在批改英语作文的过程中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。由于中英文之间的差异和词汇量、表达法积累的不足，出现难于表达的情况是十分正常的。关键问题在于提高口语如何处理。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，套用在这个问题上就很合适。写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。
有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“Whatisitmadeof?”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“ItismadeofMissHen’sson.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的'一种方法。
要写好英语作文，还要带着敏锐的目光细心地观察，注意速成口语中一些表达上的*惯。
比如说，在正式文体的写作中，很少用“itisn"t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作“itisnot”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，*数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。
再比如说，翻翻新概念速成口语第三册所有的课文，会发现凡是一段文章的段首句出现转折时，转折词However都放在句子结构中的第二部分，以插入语的形式出现。分析原因，是因为段落一开始就用转折词，会时转折显得较生硬、突兀。
最后，许多同学在提高口语写作文时，*惯于把“since”“because”“for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外,“and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系，用“furthermore”“whatismore”更为普遍。
对大多数学*速成口语的同学来说，英语的词汇量、句式的积累还极其有限，远不能达到用英文流畅表达，挥洒自如的境地。在这一阶段进行创作是不合时宜的，如果非要创造，只能写出“longtimenosee”这样的文字来。因此，模仿是这一阶段的必经途径。
谈到模仿，一些同学的办法就是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，效果可想而知。这不是真正意义上的模仿，充其量算是默写课文。如何模仿呢?
首先，模仿的目标要明确。模仿的重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。道理很简单：一个词，随着文章内容的变换，可能就不能用了;而句式结构是放置四海而皆准的东提高口语西，适用的范围广，学来对写作的帮助也就明显。
其次，模仿的材料要地道。像新概念速成口语这样的教材就提供了很多原汁原味的英语表达法。盲目选择文章学*，记一些不中不洋的句子，以讹传讹，浪费时间。
最后，模仿要体现在实际动笔上。比如说，新概念速成口语第三册有一个句式说：“…forthesimplereasonthat…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在大学英语考试中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在*如此的流行，表达为：“ThebicycleisverypopularinChinaforthesimplereasonthat…”。然而，很多同学经常背了这些句式不用，一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”，等等。
——公共英语写作技巧四部曲 (菁华3篇)
对大多数学*速成口语的同学来说，英语的词汇量、句式的积累还极其有限，远不能达到用英文流畅表达，挥洒自如的境地。在这一阶段进行创作是不合时宜的，如果非要创造，只能写出“longtimenosee”这样的文字来。因此，模仿是这一阶段的必经途径。
谈到模仿，一些同学的办法就是背一堆范文，然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作，效果可想而知。这不是真正意义上的模仿，充其量算是默写课文。如何模仿呢?
首先，模仿的目标要明确。模仿的重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上，而非个别的词汇。道理很简单：一个词，随着文章内容的变换，可能就不能用了;而句式结构是放置四海而皆准的东提高口语西，适用的范围广，学来对写作的帮助也就明显。
其次，模仿的材料要地道。像新概念速成口语这样的教材就提供了很多原汁原味的英语表达法。盲目选择文章学*，记一些不中不洋的句子，以讹传讹，浪费时间。
最后，模仿要体现在实际动笔上。比如说，新概念速成口语第三册有一个句式说：“…forthesimplereasonthat…”表示某种现象的原因是什么，用在大学英语考试中，我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在*如此的流行，表达为：“ThebicycleisverypopularinChinaforthesimplereasonthat…”。然而，很多同学经常背了这些句式不用，一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”，等等。
要写好英语作文，还要带着敏锐的目光细心地观察，注意速成口语中一些表达上的*惯。
比如说，在正式文体的写作中，很少用“itisn"t”这样的略缩形式，而往往是一板一眼地写作“itisnot”。同理，在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写，*数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。
再比如说，翻翻新概念速成口语第三册所有的课文，会发现凡是一段文章的段首句出现转折时，转折词However都放在句子结构中的第二部分，以插入语的形式出现。分析原因，是因为段落一开始就用转折词，会时转折显得较生硬、突兀。
最后，许多同学在提高口语写作文时，*惯于把“since”“because”“for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上，在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中，这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外,“and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头，表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实，经常留心地道的英语文章能发现，如果是并列关系，完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系，用“furthermore”“whatismore”更为普遍。
在批改英语作文的过程中，经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的'表达法。由于中英文之间的差异和词汇量、表达法积累的不足，出现难于表达的情况是十分正常的。关键问题在于提高口语如何处理。有一句话叫做“立志如山，行道如水”，套用在这个问题上就很合适。写英文作文，一定要有决心把它写好，有信心把意思表达清楚，这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度，能像流水一样变通解决问题。
有个翻译界的故事说：在某大型国际会议的招待会上，一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译：“Whatisitmadeof?”本来是非常简单的一个问题，结果翻译太紧张，忘了“egg”这个词，但是他急中生智，回答：“ItismadeofMissHen’sson.”这里，就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达，是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。
——公共英语等级考试翻译解题技巧 (菁华3篇)
直译和意译是翻译中最基本的两种方法。在翻译过程中，有时使用直译法，有时使用意译法，有时则两者必须并用。例如：
This was the last straw. I was very young:the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.
我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻，我要在一个女人手下工作，这对我简直是最大的侮辱。
“This was the last straw.”用的是直译法，后面的部分用的是直译法。这是典型的直译与意译并用。
He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh，ever-bubbling spring.
他全部吸收了那些如同一股清新的、不断涌出的泉水般流向他的词语和表达方式。
这个句子中前半部分用了直译法，后边的“come to him in a fresh，ever-bubbling spring”用了意译法。
一般来说，如果直译能够晓畅达意，则应坚持直译，如果直译不能完全达意则要采取一些补偿措施，做一些必要的添加、删除，甚至采用意译手法。在翻译的过程中，我们要学会灵活机动，哪个方法效果好，就采用哪个方法，不可勉为其难。要摆脱不合理的条条框框，最巧妙、最精确地传达原文内容，决不可随意脱离或替换原文的意思。
所谓直译，就是在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式。
在汉语和英语两种语言中存在着许多共同之处，在对于许多英语句子的翻译过程中，完全可以采取直译的方法，这样可以获得一举两得之功效，既保持了原文的结构，又正确表达了原文的内容。直译的焦点不在原文形式，而原文词语的字面意思，即只要按字面意义(或称表层意义)去译，不管结构形式改变与否都是直译。如既能保留字面意思，又能保存原句句式，则是典型的直译。例如：
Tom always boasts about his past.
汤姆总是吹嘘自己的过去。
They enjoy the * relationships with others at work and feel stimulated by demands and challenges of being employed.
他们喜欢在工作上和他人建立的那种**的关系，并由于工作上的要求及挑战而感到激奋。
以上两例译文都使用了直译法，即根据句子的语法结构，按照原文的内容，保持原文形式的特点，直接译出。对于那些英语和汉语的句法结构非常相*的句子，甚至完全一致的句子，都可以采用直译法。
但是，由于英汉两种语言在句法结构上或者说表达方式上存在较大差异，这种“字对字”的翻译(word-for-word translation)毕竟非常有限。直译只有在一定条件下才可进行，即“必须达意”。如果认为“只要一字一字地将原文换成汉语，就是直译”，那便曲解了直译的意思。因此，要克服对直译理解的这种片面性。
直译法有着显而易见的优越性：一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面又有助于不断从外国引进一些新鲜、生动的词语和表达方法。汉语中有好多词语与英语是对等的。
open secret 公开的秘密 chain reaction 连锁反应
black market 黑市 cold war 冷战
这些都是直译的范例。
直译和意译是翻译中最基本的两种方法。在翻译过程中，有时使用直译法，有时使用意译法，有时则两者必须并用。例如：
This was the last straw. I was very young:the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.
我再也无法忍受了。我当时很年轻，我要在一个女人手下工作，这对我简直是最大的侮辱。
“This was the last straw.”用的是直译法，后面的部分用的是直译法。这是典型的直译与意译并用。
He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh，ever-bubbling spring.
他全部吸收了那些如同一股清新的、不断涌出的泉水般流向他的词语和表达方式。
这个句子中前半部分用了直译法，后边的`“come to him in a fresh，ever-bubbling spring”用了意译法。
一般来说，如果直译能够晓畅达意，则应坚持直译，如果直译不能完全达意则要采取一些补偿措施，做一些必要的添加、删除，甚至采用意译手法。在翻译的过程中，我们要学会灵活机动，哪个方法效果好，就采用哪个方法，不可勉为其难。要摆脱不合理的条条框框，最巧妙、最精确地传达原文内容，决不可随意脱离或替换原文的意思。
——公共英语三级写作 (菁华3篇)
继续教育问题
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Boom in Continuing Education. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)上图为某城市2002-2008年参加继续教育的人数情况，请描述其中的变化;
2)分析导致该变化的原因;
3)谈谈你对继续教育的.看法。
【范文】
A Boom in Continuing Education
From the graph, we can learn the number of continuing education participants has kept increasing from 2002 to 2008 in X city. In 2002 there were only 20 thousand people taking part in the continuing education, but in 2004 the number grew to 70 thousand, and in 2006 150, and by 2008, the number has reached 230 thousand. It can be seen easily that continuing education is gaining more and more popularity。
The following reasons are responsible for this boom in continuing education. Firstly, during the work many people begin to realize what they have learned in schools is far from enough. So they turn to continuing education to gain more knowledge and skills. Moreover, as the science and technology in China are developing very fast, *s after graduation have to refresh themselves. In addition, in modern society, those without bachelor's degrees or above are less competitive。
As far as I am concerned, the boom in continuing education is a necessity. It provides those on-the-job people with chances to get advanced degrees and gain more knowledge. As our society develops, more and more people will receive continuing education in the future。
Writing
Below are three tables showing the changes in your family since 1985. Look at the table and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points.
1. What was your home like before 1985?
2. What are the changes after 1985?
Changes in My Home
Many changes have taken place in my home since 1985. A few years ago, we lived in a twelve-meter-square room which was used as bedroom, our study as well as our dining room. I often quarreled with my sister since she often occupied the only small table or the stool.
Later, our family moved into a new house with two large bedrooms, one sitting room, one kitchen and a clean toilet. A color TV took the place of the old black-white one and a beautiful four-speaker . My parents' books found a new place in a larger bookcase and we can keep fruits, pork, eggs in a refrigerator. With the development of society, every family's life has been improved a great deal indeed.
Writing
A certain college lacks some qualified teachers of English. Write a letter of recommendation of Mr.Zhong Yong, a teacher of English at a middle school. Your letter should refer to the following points:
1. Personal data
2. His work experience
3. His qualifications
You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use "Zhang Ping" instead. You do not need to write the address.
Name of Applicant: Zhong Yong
Mailing Address: Flat 602, Building 98
Sibei Rd.
Xiamen, Fujian Province
China
Email Address: zhyggu@dimk.com
Present Occupation: Teaching
Employer: the Education Bureau of Xiamen City
Programme of Study: English
Area of Specialization: Applied Linguistics
Degree: M.A.
Name of Reference: Lin Long
Mr.Zhong Yong graduated from the English Department of the Zhangzhou Teachers' College in 1998. During his college years, he achieved excellent results in study. He has some capacity to do research work and shows much promise as a college teacher.
Mr.Zhong Yong to read and speak English. He is, however, a bit weak in writing and must work harder to improve himself in this respect.
I recommend Mr.Zhong Yong and hope that he will be chosen as a college teacher.
Yours very truly,
Zhang Ping,
——公共英语写作高分句型 (菁华3篇)
(1)It is obvious that wearing the uniforms will make school life dull and monotonous.
(2)It is well known that there is a clear link between smoking and some serious diseases.
(3) It is said mothers know what is most suitable for their children
(4)It is true that com*rs can be of great help to human beings but they can never replace human brains or surpass human intelligence.
(5) It will do much good to students with a teacher being in the classroom.
(6) It is against the law to force students to study in an environment without the presence of the opposite sex.
(7)It seems to me that no one should be forced to change his lifestyle unless he has committed a crime.
(8) It is impossible for the universities to enroll the same number of female and male students in every subject.
(9) It is natural that great differences exist between the boys and girls.
(10) It is competition that encourages people to work harder to catch up with others, to be superior to the others
(1)Taking part-time jobs provides college students with a chance to make contact with society and to be prepared for their future jobs.
(2)Getting on line benefits us in many ways.
(3)Studying abroad is a good way for one to cultivate his independence.
(4)Collecting stamps takes patience, carefulness and perseverance, which I need in doing my work
(5)Walking dogs in the fresh air is a good form of exercise for us.
(6)In summer, sitting by the quiet and peaceful lake with green lotus leaves and white or pink lotus flowers everywhere helps me forget all my troubles.
(7)Playing games does not require students to use any of their creativity.
(8)Living on the campus is beneficial to the students not only academically but also psychologically.
(9)Nowadays raising pets such as dogs and cats is becoming more and more popular.
(10)Smoking is just a personal hobby and entertainment.
(1)While I’m enjoying a moving love story, beautiful model advertising “SOAP” appears on the screen of TV.
(2)The manager interviewed the girl ap*ing for the position of engineer.
(3)Tired of spending much time cooking, we find it a good way to save time to eat in the “Fast Food Restaurant.”
(4)It is reported that millions of people, including smokers and their folks, died of heart disease and lung cancer in the world every year.
(5)The dead are there, smiling and talking. The past is there, being as fresh as a daisy. The future is there, waving at us.
(6)Being indulged in soup operas, people may be ignorant of what is going on around them in daily life, which causes some difficulty in communication with others.
(7)Considering the reasons given above, the telephone has an important effect on our lives.
(8)I think in the near future we will enjoy a more comfortable and smoother journey every day, breathing fresher and cleaner air without harsh noises pushing into our ears.
(9)Parents should spare time to communicate with their children, resolving difficulties and troubles for them timely.
(10)We should strengthen education and raise the quality of people, helping them set up a correct outlook of the world
——小升初英语作文写作技巧 (菁华3篇)
由于时间限制，考试时必须在所限定的时间内完成英语作文。英语作文步骤如下：
1)作文动笔之前一般都要先打腹稿。在确立中心上、运用材料上、篇章结构上，充分酝酿。
2)考虑好想写多少句子，该用哪些动词和词组等。
3)边写边思考内容的连贯性，语言和句子的准确性。
4)写完后一定要再细看一遍。
一、先审题，弄清写作要求审题是写好作文的前提，也是书面表达的基础。如果写偏了题，语言表达再好也很难得高分。审题时要注意两个方面：
认真地看两遍题目，包括提示，全面了解写作要求。
理清思路，确定体裁、框架结构和内容。
二、用英语进行思维英语写作时必须排除汉语思维的干扰。
从现在起应逐渐加大阅读量和听的输入量，将阅读、听力训练与书面表达有机地结合起来。经常体会和领悟作者传递信息和表达思想的方式。在话题讨论和写作中经常运用所学到的表达方式就会有所创造。还要尽量做到“五多”：多看、多听、多思考、多用心体验和感悟身边的人和事、多用英语说和写自己的体验和感受。
重视增加阅读量是提高英语写作的途径之一。
目前，考生在进行大量阅读的同时，应注重所读材料的文章结构以及连接词的运用（ontheotherhand，however，furthermore）、作者的表达方式（词汇、*惯用语和典型句子的使用）、作者是如何进行叙述和议论的。
在教师的指导下，*时应勤写多练。
练*写作应从基本功抓起。在中译英翻译训练过程中，加强积累适量的词汇、词组和增加各种类型句子的运用。把握好各种句型和词汇的搭配，并从各类题材和体裁着手，多阅读好的范文。然后模仿写作，作文写好之后，一般都要修改。第一遍收笔后，先看一看结构，然后从字词上推敲，使文章“充实”起来。更重要的`是经老师修改过的作文一定要仔细地看一至两遍，然后再认真地抄写一遍，收获将会很大。
——英语作文写作技巧(五)份
研 *：
“没有规矩，不成方圆。”对于一般英语学*者而言，写出优秀的文章有赖于后天*得，但并不意味着机械背诵、生吞活剥，或者照搬照抄、人云亦云。所谓研*，需要有独立思考和个人的判断，本着“他山之石，可以攻玉”的精神，汲取文章的精华部分加以研究。研*主要侧重两个方面，包括文章章法和语言表达。文章章法指文章的行文思路、布局谋、结构安排、逻辑顺序。许多学*者面对一个话题，可能存在两种不同的困惑，一是下笔千言，但离题万里;二是思绪万千，却无从落笔。导致两种困惑的根源皆在于欠缺思考问题、组织思路的恰当方式，以至于文章不得要领、章法紊乱。这就要求我们从全脉络角度多研*范文，之后领悟如何以演绎法行文、怎样用归纳法谋以及如何围绕特定话题拓展思路等等。此外，研*还要侧重于语言表达，包括遣词造句和句子、段落之间的各种衔接手段，以期在自己日后的写作中派上用场，因为英文写作皆通一理。只有善于借鉴，勤加研究，才会借他人的优势和长处，提高自己的写作水*。
背 诵：
背诵是提高写作的又一有效途径。要学好写作文，首先要处理好语言输入与输出之间的关系。前者是后者的前提条件。如果头脑空空如也，就根本谈不上写出像模像样的文章。只有读过大量东西，并且有意识地将其中精彩部分储存于记忆之中(commit the highlights to memory)，才能保证下笔流畅、文通字顺。因此，背诵对于写作极为重要。但背诵不是机械记忆，而是有选择性的背诵，是有意义的记忆。因为机械背诵的结果要么是记忆很快就荡然无存、了无痕迹，要么是无法活学活用、付诸实践。背诵包括五个方面：重点词汇、常用套语、精彩句子、优秀段落、经典章。
重点词汇：
美妙的用词及搭配皆在此列，像fall victim(受害)，stand a fair chance(大有希望)这种地道的动宾搭配要勤加记忆。为了积累写作词汇，应将文中同属一个话题的用词汇总归纳，组成主题词族(topic family)。归类记忆可以使自己日后即写即用，得心应手。下文是一阐释爱心的优秀文章，多处用词精巧，现将文中关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结如下：
emotional strength 情感的力量；
the noblest of human emotions人类最高尚的情感；
no thought of gain不计得失；
the lamp of love爱心之灯；
help the victims of natural disasters支援自然灾害受害者；
donate whatever they can倾囊相助；
help their needy fellow citizens 帮助有需要的同胞；
be ready to give a helping hand 随时准备伸出援手。
When we use the word "love", we do not sim*** mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.
As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can — be it money or goods — to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.
In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.
当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指异性对一个人的吸引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。爱心是一种情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同文化背景的人都把爱看成是人类最高尚的情感。
说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想起每年中国各族人民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照国际标准他们的收入还处于低水*，全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助——不管是钱还是物——帮助那些有需要的同胞。而且，他们这么做并不考虑自己的得失。
我认为，表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧*生。这样，我们就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。
常用套语：
套语指流行的公式化语言，在写作中适当使用颇有必要。如在商业信函结尾，期望对方早日回复的表达方式就要遵循套语的基本模式，使表达规范得体。下面试举几个例子：
Kindly favor us with an early re***. 请早日赐复。
Your prompt re*** will be highly appreciated. 如能及时回复，将不胜感谢。
We look forward to hearing from you soon. 早日回复。
We are expecting your prompt re***. 急盼回复。
Please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly. 请早日回信。
Kindly let us have your re*** at your earliest convenience. 请在您方便时尽早赐函。
We would appreciate it if you could respond right away. 如能即刻回复，将不胜感谢。
当前流行应试写作模板，即套语的使用贯穿文章始终，为考生提供万能公式型的文章主架，每句表达皆由固定套语框定，考生只要背下套用句型、过渡词语，在考试中根据特定考题填充具体内容。这种应试策略使写出的文章矫揉造作，生硬刻板，虽可以让考生及格过关，但绝对得不到高分。套语的过多使用不妨可以比作大海中的救生圈，有了它，仅仅可以让不擅游泳者保全性命，却无法自在畅游，一展泳姿。一般而言，套语较为空洞，如使用过多，文章容易流于空泛，言之无物。写作宜虚实结合，形式与内容相统一。下例是一比较在家学*与入校读书谁优谁劣的范文，文中巧妙地使用了一些固定句式和过渡词语，不仅增强了表达效果，而且实现了形式与内容的统一。
There are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. First, as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the Internet and educational courses on TV, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. Second, it is widely held that a person studies better in the familiar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own study time.
But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying in the classroom, too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, whereas studying in solitude at home is boring for many people. More importantly, there can be no substitute for a good teacher, who must not only be able to impart facts and theories, but also to appraise and encourage his students.
Given the choice between these two methods of learning, I prefer the classroom. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the midst of household chores, and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. The classroom environment, I feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable ap***ing all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge.
关于在家学*，我们可以提出两个主要论点。
第一、由于电子媒体方面取得的进步把整个世界的知识通过互联网和电视上的教育课程带入了家庭，教室不再是惟一获取知识的场所。
第二、人们普遍认为，在自己家里这样熟悉的环境中，并且能自己安排学*时间，一个人能学得更好。
但是，我们不能忽视在教室里学*也有好处这一事实。周围都是能力相*和兴趣相投的人可能会对获取知识形成巨大的刺激，而对很多人来说孤独一人在家学*会有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，没有什么可以替代一个好老师，他不仅能够传道授业，而且能够评估并鼓励学生。
如果在两种学*方法中选择，我更喜欢在教室里学*，因为我是那种很难在家务琐事、客人、电话的打扰下集中注意力学*的人。我认为大多数人只有在教室里才能把全部精力放在获取知识这件十分重要的工作上。
小升初英语写作技巧之一：
用介词短语替代从句，例：
原句：While they were playing tennis， she started an argument that lasted all morning.
修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.
原句：When you come to the second traffic light， turn right.
修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.
小升初英语写作技巧之二：
删除诸如who is或that is之类的关系代词，变从句为短语，例：
句：The novel， which is written in three parts， told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.
修改后：The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.
注：把句中的three parts改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词which is written in.我们经常可以将关系代词如that去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。
小升初英语写作技巧之三：
剔除你不需要的单词，例：
Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call. 写完这样的句子后，你自己再读一遍，挑出单词joint和telephone，注意删去不必要的词。
1. 自然结尾，点明主题
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman(帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there.
2. 首尾呼应，升华主题
在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
3. 反问结尾，引起深思
这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如“Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
4. 表达祝愿，阐述愿望
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers’ life will be better and better.
另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year;I wish you have a good time等。
4方式写好小升初英语作文高分开头
开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的第一次亮相，它将决定你所写的文章在阅卷老师心中所留下的第一印象。如果第一印象好，就意味着有了良好的开端，也就成功了一半。Good beginning is half done，我们该怎样一提起笔就让自己成功一半呢?
1. “开门见山”式开头
一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
①. 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
②. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money(时间和金钱)” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’t think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……
2. 回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never for get_r(永远无法忘记)、 remember (记得)、unfor gettable_r(难以忘怀的)、 exciting(令人激动的)、surprising(令人惊讶的)、sad (难过的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
3. 疑问性开头
在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(种树)”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don’t you think planting trees is ……再如“Traveling Abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?
4. 倒叙式开头
在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。如“Catching Thieves (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It’s a … story.
一、巧用过渡句
所谓过渡词，就是表示先后顺序的first，second，at last，表示因果关系的as a result，dueto，because of…，表示分述关系的what‘s more，furthermore，besides，inaddition等等。为什么要使用这样的词汇?原因有二：其一，我们每个人写的文章虽然内容几乎千一律，但是每个人的写作风格和逻辑思路不尽相同。怎样在短时间内让阅卷老师进入自己的逻辑体系，快速而精准的判断你的文章呢?过渡词就是一个很好的“向导”，它能够引导阅卷人的思路，让其短时间内对你的文章做出公允的评价;其二，我们列好提纲准备下笔的时候，总有一个先后顺序，总有一个逻辑结构，如何使自己的文章结构清晰，要点明确，中心突出，答案还是过渡词，使用了过渡词，可以规范自己的逻辑思路，让我们在有压力的写作之下能够做到临危不乱，有条不紊，层次清晰，逻辑通畅。
二、句式多变
如果一百份试卷里都是清一色的“ithink”简单句，那阅卷人读起来将会多么的乏味，乏味至极的阅卷人又如何能给得出高分?所以，我们在写句子的时候，要尽可能的变换句式和结构，让文章富于变化，错落有致。具体地说：中考作文中，我们可以尝试使用更多的复合句，主要是宾语从句、状语从句以及尝试变化语态。例如，20xx年中考北京卷作文题，以汶川地震为背景描写一个叫做林浩的小英雄的故事以及自身感受。其中有一句细节描写叫做“他救出了自己的同学并步行七小时到达安全地点。”例文给出的句子是“he saved two of his classmates. then he walked for seven hoursto safety."这句话我们可以改写成为一个从句：saving two of his classmates，lin haowalked for seven hours to safety.
如果再加上语态的变换，还可以改写成：being saved from the earthquake，two of linhao‘s classmates walked for seven hours to safety with lin hao.这样的变化在作文中能够主动使用的话，一定会增加阅卷人的青睐，从而给你的文章增加获胜的筹码。
三、善用名人名言
在中考作文中，很少有同学能主动写出名人名言为自己的文章画龙点睛。名人名言是精炼浓缩的，富有哲理和智慧的句子，经过数百年人们口耳相传到了今天，足以说明它的凝练和它的魅力。如果在文章中能成功使用合适的名人名言，那将会是怎样一番景象，其实不难想象。比如你在一讨论中学生该不该使用手机的文章中用了”just as the saying goes，‘every coin has two sides.‘“，那效果就相当于一个美国人在汉语水*考试作文里写出了”中国人有句古话叫‘福兮祸之所倚，祸兮福之所伏‘“一样的震撼!因此，学会使用名人名言，将会使我们的文章大放异彩。当然了，使用名人名言的前提是我们得记得住一定数量的名言。很多同学在写作的时候没有办法写出漂亮的名言来衬托，这一是因为自己*时积累不够，写不出合适的名人名言，第二是对名人名言没有形成条件反射，联想不到。大家在接下来的文章中不妨可以尝试一下，看看效果如何。
第一段：开头段。主要是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备发起进攻。
第一层：
This argument concludes/recommends/argues that
第二层：
To support this conclusion the writer cites/points out that
第三层：
However, this argument suffers from several critical flaws and is therefore unconvincing/ unpersuasive as it stands.
第二段和第三段甚至第四段：分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误。
One problem with the argument is that, the editorial observes a correlation between and , then concludes that the former is the cause of the latter. However, the editorial fails to rule out other possible explanations forFor example, Any of these factors, or other social, political or economic factors, might lead toWithout ruling out all other such factors it is unfair to conclude that
第五段：结尾段
作者的结论似乎是合理的，但是通过论证，不是这样的。因此作者在做出决定之前，应该还要考虑其他情况。我们通过一文章作为实例来介绍Argument的论证步骤和论证方法以及文章结构。
In the final ***ysis, the letters author fails to adequately support the recommendation thatTo bolster the argument, the arguer must provide detailed demographic/statistical evidence showing thatThe author must also provide evidence--perhaps by way of a reliable surveythat
