕竟还处在学*写作阶段，文体的特征一定要鲜明，这既便于自己写作，也便于阅卷者阅卷。正确的方法是根据自己的擅长扬长避短，选择文体，确定自己是写什么文体后，就要在自己的文章中鲜明地表现出这一文体的语言特征。比如：形象思维比较发达，善于记叙描写的学生，可以选择记叙文;逻辑思维比较发达，善于议论说理的学生，可以选择议论文;感情丰富，视野开阔的学生，可以选择散文等等。
——英语写作常用重点句型 (菁华6篇)
1．对比。
正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不呵少的．如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。
1)如“很多人很快就会发现。他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样表达：
Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods．but ragged in spirit．(句中rich in与ragged in，goods与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果)
2)如“利远远大于弊”可以这样表达：
The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages．(句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果)
3)如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：
They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements，but have ignored a more important fact．(句中have noticed与have ignored，a grain of truth in the statements与a more important fact具有正反对比的关系和效果)
4)如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：
It will have both negative and positive effects by doing SO．(句中negative与positive具有正反对比的关系和效果)
5)如“我们既有与我们很为相似的朋友，又有与我们很为不同的朋友”，可以这样表达：
We have friends similar to US and friends different from US．(句中similar to与different from具有正反对比的关系和效果)
2．排比。
英文中有时也使用排比句式．这种句式整齐而有气势，又不会使人感到单涮。例
如，“读书使我们聪明，锻炼使我们强健”，可以这样表达：
Reading makes US wise while exercises make US strong．
3．重复。
英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。英文的重复又根据被重复词语在语句中的位置分为句首重复、句尾重复、首尾重复、尾首重复等。
1)如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：
Now is the time to forget everything in the past．Now is the time to get down to the business．Now is the time to work hard for the future．(此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的now is the time to)
2)如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：
We long for success and we are working hard for success．(此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的for success)
3)如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”可以这样表达：
I am convinced that we can succeed，and I am convinced that we must succeed．(and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am convinced that与句尾的succeed)
4)如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代。而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达：
We are now living in a new era，and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances．(and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era)
4．倒装。
这里说的倒装不同于前述非修辞性的语法结构倒装。非修辞性的语法结构倒装是语句的语法结构所限定的，没有臼rh选择的余地，只要运用需要倒装结构的句型就要采刚倒装结构。这里所说的倒装是指修辞性语义结构倒装，是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首(或句尾)的特殊位置。如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：
Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances．
5．转义。
这是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段．主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等．比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。
1)如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”．可以这样表达：
What had been experienced in the past was always looming in memory like a picture．(此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词)
2)如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”．可以这样表达：
Our English teacher is our best English dictionary．(此句采用了暗喻。暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词)
3)如要表达“我正在读莎士比亚的书呢”，可以这样表达：
I am reading Shakespeare．(此句采用换喻．换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的私称来代替另一事物的名称，通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事物都可以用换喻来表达)
4)如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，可以这样表达：
A hand is needed here．(此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人)
5)如要表达“巨大的不幸笼罩着整个城市”，可以这样表达：
A great misfortune crept over the whole city．(此句采刚拟人。拟人的特点足将事物人格化)
6)如要表达“这种想法真是伟大的愚蠢”．可以这样表达：
This is really a great stupid idea．(此句采用反语。反语的特点是故意将话反说，具有讽刺意味)
7)如要表达“我太渴望成功了。听到成功的消息我欣喜若狂”，英文可为：
I was mad for success and on the news of sue(-ess 1 went mad with joy．(此句采用夸张。夸张的特点是为表现事物的特征故意夸大其词)
1) 主语+ cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.(再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。)例如：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
2)There is no need for sb to do sth. for sth.(某人没有必要做……)，例如：There is no need for you to bring more food. 不需你拿来更多的食物了。
3)By +doing…，主语can …. (借着……，……能够……)，例如：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy. 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。
4) … enable + sb.+ to + do…. (……使……能够……)，例如：Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
5) On no account can we + do…. (我们绝对不能……)，例如：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
6) What will happen to sb.? (某人将会怎样?), 例如：What will happen to the orphan? 那个孤儿将会怎样?
7)For the past + 时间，主语 + 现在完成式…. (过去……年来，……一直……)例如：
For the past two years，I have been busy preparing for the examination. 过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
8)It pays to + do….(……是值得的。)例如：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
9)主语+ be based on….(以……为基础)，例如：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
10)主语 + do one’s best to do….(尽全力去……)，例如：We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标
注意：“尽全力”在英语中有不同表达，例如：We should spare no effort/make every effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。
11)主语+ be closely related to …. (与……息息相关)， 例如：Taking exercise is closely related to health.做运动与健康息息相关。
12) 主语+ get into the habit of + V-ing = make it a rule to + V (养成……的……)，例如：We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.我们应该养成早睡早起的行为。
Owing to/Thanks to sth… (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
13)What a + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + be!= How +形容词+ a +名词+ be!(多么……!)，例如： What an important thing it is to keep our promise!= How important a thing it is to keep our promise!遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
14)主语 + do good/ harm to sth.. (对……有益/有害)，例如：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
15)主语 + have a great influence on sth. (对……有很大的影响)，例如：Smoking has a great innfluence on our health.抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
16) nothing can prevent us from doing…. (没有事情能够阻挡我们做……), 例如：All this shows that nothing can prevent us from reaching our aims.这显示了没有事情能够阻挡我们实现目标。
17) Upon / On doing…, …. (一……就…….) ，例如：Upon / On hearing of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he couldn’t say a word. 一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。
注意：此句型一般可以改为如下复合句句型，例如：As soon as he heard of the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he ….
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚来，她就开始抱怨。
No sooner had he arrived than it began to rain. 他刚来，就下雨了。
18) would rather do…than do…(宁愿……而不……), 例如：I would rather walk home than take a crowded bus. 我宁愿步行回家也不愿做拥挤的公交车。
注意：此句型可以改为prefer to do…rather than do…句型，例如：
I prefer to stay at home rather than see the awful film with him. 我宁愿呆在家也不愿意和他去看那部恐怖电影。
19) only + 状语， 主句部分倒装 例如：Only then could the work of reconstruction begin. 直到那时，重建工作才开始。
20) be worth doing (值得做)，例如：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
21)Owing to/Thanks to sth, …. (因为……)，例如：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
以下为复合句高级句型：
22)主语+ is + the +形容词最高级+名词+(that)+主语+ have ever + seen(known / heard / had / read,etc)例如：Liu Yifei is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen in my life. 刘亦菲是我所看过最美丽的女孩。Mr. Liu is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 刘老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。
注意，比较级也可以用来表达最高级的意思， 例如：I have never seen a more beautiful girl than Liu Yifei in my life. 在我生活中我从来没见过比刘亦菲更美的女孩。Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
23)There is no denying that + S + V….(不可否认的……)，例如：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。There is no denying the fact that the new management method has greatly increased the production. 不可否认的事实是，新的管理方法已经极大提高了产量。
24)It is universally acknowledged that +从句(全世界都知道……)，例如：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
注意，全世界都知道还可以改为以下句型：As is known to us/As we all know, …. (众所周知，……)。例如：As is known to us/As we all know, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。
25)There is no doubt that +从句(毫无疑问的……)，例如：There is no doubt that he came late. 毫无疑问，他来晚了。There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.毫无疑问，你有困难时，会得到别人的帮助。
26)(It is) No wonder that.... (难怪……)，例如：No wonder that he fell asleep in class. 难怪他在课堂上睡着了。
27)So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 从句 (如此……以致于……)，例如：So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。
28)形容词+ as +主语+ be，主语+ 谓语(虽然……)，例如：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
29)The + 比较级 +主语+谓语， the +比较级+主语+谓语(愈……愈……)，例如：The harder you work, the more progress you make. 你愈努力，你愈进步。The more books we read, the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。The more, the better. 越多越好。
30)It is time + 主语 + 过去式 (该是……的时候了)例如：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
注意：此句型可以转化为简单句句型：It is time for sth./for sb to do….例如：
It is time for lunch. 该吃午饭了。
It is time they were taught a lesson. 他们该接受教训了
31)To be frank/ To tell the truth, …. (老实说, ……) , 例如: To be frank/ To tell the truth, whether you like it or not, you have no other choice.老实说，不论你喜不喜欢，你别无选择。
32)it took him a year to do….( 他用了1年的时间来做……), 例如：As far as we know, it took him more than a year to write the book.到目前为止我们所知道的是，他用了1年的时间来写这本书。It took them a long time to realize they had made a mistake. 过了很久，他们才意识到犯错了。
33)spent as much time as he could doing sth.(花尽可能的时间做某事)，例如：He spent as much time as he could remembering new words. 他花了尽可能多时间记新单词。
34)Since + 主语 + 过去式，主语 + 现在完成式，例如：Since he went to senior high school， he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
35)An advantage of… is that + 句子 (……的优点是……)，例如：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
36) It was not until recently that….( 直到最*, ……) ，例如：It was not until recently that the problem was solved. 直到最*这个问题才被解决。
37) We will be successful as long as we…. (只要我们……，我们就会成功的) ，例如：
We will be successful as long as we insist on working hard.只要我们坚持努力工作，我们会成功的。
38) No matter + wh-从句，…, 例如：No matter how difficult English may be, you should do your best to learn it.不管英语有多么难，你都应该尽你最大的努力来学它。No matter what he asks you to do, please refuse him. 不管他让你做什么，请拒绝他。注意：此句型一般可以改为疑问词+ever引导的从句，+主句，例如：Whatever he asks you to do, please refuse him.
39)It’s useless/ no good / no use doing sth. (做……是没有用的) , 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
40)It’s + a shame / nice/ kind + to do (做.....真惭愧/好)，例如：It’s a shame to lose the match. 输了比赛，真惭愧!It’s nice of you to tell me the truth. 你太好了，告诉我真相。It’s your turn to look after the young trees. 该你照顾这些小树了。
41)It is obvious/clear that + 从句 (…是明显的)，例如：It is obvious that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
注意：此句型中it是形式主语，其后谓语可以有不同变化。例如：
It’s certain that he will win the election. 他肯定会赢得选举。
It is true that we must make our greater efforts; otherwise we cannot catch up with the developed countries.是真的，我们要作出更大的努力，不然/否则，我们不能赶上发达国家。
It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each day.很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作20小时的。
It’s hard to say whether the plan is practical.这个计划是否实际很难说。
It is a common saying that where there is a will ,there is a way.俗话说，有志者，事竟成。
It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth while raising the quality of the population. 一定要指出的是国家基本政策之一是在提高人口质量的同时控制人口增长。
It must be kept in mind that there is no secret of success but hard work. 一定要记住的是成功的秘密是努力的工作。
It can be seen from this that there is no difficulty in the world we cannot overcome.从这里可看出，世上没有克服不了的困难。
It has been proved that his theory is right.已经证明，他的理论是对的。
42)It is/ was ….that… (强调句型), 例如：It was on the desk that you put your book. 你把书放桌子上了。It was the doctor that inquired what had happened. 医生询问了发生的事情。
43)I don’t think / feel/ suppose that… (否定前移)，例如：
I don’t think that we shall finish it on time. 我认为我们不能按时完成(工作)。
44)The reason why + 从句 is that + 从句 (……的原因是……)，例如：
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can sup* fresh air for us.我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
The reason why the river is polluted is that the factory has poured much waste into it.这条河受污染的原因是那家工厂向里倾到了很多垃圾。
注意：表示原因还可用以下句型。请比较：That is the reason why …. (那就是……的原因)，例如：Summer is very hot. That is the reason why I don’t like it.夏天很热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
45)It will (not) + 时间段 + before…(……需要很长时间), 例如：It will be a long time before everything returns to normal. 一切恢复正常需要很长时间。
46) I think / feel/ find it + important/ our duty + to do… (我发觉做……重要/是我的责任),例如：I feel it our duty to help the old. 我觉得帮助老人是我们的职责。
47)Those who…. (……的人……)，例如：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。
注意：此句型还可以转化为one/a person who…, 例如：
As the saying goes, nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.俗话说，世上无难事，只怕有心人。In a certain sense, a successful scientist is a person who is never satisfied with what he has achieved.在某种情况下，一个成功的科学家就是一个绝不满足于自己已取得的成就的人。
大学英语四级写作5类常用句型
1.用于描写漫画图表的常用句型
① As the graph depicts,…
② From the picture we can see that…
③ According to the statistics shown in the first/second graph,…
④ The table shows/indicates/reveals that…
⑤ It can be seen/concluded from the picture/table/figures that…
2.用于句首提出论点或现象的句型
① Recently,…has become the focus of society.
② …has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life.
③ Nowadays, there is a growing concern for…
④ Nowadays, it is common to hear/see…
⑤ …has become a common occurrence in our daily life.
⑥ Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of…
⑦ It is only during the last/past few years that men have become generally aware that…
⑧ There is an old/a popular saying/proverb that says/goes…
⑨ In recent years, there is a general tendency…
⑩ Nowadays,…has become a problem we have to face.
3.用于比较阐述不同观点的常用句型
① Some people like/prefer…, while others feel/are inclined to…
② There are different opinions among people as to…
③ Some people claim that…is superior to… Others, however, disagree with it.
④ Some people believe that… Others maintain that… Still others claim that…
⑤ Some people suggest… Others, however, hold the opposite opinion.
⑥ On the one hand, people tend to… On the other hand, they feel…
⑦ Some people argue that… Others, in contrast, believe that…
⑧ Although more and more people come to believe that…, there are still others who insist that…
⑨ On the contrary, there are people in favor of…
⑩ There are some people who hold different opinions about…
4.用于陈述个人观点的句型
① My own experience tells me that…
② In my opinion, we should attach more importance to…
③ As for my own idea about…, I believe…
④ As far as I am concerned, I plan to…
⑤ Personally, I prefer…
⑥ In my view, both sides are partly right in that…
⑦ But for me, I would rather…
⑧ My point of view is that…
⑨ In conclusion, I support the statement that…
⑩ As for me, I tend to choose…
5.用于结尾的常用句型
① From what has been discussed/mentioned above, we may conclude that…
② Therefore, it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that…
③ It is high time that something was done about…
④ From all the reasons/considerations above, it is evident/clear/obvious that…
⑤ Taking all these factors into account, we may reach the conclusion that…
⑥ Given the reasons I have just outlined/discussed/presented, I strongly recommend that…
英语四级写作三大正文段
1.段内并列
分析某事物时，用此句型说明其主要原因或者多方面原因
例如：Why…? For one thing …For another …There are many reasons for this problem. First /For one thing …Second / For another …Third/ Still another …
2.段内延伸
例如：In involves some serious consequence for …
3.段内对照
(1)肯定其中一个
The benefits gained from B are much greater than that of A.
(2)二者有共同点
A and B have several things in common .They are similar in that…
英语四级写作如何避开跑题
英语四级写作指导：1个宗旨
一般建议在作文的最后一段点出作文的宗旨，也即我们所说的"点题"。文章最后一段重申和强调作文主题，使阅卷老师非常轻松地找到文章的主旨，判断考生是否"切题"，给阅卷老师节省了时间，自然会得到一些额外的"好感分"。
英语四级写作指导：2个范围
任何一个作文题目，假如能够成为一个"可以让人探讨的话题"，势必需要"事关人"或者"事关物"，也许不要"事关重大"，但是必须是有话可说的。
"人"或"物"，就是四六级作文的两个命题范围：
(1)关于"人"的文章，一般涉及"个人成长成功心态哲理话题价值观品质"等"较为抽象"的话题。这种话题重在强调人的"内在品质"，强调"积极意义教育价值"，命题旨在教育考生"做一个什么样的人"。因此，与人有关的"成长类心态类和哲理类话题"是第一个命题的范围。
(2)关于"物"的文章，一般涉及"社会事务社会现象"等较为"具体实在"的话题。这种话题重在强调"社会事件和现象"，旨在考察考生的"观察问题分析问题解决问题"的实质能力。诸如2012年6月的四级考试"excessive package of products"(商品过度包装) 2012年12月四级考试education pays (教育的回报)以及2013年6月六级的地球资源与人类的需求和贪欲，考察的都是关于"物"的实在现象。
英语四级写作指导：3种属性
所谓"属性"，说的是作文的话题的"性别"--作文的话题是正面的负面的还是中性的?确定了作文的"属性"，加上作文考察的"范围"，对整个文章的展开会有重大的作用。
正如数学概念中的"坐标轴"，有"原点负面和正面"三个概念。作文的主题，也同样可以分为"中性话题负面话题和正面话题"三类。通常而言，
(1)"负面消极话题"需要在作文的二三段阐述这个负面话题产生的原因危害弊端和解决的措施策略;
(2)"中性一般话题"需要阐述这个话题或现象产生的原因，并且适当发表个人见解看法;
(3)"正面积极话题“，则尽量论述这个话题的意义重要性和价值以及这个话题对考生带来的启发。
在英语写作中，有一些句型的搭配能力非常强，基本上可以用在各种话题的议论文中，如果能将这些句型掌握并熟练应用一定会使你的英文写作得心应手。想不想试一试呢？
一、开头句型
我们常说，良好的开端等于成功的一半。做事如此，作文也是如此。所以我们颇有必要在作文的开头花一番心思。
在写议论文时，你通常以什么样的方式开头呢？最简单也最常用的可能就是开门见山法。也就是说———直截了当地提出你对这个问题的观点，点出文章的中心思想。
I．．．．has both advantages and
disadvantages．……既有利又有弊。例如：
1．Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．
2．Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．
3．Com pared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．
举一反三：
1．Although com*rs bring people a lot of convenience，they have many
disadvantages．
2．．．．has many advantages．For example，．．．However，just as every
coin has two sides，．．．has its
disadvantages．（本例将利弊分开讲，转折过渡自然。just as every coin has two sides也很值得背诵。）
II．．．．play（s）an important role ／part
in．．．……在……中扮演重要角色／起重要作用。例如：
1．Com*rs play an important role in science and technology．
2．Com*rs play a more and more important role in our life．
Com*rs play an increasingly important role in our studies．
3．Education plays an important part in developing our mind．
4．Addiction to alcohol and drugs play a role in homelessness．
举一反三：
1．Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life．
2．In the past，letters played a decisive role in long-distance
communication．But now ，telephone，email，fax have taken their place．
III．With the development of．．．，随着……的发展，例如：
1．With the developm ent of our econo- m y，m any Chinese fam ilies can
afford a car．
2．With the development of our economy and society，pollution is more
and more serious．
3．With the rapid development of science and technology，people can get
a college degree by taking online-courses at home．
4．With the current social and technological developments，employees
with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed．
举一反三：
1．With the rapid increase of China's population，housing problem is
becoming more and more serious．
随着*人口的急剧增加，住房问题越来越突出。
2．With more and more women entering society，people's attitude towards
women is changing．
随着越来越多的妇女走入社会，人们对妇女的态度也在改变。
3．With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up，an increasing
number of Chinese
families can afford a car．
随着*改革开放的深入，越来越多的*家庭买得起车了。（“越来越多”除了常用的more and more外，还可以用an increasing number of， a growing number of，a significant number of，a great number of等来表达。）
本结构看似固定，实则富于变化，只要记住with有“随着”的意思，相信大家可以根据实际的需要造出更多的句子。
我们已经看到，开门见山的开头使论文直切主题，直白明确地提出了论点。不过在讨论某些有争议性的问题时，就显得有欠缺，因为我们必须在文章的开头引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后再表明自己的观点。下面就是专门针对争议性论文的一种句型。
IV．When it comes to．．．，some people think ／believe
that．．．，others argue ／claim that opposite ／reverse is true．There is probably
some truth in both arguments
／statements，but．．．当说到……，有些人认为……，但另一些人则持相反的观点……。这两种观点可能都有点道理，但……。
本结构先用when it comes to ．．．引出话题，再用some．．．others
．．．这个对立的结构引出了两种相反的观点，然后说There is some truth in
both．．．表明严谨公正的态度，最后用but．．．很自然地引出了自己的论点。请看下面这个例子：
TV，a good thing or bad thing
When it comes to TV，some people believe that it is extremely valuable，as it provides relaxation， entertainment and education． Others argue that it is harmful for it begins to control our lives and deprives people of time to do other activities．There is probably some truth in both sides．But we must realize that television itself is neither good or bad．It is the uses to which it is put that determines its value to society．
二、结尾句型
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨论的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one ／a word，generally speaking等外，没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型。
V．．．．take measures to do sth．例如：
1．We should take measures to control pollution in order to save the world．
2．We'd better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams．
3．The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse．
4．Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks．
本文列举了英语作文中常用的几个句型，当然不是要大家写出千一律的文章来，而是希望起到一种抛砖引玉的作用，提醒大家在学中注意多总结，以使自己的写作水*更上一层楼。
一、开头段常用提出现象句型
1. Nowadays more and more … are commonly and widely used in everyday life.
2. In recent years…is gaining growing popularity with…
3. Recent years have seen a boom in …
4. Nowadays, there are many….
5. nowadays, … has become a very common matter in …
6. Nowadays there is a growing tendency in …
7. Recently … has aroused wide concern./…has been brought into focus.
8. Most of us may have such experience that …
二、开头段常用引出他人观点句型
1. In reaction to the phenomenon …, some people say …
2. When it comes to …, some people think…
3. When asked about …, most people say …
4. Now, it is widely believed that …
三、开头段常用引出两种不同观点句型
1. There has sprung up a heated debate as to whether …. Some maintain that…. However, others
believe that …
2. There is a public debate today over …. Some people believe…. Others claim that…
3. People’s opinions vary when they talk about …. Some maintain that…. Others believe that …
四、中间段常用引出作用、重要性、优缺点、影响句型
1. … plays an important role in …
2. The advantages of … lies in many ways.
3. …, as is the case with many issues, has both merits and demerits.
4. … will bring about an unfavorable effects on …
5. … will cause a sweeping change to …
6. … may give rise to/result in a number of problems
五、中间段、结尾段常用引出原因句型
1. Why …? Three factors can explain this.
2. Three factors weigh heavily for…. For one thing,…for another, …. A third contributing factor is ….
3. The factors that contribute to … include…
4. Tow major factors account for …. On the one hand,… . On the other hand,….
六、中间段、结尾段常用引出解决方法句型
1. How to …? The key words are as follows. To begin with, …. Next, …. Finally, ….
2. Such…would not… if we knew the following ways to handle…. First, …. Second, …. Third,…
3. The impacts could be minimized if we follow the suggestions as follow. One suggestion is ….
Another suggestion is …. A further suggestion is ….
七、结尾段常用引出我的个人观点句型
1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with…
2. As to me ,the former/latter opinion is more acceptable.
3. For my par, I am on the side of …
4. As I see it,…
China needs to reexamine the results of economic and social modernization in order to ascertain the benefits and indeed(表示加强含义) the detrimental aspects from a new perspective. Otherwise, various perceived accomplishments might in fact prove to be far from beneficial .
*需要重新检查经济和社会现代化带来的结果以便从新的角度明确它们的好处，甚至是有害的方面。否则，许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带来好处。
We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption . We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift in order to protect our newfound prosperity.
我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反，我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。
Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain extent valid, but none fully address the problem and the issue must be examined in a wider context.
目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。
There is little doubt that immediate action is required to eliminate the detrimental aspects of drunk driving once and forever.
毫无疑问，必须立即采取行动彻底消除酒后驾车的危害
(5)Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver . The incident was far from rare , and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving drunk driving
几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的酒后驾车案例的典型之一。
It is high time we put an end to the deplorable practice of food contamination .
我们早该杜绝食品污染这种应遭谴责的做法。
The most striking conclusion that can be reached when weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the market economy is quite frankly prosperity.
很坦率地说，在权衡市场经济的利弊时能得出的最显著的结论是繁荣。
The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that the scourge of * will be brought under control in the foreseeable future.
提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：艾滋病的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。
——小学英语考试重点知识点 (菁华3篇)
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：
先用“一(量词)”(如：一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
1、 动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括行为动词(就是我们*时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
就是我们*时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如：sweep、live等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式：
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，
具体判断方法如下：
有，就加ing
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词 (若是be going to 就用原形)
没有，再看情态动词
有，就用原形
有，就加ed
没有，再看有无表示过去的时间状语 ↗是第三人称单数就加s或es
没有，再看主语
不是第三人称单数就用原形
(2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类：is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中，was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。
2、 名词
表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词，be动词如果是am、is或was，名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were，名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。
如何加后缀：
a.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
3、 形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。
形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。
两个重要特征：as……as中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。
4、 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词 物主代词
单数 复数 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格 形容词性(短) 名词性(长) 形容词性(短) 名词性(长)
第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours
第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours
第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs
she her her hers
it it its its
人称代词：
有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。
物主代词：
有两类：形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
5、 数量词
我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。
6、冠词
有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思，一(个…)，the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于辅音音素前。
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三种可能：be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+ not、助动词(do、does、did) + not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：
1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。
2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。
3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。
表示疑问，一般回答只有两种可能Yes，……或No，……句中没有疑问词。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：
1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。
