Dear xxx,
Knowing where one is heading during navigation brings assured happiness. Asa student majoring in Com*r Software, I began my odyssey four years ago. Now,after the initial mysticism was gradually unveiled, my curiosity remains thesame. Indeed, having entered this splendid com*r world, I am more than greedyfor something new.
From the beginning of my study, my endeavor was fixed on the underlyingbranches of Com*r Science, particularly System Software development. Novelapplications on other’s platform may be fruitful, but I think it’s moreappealing to act as an independent “manager”. In fact, mathematics, OS, DBMS andmodern compiler are all the examples, any breakthrough of which would pushforward the whole industry. Individuality is achieved in this uniqueposition.
My paces toward this goal are always steady. As mathematics permeates tothe every corner of Com*r Science, I am eager to see how it functions. I tookcourses offered by the Mathematics Department including Mathematical Analysisand Advanced Algebra. The curriculum also covered Discrete Mathematics,Probability & Statistics and Theoretical Com*r Science. As supplement tomy scope of knowledge, I learn by myself Combination Mathematics and the Scienceof Programming. This really made a hard period of time, but the harvest wasrewarding. I come to understand that even the most irrelevant softwaredisciplines have the origins in common. The importance of Fractured Geometry inCom*r Graphics is already obvious. What if a step furthers toward TSP or BinPacking? Immeasurable. Then came my favorite topics: Operating System, Compilerand Database. I worked hard and derived bits of my own insight. In fact, I wasgreatly encouraged to find some of my ideas successfully implemented in thecorresponding course projects. My final grade is straight “As” in these coursed.In short, although my experience in Com*r Science is still limited, I believeits depth is well accessible. As my advisor, Prof. Fang Yu, put it figurativelyin one of his lectures: “ It makes no difference whether a hunter captures 5 or7 rabbits. What counts is he knows how to use his gun.”
I think I can be the qualified shooter now. in my undergraduate years, Ihave earned various kinds of scholarships, among which were “Peking UniversityFellowship” and “Excellent Academic Scholarship”. My overall GPA ranks upper 10%among 48 students of the same grade. Because of my satisfactory performance, Iwas granted the honor of entering the graduate program at Peking Universitydirectly, waived of the admission test. In retrospect, my workload is alwaysheavy but it is worth my time of effort. Presently, I have both adequatetheoretical understanding and rich programming experience. READY I AM.
Of all the sub-areas of Com*r Science, my major interest is parallelprocessing and the related compiler construction. The terminology of parallelprocessing came to me when I read an article about digital circuit testing.According to this article, there exist many serial approaches of solving theautomatic test pattern generation (ATPG) problem. Though certain method ofsolving ATPG sometimes proved efficient, the computation time for a method ofsolving ATPG sometimes proved efficient, the computation time for a completeresult is intolerable, the a parallel processing machine is proposed. Usingparalleled ATPG method, this NP complete dilemma is ingeniously handled. Afterreading, I surprisingly realized that parallel processing opened a new windowfor the computationally intensive problems, which prove intractable for the VONNEUMANN Architecture. You can always first split a specific computational taskinto several independent divisions, then assign each part to a certainprocessor. With reasonable partition and proper synchronization, most gruelingscientific applications can be reduced to normal scale problems.
With the advent of the multiprocessor architecture, compiler optimizationfaced a new challenge. A compiler not only has to translate, but it is alsoresponsible for generating parallel-processing loop provides a rich opportunityof exploiting parallelism. Therefore, finding an optimum strategy for loopsbecause a hot research topic. On the whole, parallelism changes our view towardthe conventional com*r architecture so that the compiler’s construction mustmake the corresponding modification. Because of this challenging characteristic,I choose them to be my interest of future study.
Yet parallel processing is far from maturity. It has been observed thatsome sequential algorithms can be easily translated into fast parallelalgorithms while some others may not. Is every sequential computation can bedone efficiently in parallel? If not, what properties result in suchdistinction? Another unsettled problem is programming parallel com*rs now islike programming serial com*rs in the 1960s. Programmers get locked into aparticular manufacturer’s com*rs. Is it possible for us to design a higherlevel language for parallel com*rs that hides the underlying machinearchitecture from users? Both are crying out for solution.
Without advanced knowledge, I can do nothing but wait. In order to convertmy undergraduate study into full play, graduate education is a necessity. Fromthe college guide and my advisor’s recommendation, I am pleased to learn thatyour department has an academic atmosphere where originality is appreciated andindividual potential is explored. It will be the best place for my specializedstudy. If possible, my main interest in the future will be in the followingareas:
Parallel processing, Compiler construction.
Distributed/concurrent systems, Operating system.
Machine learning, Automated fault diagnosis.
As my undergraduate education is very basic, if you feel that I am moresuited for some other areas, any of your suggestion would be highlyappreciated.
Upon the completion of my study, I would return to Peking University andteach what I’ve learned to the students. Then I shall establish a researchcenter to experiment new ideas. It is my ultimate goal to see the Chine****r products leading the global market in the next century. After all, thenavigation is not over yet!
Yours sincerely,
xxx
Dear xxx,
There has been criticism in the media of Chinese young people for beingegocentric and lacking a sense of social responsibility. In my opinion however,this is not the case of my friends and I. While studying finance at Ohio StateUniversity, I paid close attention to social issues in China. Some people arebenefiting from the developing economy, while many others do not. In order tochange this situation, and redistribute social resources more reasonably,government support and policy reforms are required. I hope I can provide theChinese government with valuable consultation in the future so as to enable morepeople to benefit from this economic development.
My studies at Ohio State University enabled me to acquire a deepunderstanding of economics, finance, and accounting. It also gave me anopportunity to learn about American financial systems and operations. TheAmerican subprime mortgage crisis which caused a Financial Tsunami brought aboutwhole new schools of thought regarding the global economy. I realized that thereis excessive government intervention in resource allocation, especially withregards to loan investment and loan projects. Nowadays, American financialregulations are transforming from institutionally based and functional toobjectives-based. This is giving new ideas to other countries as to how theycould reform.
I did not start thinking about these issues in an offhanded manner. I havebeen in deep thought as to the financial systems used in Chinese villages forseveral years. China uses separated financial supervision, which has createdmany problems including repeated supervision, high cost, and lack of aneffective coordination mechanism. Farmers find it difficult to take out loanscreating a delay in economic development. If this situation is not improved,more than 60% of farmers will be unable to lift themselves out of poverty, andthere will be no social justice.
The differences I have observed between the Chinese and American financialsystems has inspired me to learn more about China’s current situation. In 20xx,I was awarded the chance to take an internship in a commercial bank. I mainlyhelped my supervisor organize materials, but I also participated in interviewswith customers. One day for instance, all of the banks supervisors were too busyto receive a customer requiring consultation. Fortunately, my experiencefollowing my supervisor around, combined with my academic knowledge of financialsystems, allowed me to confidently deal with the customer. I introduced thefinancial products available, and their characteristics. My supervisor laterclosed the deal, but was aware of my conduct which won me respect and morechances to work independently. Whilst working at this bank, conversations withmy colleagues enabled me to understand in greater depth why China is facing alack of credit. People in poorer areas have less access to credit, which is whythere is less investment. I feel that I now understand one of the biggest causesof the gap between rich and poor.
I have also taken part in a number of charity initiatives. In the summer of20xx, I worked for “Yixin Web” as an intern, joining a project called “warmschool house”. In Shaanxi province in China, gas poisoning caused a number ofchildren to lose their lives. Later, their school removed its coal stove, butlacked the funds to install a new heating system. Yixin Web raised 50,570RMB andsent out electric heaters to four schools in the area. Although the leaders fromYixin Web warned me that the area was desperately poor, but I was still shockedon arrival. The hills were bare. A local teacher told me that the soil in thehills had to be improved in order to plant crops there, but a lack of funds hadleft large areas desolate. The government has set out poverty alleviationpolicies providing interest free loans, but there are still many difficulties.The main problems stem from the lack of a holistic financial system.
Four-years of college life have helped me truly realize that finance shouldnot be used as a means for personal gain, but instead as a device to help liftpeople out of poverty. In the last 30 years China has developed rapidly, yet thegap between the rich and poor has widened. In order to improve this situation,the system needs to be reformed through policy ***ysis and the help of experts.On the basis of strong financial theories and excellent professional skills, Ihope to study an MPA program and go on to enhance my decision-making,***ytical, organizational and coordination abilities.
I truly hope to obtain a professional degree in MPA from Cornell UniversityGraduate School. I believe the Graduate School will help me balance study withmy life, such as the Student Governance-Cornell University Graduate andProfessional Student Assembly, which allows me to have many chances to dopractice. I very much appreciate and value how the school helps new studentsadapt to their new environment. This proves to me that Cornell University reallyfocuses on the students themselves. I am quite sure that what I will learn inCornell will give me everything I need to build my future career.
Yours,
xxx
Dear xxx,
An experienced engineer of security printing with China’s Central Bank, Inow would like to scale higher intellectual heights by pursuing Ph. D. studiesin mechanical engineering at your university. I believe that my strongbackground in CAD has adequately prepared me to embark on this endeavor.
I have been working since 1996 for the People’s Bank of China, a Chineseversion of the Federal Reserve, at its unique research institute of securityprinting, with the responsibility of designing the Chinese currency and themachinery to produce it. By engaging me in a variety of projects, the jobafforded me ample exposure to cutting-edge developments in com*rtechnologies, particularly in CAD software. I have, for example, recentlyredeveloped a purchased CAD (Com*r Aided Design) software to make it moresuitable for our own purposes. By adding our own part/subassembly to thedatabase and make our own drawing criteria, we have achieved dramatically betterefficiency.
My job performance, which has won me professional respect from all of mycolleagues, was achieved thanks to the strong background I acquired as a studentin com*r science. My undergraduate GPA ranked first among the 63 students ofclassmates in mechanical department, for which I was awarded first-class andsecond-class prizes many times. My graduate GPA ranked among the top 4% of the105 students in my year, which won me the “San Hao” scholarship every yearduring the three years of my graduate studies.
Unlike many other Chinese students, who are content with performing well inexams, I made a point of learning through my own hands-on experiences. In theMaster’s program at the Beijing Institute of Printing, I gained an in-depthunderstanding of artificial intelligence, including expert system and geneticalgorithm, especially in neural network. For my thesis, I programmed amulti-level BP neural network with C language to ***yze my mathematical model,and applied much of my knowledge in optimization. I thus became able to programwith a host of different com*r languages, especially C++, with which I helpedmy graduate advisor to design a paper-cutting machine. To ***yze the mechanismstatically and dynamically, I programmed a software system to ***yze andemulate it on screen. In undergraduate studies, I had often programmed withFortran77 and the Basic language.
Upon the completion of my Master’s studies, I easily passed the doctoralrecord examination in CAD/CAM of Beijing University, one f the top universitiesin China. But I gave up the opportunity in order to gain more practicalexperience in the industry. The decision proved to be right, as it guaranteed mebetter access to sophisticated facilities, such as state-of-the-art personalcom*rs. With the People’s Bank of China, I have thus accumulated solidexpertise in many kinds of operating and application software systems,particularly in CAD. I now have a firm grip on the latest developments incom*r science in China.
The challenges I met and the successes I achieved at the People’s Bank havenot only endowed me with confidence but also fired off my desire to furtherimprove myself. I have enjoyed high-quality and efficient production with theuse of a kind of PC-based CAD software, MDT, developed by Autodesk Corporation.I now have a dream: some day, every person can design his favorite product withsome sort of CAD software, and then search for an ideal factory over high-speedinternet its production; and the factory will put specifications of the product,as it has received them via the high-speed internet into its CIMS, and out popsthe product, as designed, at the end of the factory’s production line. It is abeautiful dream for every engineer, but many difficulties the speed ofdata-transfer and how to manage the product data among CAD, CAM, CAPP and CAEsystems. These questions are fascinating, and I would like to come up with myown answers to them.
To prepare myself for advanced studies in your country, I have persisted inimproving my English proficiency. As demonstrated by my score of 700 (96%) inthe verbal section of GRE, I now have an adequate command of English forundertaking graduate studies in your program.
After carefully comparing the strengths of many universities, I find MercyUniversity particularly suited for my purpose. It has got the best combinationof quality faculty, many state-of-the-art facilities, and an intriguing academicenvironment. Currently, China still lags significantly behind Western countriesin mechanical engineering. I hope that, with a few years of graduate studiesunder your seasoned guidance, I will be able to return to my motherland and helpbring mechanical engineering in my country to international standards.
Although my ultimate objective is a Ph. D. degree, I am willing to do aMaster’s degree if necessary. In either case, I would like to concentrate mystudies in one or a combination of the following areas: CAD, CAM, CIMS, Com*rgraphics, Mechanical design, Mechanical manufacturing, Optimization, Artificialintelligence, and Robotics. Your favorable evaluation of my application will behighly appreciated.
Yours,
xxx
——出国留学文书范例 (菁华3篇)
Dear xxx,
There has been criticism in the media of Chinese young people for beingegocentric and lacking a sense of social responsibility. In my opinion however,this is not the case of my friends and I. While studying finance at Ohio StateUniversity, I paid close attention to social issues in China. Some people arebenefiting from the developing economy, while many others do not. In order tochange this situation, and redistribute social resources more reasonably,government support and policy reforms are required. I hope I can provide theChinese government with valuable consultation in the future so as to enable morepeople to benefit from this economic development.
My studies at Ohio State University enabled me to acquire a deepunderstanding of economics, finance, and accounting. It also gave me anopportunity to learn about American financial systems and operations. TheAmerican subprime mortgage crisis which caused a Financial Tsunami brought aboutwhole new schools of thought regarding the global economy. I realized that thereis excessive government intervention in resource allocation, especially withregards to loan investment and loan projects. Nowadays, American financialregulations are transforming from institutionally based and functional toobjectives-based. This is giving new ideas to other countries as to how theycould reform.
I did not start thinking about these issues in an offhanded manner. I havebeen in deep thought as to the financial systems used in Chinese villages forseveral years. China uses separated financial supervision, which has createdmany problems including repeated supervision, high cost, and lack of aneffective coordination mechanism. Farmers find it difficult to take out loanscreating a delay in economic development. If this situation is not improved,more than 60% of farmers will be unable to lift themselves out of poverty, andthere will be no social justice.
The differences I have observed between the Chinese and American financialsystems has inspired me to learn more about China’s current situation. In 20xx,I was awarded the chance to take an internship in a commercial bank. I mainlyhelped my supervisor organize materials, but I also participated in interviewswith customers. One day for instance, all of the banks supervisors were too busyto receive a customer requiring consultation. Fortunately, my experiencefollowing my supervisor around, combined with my academic knowledge of financialsystems, allowed me to confidently deal with the customer. I introduced thefinancial products available, and their characteristics. My supervisor laterclosed the deal, but was aware of my conduct which won me respect and morechances to work independently. Whilst working at this bank, conversations withmy colleagues enabled me to understand in greater depth why China is facing alack of credit. People in poorer areas have less access to credit, which is whythere is less investment. I feel that I now understand one of the biggest causesof the gap between rich and poor.
I have also taken part in a number of charity initiatives. In the summer of20xx, I worked for “Yixin Web” as an intern, joining a project called “warmschool house”. In Shaanxi province in China, gas poisoning caused a number ofchildren to lose their lives. Later, their school removed its coal stove, butlacked the funds to install a new heating system. Yixin Web raised 50,570RMB andsent out electric heaters to four schools in the area. Although the leaders fromYixin Web warned me that the area was desperately poor, but I was still shockedon arrival. The hills were bare. A local teacher told me that the soil in thehills had to be improved in order to plant crops there, but a lack of funds hadleft large areas desolate. The government has set out poverty alleviationpolicies providing interest free loans, but there are still many difficulties.The main problems stem from the lack of a holistic financial system.
Four-years of college life have helped me truly realize that finance shouldnot be used as a means for personal gain, but instead as a device to help liftpeople out of poverty. In the last 30 years China has developed rapidly, yet thegap between the rich and poor has widened. In order to improve this situation,the system needs to be reformed through policy ***ysis and the help of experts.On the basis of strong financial theories and excellent professional skills, Ihope to study an MPA program and go on to enhance my decision-making,***ytical, organizational and coordination abilities.
I truly hope to obtain a professional degree in MPA from Cornell UniversityGraduate School. I believe the Graduate School will help me balance study withmy life, such as the Student Governance-Cornell University Graduate andProfessional Student Assembly, which allows me to have many chances to dopractice. I very much appreciate and value how the school helps new studentsadapt to their new environment. This proves to me that Cornell University reallyfocuses on the students themselves. I am quite sure that what I will learn inCornell will give me everything I need to build my future career.
Yours,
xxx
Dear x,
Who am I? This is possibly the most ambiguous question, whereby a hiddendepth of meaning is drowned by a trivialized sense of simplicity. I could merelyreveal my name, but would that really portray who I was? “We become ourselvesthrough others” claims Vygotsky, but are we all just conformists? Are ourpersonalities just embedded in our genes? Do we act the way we do because wewant to? Is it free will which makes us who we are? Debates such as nature v.nurture and free will v. determinism fuel my desire to learn more about bothpsychology and philosophy.
My passion for philosophy was sparked when reading Mitch Albom’s “The FivePeople You Meet in Heaven”, which overrides logic and offers an alternative toreligious belief. The book itself left me highly motivated to pursuephilosophical inquiry in greater depth. Through studying A level psychology Ihave developed a particular interest in social psychology and the influencesocial pressures can have on behaviour whilst developing vital skills such asthe ability to critically ***yse a study or theory.
Aspects of each of my A level subjects have influenced my choice of degree.Open mindedness is essential when studying A level politics. The subject itselfspurs endless abstract thought, especially when concerning issues such as power.The curriculum has also enabled me to partake in structured debate with theability to articulate personal views being essential. In addition to oralcommunication, essay writing is also a key feature of the syllabus and my powersof expression are constantly evolving. My ability to ***yse and develop mywriting skills has been accelerated through studying English at higher level, mycurrent concentration upon metaphysical poetry and the underlying message behindabstract imagery. Studying AS level history has enabled me to investigate thedifferent reactions to political, social, cultural, religious and economicsituations.
I have been a prefect since 20xx and act as a role model to youngerstudents as well as being an ambassador for the school. I am a learning championwithin the History department whereby I work with students who requireadditional tutoring in order to successfully pass their GCSE’s. I have to bewell prepared and patient but find it rewarding when my tutee grasps theconcept. Last summer I was involved in the organization, development andsupervision of a lower school fun day. Being selected to lead a small group ofmy peers with the brief of organizing this year’s Post 16 Prom has helpeddevelop my confidence as it has involved visiting and selecting a venue,organizing catering, transport, publicity and the funding of the event.
Currently I work for a well established retail store; working has taught meto be flexible and adaptable as well as emphasizing the importance of timemanagement when working under pressure. An enthusiastic, trustworthy andapproachable manner is vital in the workplace in order to maintain the alreadyhigh standards expected of the store. Previously I was employed in directmarketing where I monitored the system operations and the dispatch of relevantpost and information. This role required me to work both in small teams andindependently as well as ap*ing my ICT skills in a real world situation.
I enjoy travelling and experiencing different cultures including theindividualist New York in comparison to the collectivist streets of Havana. I ama gregarious person and enjoy spending time with close friends engagingparticularly in shopping trips and social gatherings. I also regularly attendthe gym in order to achieve realistic self set goals.
As an outgoing person I feel I would be able to contribute to and gain froma psychology and philosophy dual course which I see as both challenging and anexciting journey whilst helping me to understand people’s beliefs, behaviour andidentity. That’s “who I am”, who are you?
Yours,
xxx
Dear xxx,
An experienced engineer of security printing with China’s Central Bank, Inow would like to scale higher intellectual heights by pursuing Ph. D. studiesin mechanical engineering at your university. I believe that my strongbackground in CAD has adequately prepared me to embark on this endeavor.
I have been working since 1996 for the People’s Bank of China, a Chineseversion of the Federal Reserve, at its unique research institute of securityprinting, with the responsibility of designing the Chinese currency and themachinery to produce it. By engaging me in a variety of projects, the jobafforded me ample exposure to cutting-edge developments in com*rtechnologies, particularly in CAD software. I have, for example, recentlyredeveloped a purchased CAD (Com*r Aided Design) software to make it moresuitable for our own purposes. By adding our own part/subassembly to thedatabase and make our own drawing criteria, we have achieved dramatically betterefficiency.
My job performance, which has won me professional respect from all of mycolleagues, was achieved thanks to the strong background I acquired as a studentin com*r science. My undergraduate GPA ranked first among the 63 students ofclassmates in mechanical department, for which I was awarded first-class andsecond-class prizes many times. My graduate GPA ranked among the top 4% of the105 students in my year, which won me the “San Hao” scholarship every yearduring the three years of my graduate studies.
Unlike many other Chinese students, who are content with performing well inexams, I made a point of learning through my own hands-on experiences. In theMaster’s program at the Beijing Institute of Printing, I gained an in-depthunderstanding of artificial intelligence, including expert system and geneticalgorithm, especially in neural network. For my thesis, I programmed amulti-level BP neural network with C language to ***yze my mathematical model,and applied much of my knowledge in optimization. I thus became able to programwith a host of different com*r languages, especially C++, with which I helpedmy graduate advisor to design a paper-cutting machine. To ***yze the mechanismstatically and dynamically, I programmed a software system to ***yze andemulate it on screen. In undergraduate studies, I had often programmed withFortran77 and the Basic language.
Upon the completion of my Master’s studies, I easily passed the doctoralrecord examination in CAD/CAM of Beijing University, one f the top universitiesin China. But I gave up the opportunity in order to gain more practicalexperience in the industry. The decision proved to be right, as it guaranteed mebetter access to sophisticated facilities, such as state-of-the-art personalcom*rs. With the People’s Bank of China, I have thus accumulated solidexpertise in many kinds of operating and application software systems,particularly in CAD. I now have a firm grip on the latest developments incom*r science in China.
The challenges I met and the successes I achieved at the People’s Bank havenot only endowed me with confidence but also fired off my desire to furtherimprove myself. I have enjoyed high-quality and efficient production with theuse of a kind of PC-based CAD software, MDT, developed by Autodesk Corporation.I now have a dream: some day, every person can design his favorite product withsome sort of CAD software, and then search for an ideal factory over high-speedinternet its production; and the factory will put specifications of the product,as it has received them via the high-speed internet into its CIMS, and out popsthe product, as designed, at the end of the factory’s production line. It is abeautiful dream for every engineer, but many difficulties the speed ofdata-transfer and how to manage the product data among CAD, CAM, CAPP and CAEsystems. These questions are fascinating, and I would like to come up with myown answers to them.
To prepare myself for advanced studies in your country, I have persisted inimproving my English proficiency. As demonstrated by my score of 700 (96%) inthe verbal section of GRE, I now have an adequate command of English forundertaking graduate studies in your program.
After carefully comparing the strengths of many universities, I find MercyUniversity particularly suited for my purpose. It has got the best combinationof quality faculty, many state-of-the-art facilities, and an intriguing academicenvironment. Currently, China still lags significantly behind Western countriesin mechanical engineering. I hope that, with a few years of graduate studiesunder your seasoned guidance, I will be able to return to my motherland and helpbring mechanical engineering in my country to international standards.
Although my ultimate objective is a Ph. D. degree, I am willing to do aMaster’s degree if necessary. In either case, I would like to concentrate mystudies in one or a combination of the following areas: CAD, CAM, CIMS, Com*rgraphics, Mechanical design, Mechanical manufacturing, Optimization, Artificialintelligence, and Robotics. Your favorable evaluation of my application will behighly appreciated.
Yours,
xxx
——出国留学奖学金类型 (菁华3篇)
德国的大学本身不设奖学金，通常是由德意志学术交流中心(DAAD)提供。资助对象绝大多数为已获得硕士学位后赴德留学的进修生或博士生，也包括联合培养的博士生。根据德中文化协议，这类奖学金的申请手续由德意志学术交流中心和*国家留学基金管理委员会(CSC)协商确定。
除此之外，德国还有许多规模不等的基金会，可以为外国留学生提供奖学金。比较著名的奖学金机构有：
洪堡基金会(Alexander-von-Humboldt-Stiftung)。该基金会成立于1860年，其基金的90%来源于德国联邦*，5%来源于地方财政，余下的5%来源于私人捐助。该基金会提供的奖学金通常只面对外国40岁以下的青年科学家，一般需有博士学位。每年有约500个奖学金名额。资助期为6到12个月。奖学金额1800到2300欧元，并有一些国际交通、配偶生活补助、德语培训等费用。该项奖学金每年3月、6月和11月评选。
埃伯特基金会(Friedrich Ebert Stiftung)。它资助的对象是学*成绩特别优秀、有科研成果和良好的德语基础，资助期为两年，去德国著名大学学*者都可以申请。
此外，能够提供奖学金的德国著名基金会还有“阿登纳基金会(Konrad Adenauer Stiftung e.V)”、“瑙曼基金会(Friedrich Naumann Stiftung)”、“大众公司基金会(Volkswagen-Stiftung)”等。
德国还有一些专项奖学金，如“新闻科系奖学金”、“焦点杂志奖学金”、“国际德文教师协会奖学金”等，并有一些宗教性的基金会。
德国的奖学金种类虽多，但其资助的对象一般都有专业或其他方面的限制，并不容易获得。在德国，能否获得资助，起决定作用的不是家庭经济状况，而是学*成绩是否优异。
此外，几乎没有任何一个基金会能够向申请者提供整个学*期间的资助。因此，打工便成为在德国的*留学生最常用也是最容易的一个来钱之道。
由于德国高等院校一般不提供直接的奖学金。因此向有关的高等院校递交奖学金申请没有多大意义。当然，有各种机构向外国留学生颁发奖学金。德国学术交流中心有最多的奖学金项目，然而一般来说只有德国大学高年级学生或者看其来自什么国家和学*何种专业，已完成该国大学学位研究生学*，并获得硕士学位的外国学生才能申请到奖学金。为得到其它奖学金所必须具备的前提条件各式各样。但一般来说奖学金的颁发主要依据学*成绩的优劣。德国外交机构和其它德国驻外机构，如歌德学院在各国的分院和德国学术交流中心驻外办事处会给咨询者提供这方面的信息。
到法国上大学首先要选择学校，因为在法国留学几乎不要对学校的奖学金抱有奢望。且不说名额极少(除了给公派和有限的专业)，就是数量也不敢恭维。与其说是奖学金，不如说是助学金，所以来法留学只能靠自力更生。
法国普通公立学校和私立学校的收费有着很大差别。一般普通公立大学只收注册费而不收学费。巴黎这类大学的注册费每年需110欧元左右，加上有限的医疗保险，应该说是所有能够来法留学的学生都能承受得起的。
而私立学校除了注册费照付，要命的是学费高得令人咂舌，好的高等师范、工程师学校或商校每年的学费要交7000至15000欧元不等，还不算书本费，这样的费用可不是作为工薪族的家长能应付的。
目前来法国读书的学生选择普通公立学校的占绝大多数，尤其是自费留学生，除了毕业文凭国家教委予以承认外，省钱是个非常重要的因素。选择普通私立学校的人不多，因为这类学校多为杂牌，回国也不易得到认可。真正进入著名私立大学的也不多，因为这类学校收费高，而且要通过考试竞争，智力水*和语言水*是两道很高的门槛，一般的留学生是很难逾越的。
留日学生奖学金，有到日本之前申办的和到日本后办理的两种，绝大多数为后者。日本奖学金对象大多为大学生和研究生，面向专科学校学生的奖学金很少，而以在语言学校学*的学生为对象的奖学金几乎没有。日本奖学金中极少有金额支付留学所需费用的奖学金，多数只不过负担生活费、学费的一部分。
日本设有各种留学生奖学金制度。除了日本文部科技省的'奖学金之外，还有各种民间奖学金，但名额和金额都不是很多。其中，日本文部科技省的奖学金最高，每月可以拿到16-18万日元，但名额很少，面向全国4年制大学本科生的，总共只有300个名额。各种民间的奖学金种类不少，但每种奖学金的名额不多，有的只有几名，所以很难申请到。有些奖学金是针对不同国家留学生的，没有所要求的国籍就不能申请。有的还规定每人每次只能享受一种奖学金，不能同时享受两种以上奖学金。除了每年按月支付的奖学金之外，还有一次性的奖学金。
一般情况下，不同种类的民间奖学金针对不同的学校。有些大学还拥有专门向本校留学生提供奖学金的网络，这些学校的留学生申请到奖学金的可能性就比较大。总之，各个大学的学生处会在申请奖学金期间贴出各种奖学金的种类、金额、申请资格、申请方法和截止时间等信息。留学生可根据自己的情况提出申请。
由于日本针对外国留学生的奖学金名额和数额都有限，70%以上在日本的留学生都没有机会拿到奖学金。所以，日本*规定在课外一定的时间内打工是合法的，其收入基本上够在日本的生活费用。因此，大多数留学生在紧张的学*之后，还必须为自己的生活费用和学*费用奔波。
——出国留学有哪些考试 (菁华3篇)
这三类考试的作用一致，都是测试学生的语言水*。学生出国读中学、本科或研究生，都要提交语言成绩。美国的大部分院校认可托福成绩，英国、澳大利亚等国的院校也认可托福成绩。
不久前，用于英国签证及移民的雅思考试(IELTS for UKVI)首次采用机考，但雅思口语考试的模式不会改变。英国文化教育协会*考试业务总监Tim Hood表示，人人对话的口语考试模式是有效检测学生英语口语能力的测评方式，可保证学生在真实自然的交流状态下发挥最佳水*。语言的本质是沟通，这在留学的学*和人际交往中非常重要。面对面的口语考试，可为学生提供真实的生活场景，帮助学生提前熟悉国外的学*生活。
托福、雅思的考试内容，很多是再现国外课堂真实情形。学生参加这几项考试，重在提升语言能力，而非靠技巧短期提分。学生出国后，会遇到需要和当地人使用流行词汇、用语和热点话题交流的情况。如雅思考试专注于评测真实生活场景的交流，而不是要求学生强记大量将来用不到的`专业学术词汇。
PTE学术英语考试和托福、雅思相比还很新，是7年前推出的国际性英语水*测试。考试所有程序包括报名、付费、修改考试时间、修改考试地点、查阅成绩以及后续的向申请大学寄送考试成绩单的服务安排均在网上完成。考试成绩5个工作日内网上可查，非常方便快捷。
GRE、GMAT和LSAT是三类申请国外研究生的入学测试，但测试方向不同。申请不同专业的学生要参加不同的考试。一般来说，申请理工类专业的学生要考GRE，部分院校教育等专业也要求提供GRE成绩;申请商科类专业要考GMAT;申请法学类专业要考LSAT。
想要进入名校、申请奖学金，除了需要不错的大学成绩(GPA)，GRE高分也是一项重要条件。虽然很多院校的招生简章对GRE的要求为“有GRE成绩”，但其实很多院校依靠GRE成绩评估学生的能力，预测学生是否能在未来的学业中有优秀的表现。
GMAT是Graduate Management Admission Test的缩写，目前被广泛用作工商管理硕士的入学考试，是当前最可靠的测试学生是否具备顺利完成工商管理硕士项目学*能力的考试项目，专门帮助各商学院或工商管理硕士项目评估申请人是否具备在工商管理方面继续深造学*的资格。
GMAT的主办方为GMAC，其成员包括世界各地许多知名的商学院。所以GMAT成绩获得全球各大商学院的普遍认可，是目前世界范围内申请攻读MBA时被普遍要求申请者提供的一个考试成绩。
LSAT是Law School AdmissionTest(法学院入学考试)的缩写，是由位于美国宾西法尼亚州的法学院入学委员会(Law School Admission Council，简称Law Services)负责主办的法学院入学资格考试。作为美国法学院申请入学的参考条件之一，LSAT成绩用于预估申请人在法学院的正确且合理的推论与判断能力、分析及评估能力，没有资格报考的限制。几乎所有的法学院都要求申请人参加LSAT考试。
在申请国外院校时，学生的SAT或ACT成绩即使再好，如果托福成绩不好，也不会被录取。托福是留学申请的基本语言成绩。那么，托福和SAT或ACT先考哪个呢?刘佳佳建议，学生先学托福，达到85分或90分以上，再考SAT或 ACT。托福是语言能力测试，SAT、ACT考查逻辑思维能力，难度更大。
托福成绩85分以上，或托福的阅读和写作两项总分40分以上的学生，可开始准备ACT考试。如果托福成绩在90分以上，学*ACT会更加得心应手。ACT和托福的阅读、写作有互相促进作用。学完ACT后，学生掌握的词汇量更大，逻辑更严谨，对托福阅读和写作的帮助也很大。
此外，托福80分至100分是很多学校要求的基本入学成绩。这个成绩也可保证学生出国后能在语言沟通方面没有太大问题。
——出国留学的作文 (菁华3篇)
We all know it can be a frustrating and sometimes painful experience going to study in a foreign country， with its different language and culture. But while overseas study has its drawbacks， the difficulties are far outweighed by the advantages. Indeed， people who go abroad for study open themselves up to experiences that those who stay at home will never have.
The most obvious advantage to overseas university study is real-life use of a different language. While a person can study a foreign language in his or her own country， it cannot compare with constant use of the language in academic and everyday life. There is no better opportunity to improve second-language during one’s studies offers a distinct advantage when one is ap*ing for jobs back home that require the language.
On a university campus， the foreign student is not alone in having come from far away. He or she will likely encounter many others from overseas and it is possible to make friends from all around the world. This is not only exciting on a social level， but could lead to important overseas contacts is later professional life.
Finally， living and studying abroad offers one a new and different perspective of the world and， perhaps most important， of one’s own country. Once beyond the initial shock of being in a new culture， the sutdent slowly begins to get a meaningful under. Standing of the host society. On returning home， one inevitable sees one’s own country in a new， often more appreciative light.
At last， while any anxiety about going overseas for university study is certainly understandable， it is important to remember that the benefits offered by the experience make it well worthwhile
我们都知道，它可以是一个令人沮丧的，有时是痛苦的经历去到国外学*，以其不同的语言和文化。但是尽管出国留学有其弊端，困难是远远超过了优势。事实上，那些出国留学经历那些呆在家里。
最明显的优势，以海外大学学*是真实的使用一种不同的语言。当一个人在学*一门语言，在他或她自己的国家，它无法与不断的使用语言的学*与生活中。没有更好的机会来改善二语在一个人的研究提供了一个明显的优势之一是求职时回家需要的语言。
在大学校园里，外国学生”并非来自很远的地方。他或她可能会遇到很多其他人来自海外及有可能来自世界各地的朋友。这不仅是对一个社会的水*，激动人心，但可以导致重要的联系是后来的职业生涯海外。
最后，在国外居住和学*提供了一个全新的视角的世界，也许最为重要的是，对自己的国家。一旦超过最初的震惊的是在一个陌生的文化中，sutdent慢慢地开始有意义。站在主机的社会。回到家，看到一个不可避免的在一个新的，通常更珍惜光明。
最后，当任何忧虑出国学*当然是可以理解为大学，重要的是要记住这个福利的经验使它很有价值的。
Nowadays, studying abroad is very popular for Chinese students. With the development of economy, many families have the money to provide better education to their kids and they choose to send their children to receive foreign education. This is the trend and students must notice some problems to better adjust to the new environment.
如今，*学生出国留学这种教育方式深受人们的欢迎。随着经济的发展，许多家庭有金钱为他们的孩子提供更好的教育，他们选择送他们的孩子去外国接受别国的教育。这是趋势，不过在出国留学前，学生必须注意一些问题，这样才能更好地适应新环境。
First, mastering the basic English is very necessary. A lot of students give up learning English and only treat it as the subject that is forced to learn. As the common language is English while studying abroad, the foreign universities have the language level test. So learning English well is the necessary way to receive foreign education.
首先，掌握基本的英语是十分必要的。很多学生放弃学*英语，只把它当作是被迫学*的一门学科。出国留学共同的语言就是英语，而且外国大学有语言水*等级测试，所以学好英语是接受外国教育的必要方式。
Second, it is of great importance to study something about the culture shock. When a student goes abroad, he will meet different culture. If he has prepared for this, he can solve the problems and better communicate with the local people. What’s more, he can also get used to the strange environment.
第二，重视学*有关文化冲击方面的知识。当一个学生出国后，他会遇到不一样的文化，如果他事先有准备，就可以把问题解决，更好的与当地人交流。更重要的是，还能适应陌生的环境。
It is better to make full preparation before students study abroad. If they are good at English and have some knowledge about the local culture, they will be strong to deal with problems.
学生出国留学前最好充分准备。如果他们擅长英语也能掌握一些当地文化的知识，他们在处理问题时就会顺利很多。
Today more and more people want to ap* for studying abroad as economy develops constantly. Because people think they can accept better education.
However, there are still many controversies about the issue. Some people agree with the idea, because there is no doubt that you can go through more different things and know more different knowledge. It is also a good chance for them to learn foriegn language because they can have more time to communicate with foriegn people. But others think studying abroad will cost a lot unnecessarily and finally effect is also unknowable. It is more important for sudents to have a good attitude of studying but place.
As is saying goes:" Every coin has two sides. "Whether to choose to study abroad depends on your own situation.
——出国留学英语信 (菁华3篇)
To Whom It May Concern:
This letter is to serve as my formal recommendation for Andrew Fuller. Andrew has been my direct assistant for several years. He has been interested in obtaining an MBA degree for some time now and I feel that he would be an excellent candidate for your esteemed program.
During his time here, Andrew has consistently demonstrated a strong work ethic and a
dedication to success. His efforts have produced high quality results time and time again. Last year, Andrew developed and successfully implemented a plan to streamline our production department. The plan was a major undertaking, requiring a great deal of thought and effort on Andrew’s behalf.
Though Andrew is my assistant, he is also in an unofficial leadership role. Many of his co-workers seek his advice and support. Andrew is always there for them and is quite
comfortable in the role. I feel his budding leadership abilities will become even more effective in a business school setting.
For these reasons, I highly recommend Andrew Fuller as a candidate for your MBA program. If you have any questions regarding Andrew or this recommendation, please contact me.
Sincerely,
John Thomas Operations Manager Tri-State Directories
Dear Sir or Madam:
Mr.Newman Song was one of the undergraduate students whom I taught and my research assistant in my research programs.
My close contact with Mr.
Song and my relatively deep understanding of his character and his academic performance qualify me as the most appropriate person to recommend this promising young man who is currently ap*ing for a degree program at your university.
As adviser of Mr.
Song's graduation design, I collaborated with him for more than one year.
In this process, Mr.
Song left a very deep impression on me.
He possessed a profound understanding of the nature of mechanical engineering.
Moreover, he is rigorous in his scientific mentality and perseverant in his research stamina.
He distinguished himself from his fellow students by his exceptional capability in making important findings.
All those precious qualities are incorporated in his graduation design.
For his graduation design, Mr.Song concentrated on The Surface Alloy Treatment of the Cylinder Piston Ring of Desert Vehicles by Laser, which was a major challenge for an undergraduate.
The project involved a considerable amount of knowledge outside his area of specialization.
In order to ensure the successful execution of the project, Mr.
Song consulted a large amount of technical literature in those related fields and acquired all the necessary background knowledge for undertaking his research.
The project called for substantial fieldwork and experimentation and Mr.
Song tried his best to be meticulous in every detail.
He was independently responsible for the laser treatment of the product, a crucial step in the entire project, and the subsequent sampling and testing.
His personal efforts contributed importantly to the final consummation of the program.
Equally impressive is Mr.Song's innovative spirit.
During the research, he came up with quite a few valuable and constructive suggestions.
I incorporated almost all of his suggestions into the actual research.
The effectiveness of those important advices has been fully demonstrated in practice.
Another important factor that contributed to his research success is his readiness to cooperate with others.
He is adept at interpersonal communications coordination.
Consequently, all the problems that occurred in the process were smoothly and speedily worked out.
On the basis of his heretofore prominent performance, I fully believe that Mr.
Song is replete with potentials which will enable him to adapt to his future academic environment at your university.
With all the excellent research facilities and invaluable instructions by the renowned professors that your university provide,
Yours Faithfully
Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Supervisor of Ph.D Program
Tsinghua University
Dear Admissions Commi*:
Among all the students who have received my instruction in the courses of “International Marketing” and “Strategic Management” at ABC University, Mr. John Doe is one of the few who stood out and left with me a positive impression. Therefore, I am confident to recommend this young man to your prestigious MBA program.
John is a bright and aggressive individual who possesses a strong motivation to learn and excel in his course work. Unlike most of his peers, who gained knowledge merely from school lecturing, John would spend a great amount of efforts and time in reading outside articles and textbooks and share his ideas with the class. In addition, as an open- minded individual who never let go any learning experience, John often came to me discussing various questions and problems he encountered in his coursework.
I would like hereby to draw upon an instance that I believe fully exemplifies John's academic ability. While attending my class he presented an excellent report focusing on the research of the European Community (EC), in which he shared with us his careful observations on EC, and proposed a number of innovative suggestions for Taiwanese industries that wished to gain successful presence in that market. Having noticed his superior ability to conduct independent research studies and to support his arguments with logical quantitative ***yses, I recommended John to submit his paper to the Accounting & Statistics Quarterly published by the Executive Yuan of R.O.C.. Needless to say, John has acquired very high marks in both of my courses.
The very positive impression made by John has been repeatedly re- enforced by his strong performance in various extracurricular activities. John has managed to earn full confidence from me in his sound managerial potential by demonstrating an intelligence, aggressiveness, and leadership quality in both academic and extracurricular contexts.
In general, I consider John a very promising applicant to your esteemed MBA program. I have the least reservation on his potential to succeed in his future educational as well as professional pursuit, and will be more than happy to discuss with you any * pertaining to this reference letter.
Sincerely yours
——出国留学实*证明 (菁华3篇)
留学证明
实*证明材料是出国留学申请的辅助补充性材料，非必要材料，一般有实*工作经历的学生，建议提供实*证明。准备出国留学实*证明不建议列明详细的工作内容，建议尽可能简洁明了，重点突出，说明个人基本信息、实*单位名称、实*岗位、实*起止时间、实*工作表现以及实*证明人即可。
实*证明内容要尽可能简洁明了，因为实*工作内容可以直接体现在CV里面，所以不需要在实*证明里面再重复一遍。一般实*证明的中英文内容体现在一页A4纸上，中英文均需盖实*单位公章。
除了实*证明，出国留学一般需要准备好学术材料和文书材料，如学历证明、成绩单、个人陈述、推荐信、个人简历、语言成绩单等材料，部分专业会要求提供GMAT/GRE成绩、作品集。
学历证明可以是在读证明，或者是毕业证学位。学术成绩是出国留学申请的硬性材料，也是招生官重点考核的材料，学术成绩越高越有机会申请到好的院校。此外出国留学一般都需要提供合格的语言成绩证明，比如雅思、托福成绩单。
推荐信是出国留学申请必备材料，大多数学校都要求申请人提供2-3封推荐信。推荐信一般是学术推荐信和实*推荐信，需要从推荐人的角度说明申请人的学术和工作能力，可以找学校的教授或老师撰写。此外个人陈述和个人简历（也就是我们常说的PS和CV）也可以成为很好的补充说明材料。
基础材料
1、成绩单和GPA换算说明
（1）如果学校有自己的模板，使用学校的模板即可。如果学校没有模板，就用学校抬头纸打印成绩单，落款加盖公章，封到学校的官方信封中，并在两侧封口处加盖学校公章。
成绩单需要翻译成英文，可分为两页或中英文对照也可以。
以备不时之需，建议成绩单的数量最好比申请的学校数量多3-5份。
（2）由于各大学的GPA换算标准不同，所以提供成绩单的时候需要附上本校的均分和GPA换算说明，并签署有效签名和公章。
所有成绩单和GPA计算说明都应该有中英文对照版本的，最好同时加盖公章并将其封入学校的`官方信封中，然后再在封口上盖上封签章。
（3）有些国家的学校要求成绩单要从学校寄出，对这点大家一定要特别注意，看看要申请的院校是否有此要求。如果没有，直接将成绩单和其他材料一起寄出即可。
（4）越来越多的学校（尤其是美国高校）倾向于要求国际学生办理成绩单认证（如WES、ECE、教育部认证），以确保学生成绩的真实性。
然而，认证通常需要很长时间，一般要1-2个月。所以建议确认申请学校的要求并提早办理，以免错过最佳申请时间。
2、标化考试成绩单
（1）标准化考试主要可分为两类
第一类是雅思或托福等语言测试成绩单及寄送；第二类是GMAT或GRE等研究生入学考试成绩单及寄送。
除了美国的TOP60的名校外，并不是所有的大学都要求GMAT或GRE等研究生入学考试成绩，但是提交一个好的G类成绩，通常会增加你的竞争力或获得奖学金的机会。
（2）保留官方成绩单，以便网申的时候上传
除了保留官方成绩单外，根据申请学校的要求，还必须提前进行官方送分，即通过考试机构将成绩寄送给要申请的学校。
一般来说，官方送分需要一定的时间，所以建议在提交申请前2-4周进行官方送分。
3、在读证明或毕业证、学位证
（1）如果你毕业了，毕业证和学位证一定不要忘记开具英文版本的。应届生的在读证明必须是学校出具的官方文件，一般标准包括学校logo、盖章和签字，还需要中英文对照版本。
（2）中途如有学籍异常的情况，如转学或gap year等，最好在学校开具相关的证明来说明情况，并加盖学校公章。
但是，如果有特殊国际经历的，比如海外summer school、游学或交换等，请记得在申请材料中反映出来并告知学校，这也是一种加分项。
4、实*或工作证明
对于大部分应届申请者来说，工作经验不是必须的。然而，在申请MBA的过程中，这个项目确实是非常重要的，MBA一般都会有工作年限的要求。
申请人如需提交实*证明，必须附上单位负责人姓名、电话号码和单位公章，因为学校完全可能会联系公司进行背景调查。
5、各种获奖证明
获奖情况和社团经验主要是锦上添花，包括各种获奖证书、科研项目经验、志愿者证书等，这些都可以显示你的综合能力。
此项并没有强制性要求，申请时可以选择与申请项目相关的高质量奖项进行显示。
6、护照或身份证等身份证明
（1）护照第一页的复印件：如果护照曾经延期或更换过，需要把护照第二页上注明护照延期和更换的页面也复印下来，请确保复印件的清晰。
（2）自20xx年4月1日起，大陆居民可在全国任何出入境管理窗口办理中华人民共和国普通护照、来往港澳通行证。
文书材料
1、简历CV
简历是整个文书环节中最客观的存在，可以使申请学校快速判断学生的水*。对学生有一个大概的印象。
因此，学术申请简历最好在两页左右，并且应该向教授清楚地展示自己的教育背景、成就、学术成就、项目经验、工作/社会经验和优势等，以便教授能够对你有一个全方位的初步预判和认识。
2、个人陈述PS/Essay
（1）申请材料中最核心、最关键、最重要的部分之一。这是一封对梦校和专业的表白信，一般需要1000字左右，需要特别、具体、真实、生动和感人。
你不仅要表达你对学校专业的忠诚和热爱，还要结合你的经历，写出你对该专业的深刻见解。此外，你还应该展示你的精神状态和职业规划，展示专业对你未来的附加值和你对专业的附加值。
（2）部分专业还会要求Essay，如美国的商科，需要提前了解清楚题目和要求。
这两者也是申请过程中非常重要的环节，需要学生挖掘自己人生中具有重大意义的转折点或事件，用真实的情感把故事讲述出来，重视个人成长，重视细节和感悟，重视思考和转变，对个性化有极高的要求。
3、推荐信RL
英国、香港和澳大利亚通常要求两封推荐信左右，有些学校会提供学校专门的表格和问卷，有些没有模板，有些是由推荐人另行用信纸写，并附上亲笔签名和日期。
根据学校的要求，选择纸质寄送还是教授邮箱发送。推荐人的选择可以是了解你的业内学术大佬、单位领导或大学教授，并且需要与你的申请专业有一定程度的相关性。
留学证明
实*证明材料是出国留学申请的辅助补充性材料，非必要材料，一般有实*工作经历的学生，建议提供实*证明。准备出国留学实*证明不建议列明详细的工作内容，建议尽可能简洁明了，重点突出，说明个人基本信息、实*单位名称、实*岗位、实*起止时间、实*工作表现以及实*证明人即可。
实*证明内容要尽可能简洁明了，因为实*工作内容可以直接体现在CV里面，所以不需要在实*证明里面再重复一遍。一般实*证明的中英文内容体现在一页A4纸上，中英文均需盖实*单位公章。
除了实*证明，出国留学一般需要准备好学术材料和文书材料，如学历证明、成绩单、个人陈述、推荐信、个人简历、语言成绩单等材料，部分专业会要求提供GMAT/GRE成绩、作品集。
学历证明可以是在读证明，或者是毕业证学位。学术成绩是出国留学申请的硬性材料，也是招生官重点考核的材料，学术成绩越高越有机会申请到好的院校。此外出国留学一般都需要提供合格的语言成绩证明，比如雅思、托福成绩单。
推荐信是出国留学申请必备材料，大多数学校都要求申请人提供2-3封推荐信。推荐信一般是学术推荐信和实*推荐信，需要从推荐人的角度说明申请人的学术和工作能力，可以找学校的教授或老师撰写。此外个人陈述和个人简历（也就是我们常说的PS和CV）也可以成为很好的补充说明材料。
基础材料
1、成绩单和GPA换算说明
（1）如果学校有自己的模板，使用学校的模板即可。如果学校没有模板，就用学校抬头纸打印成绩单，落款加盖公章，封到学校的官方信封中，并在两侧封口处加盖学校公章。
成绩单需要翻译成英文，可分为两页或中英文对照也可以。
以备不时之需，建议成绩单的数量最好比申请的学校数量多3-5份。
（2）由于各大学的GPA换算标准不同，所以提供成绩单的时候需要附上本校的均分和GPA换算说明，并签署有效签名和公章。
所有成绩单和GPA计算说明都应该有中英文对照版本的，最好同时加盖公章并将其封入学校的官方信封中，然后再在封口上盖上封签章。
（3）有些国家的学校要求成绩单要从学校寄出，对这点大家一定要特别注意，看看要申请的院校是否有此要求。如果没有，直接将成绩单和其他材料一起寄出即可。
（4）越来越多的学校（尤其是美国高校）倾向于要求国际学生办理成绩单认证（如WES、ECE、教育部认证），以确保学生成绩的真实性。
然而，认证通常需要很长时间，一般要1-2个月。所以建议确认申请学校的要求并提早办理，以免错过最佳申请时间。
2、标化考试成绩单
（1）标准化考试主要可分为两类
第一类是雅思或托福等语言测试成绩单及寄送；第二类是GMAT或GRE等研究生入学考试成绩单及寄送。
除了美国的TOP60的名校外，并不是所有的大学都要求GMAT或GRE等研究生入学考试成绩，但是提交一个好的G类成绩，通常会增加你的竞争力或获得奖学金的机会。
（2）保留官方成绩单，以便网申的时候上传
除了保留官方成绩单外，根据申请学校的要求，还必须提前进行官方送分，即通过考试机构将成绩寄送给要申请的学校。
一般来说，官方送分需要一定的时间，所以建议在提交申请前2-4周进行官方送分。
3、在读证明或毕业证、学位证
（1）如果你毕业了，毕业证和学位证一定不要忘记开具英文版本的。应届生的在读证明必须是学校出具的官方文件，一般标准包括学校logo、盖章和签字，还需要中英文对照版本。
（2）中途如有学籍异常的情况，如转学或gap year等，最好在学校开具相关的'证明来说明情况，并加盖学校公章。
但是，如果有特殊国际经历的，比如海外summer school、游学或交换等，请记得在申请材料中反映出来并告知学校，这也是一种加分项。
4、实*或工作证明
对于大部分应届申请者来说，工作经验不是必须的。然而，在申请MBA的过程中，这个项目确实是非常重要的，MBA一般都会有工作年限的要求。
申请人如需提交实*证明，必须附上单位负责人姓名、电话号码和单位公章，因为学校完全可能会联系公司进行背景调查。
5、各种获奖证明
获奖情况和社团经验主要是锦上添花，包括各种获奖证书、科研项目经验、志愿者证书等，这些都可以显示你的综合能力。
此项并没有强制性要求，申请时可以选择与申请项目相关的高质量奖项进行显示。
6、护照或身份证等身份证明
（1）护照第一页的复印件：如果护照曾经延期或更换过，需要把护照第二页上注明护照延期和更换的页面也复印下来，请确保复印件的清晰。
（2）自20xx年4月1日起，大陆居民可在全国任何出入境管理窗口办理中华人民共和国普通护照、来往港澳通行证。
文书材料
1、简历CV
简历是整个文书环节中最客观的存在，可以使申请学校快速判断学生的水*。对学生有一个大概的印象。
因此，学术申请简历最好在两页左右，并且应该向教授清楚地展示自己的教育背景、成就、学术成就、项目经验、工作/社会经验和优势等，以便教授能够对你有一个全方位的初步预判和认识。
2、个人陈述PS/Essay
（1）申请材料中最核心、最关键、最重要的部分之一。这是一封对梦校和专业的表白信，一般需要1000字左右，需要特别、具体、真实、生动和感人。
你不仅要表达你对学校专业的忠诚和热爱，还要结合你的经历，写出你对该专业的深刻见解。此外，你还应该展示你的精神状态和职业规划，展示专业对你未来的附加值和你对专业的附加值。
（2）部分专业还会要求Essay，如美国的商科，需要提前了解清楚题目和要求。
这两者也是申请过程中非常重要的环节，需要学生挖掘自己人生中具有重大意义的转折点或事件，用真实的情感把故事讲述出来，重视个人成长，重视细节和感悟，重视思考和转变，对个性化有极高的要求。
3、推荐信RL
英国、香港和澳大利亚通常要求两封推荐信左右，有些学校会提供学校专门的表格和问卷，有些没有模板，有些是由推荐人另行用信纸写，并附上亲笔签名和日期。
根据学校的要求，选择纸质寄送还是教授邮箱发送。推荐人的选择可以是了解你的业内学术大佬、单位领导或大学教授，并且需要与你的申请专业有一定程度的相关性。
_______(身份证号：______________________)____大学____专业____级学生，于20xx年x月x日至20xx年x月x日在我公司实*。该生在我公司实*期间能够将在所学的理论知识灵活应用到实际工作中去，虚心请教，善于思考，发扬团队精神，对工作高度负责任。综合素质好,业务能力强,政治表现好。
特此证明
公司盖章
20xx年x月x日
——出国留学的信 (菁华3篇)
本人应**大学**学院**级**专业**同学请求，推荐该生到**大学进行研究生阶段的学*。
该生于**年**月进入**大学**学院进行学*，学*成绩一直非常优秀，在专业名列前茅。本人曾于该生本科阶段的学*时，担任其**及**课程的授课教师，在与该生的课内、课外互动中，对其印象极为深刻。 初见该生，个性内敛，但勤于思考，善于提问。经过与该生的多次交流之后，可以发现，她有较强独立思考的能力，比如：在教授其**课中，该生能对书中的模型持怀疑的态度，并能指出其不完善之处；该生具备一定的科研工作能力，曾经参与“挑战杯”大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛，并取得了优异的成绩。
通过批阅该生的课程论文，我了解到，该生已具备扎实的专业基础，具备了熟练分析经济问题的能力，而且比较熟练的掌握了经济学方面的研究方法与范式，能够在分析问题时恰当地使用经济学的语言。 该生综合表现突出，并对财政学理论有着浓厚的兴趣，故予以推荐，望审核通过。
xx学校的朋友：
您好！我是柳红红的导师xxx，柳红红同学是我最欣赏的学生之一。她最吸引我的是她的学*天赋与上进心，她是我见过的最聪明的学生，学*成绩卓著，人文科学与自然科学同样精通。更为难得的是她从不妄自尊大、自以为是，依旧刻苦地对待每一项学*任务，力争成为整个团队中的最佳。体现了她对自己和爱她的人负责的态度。
*有句俗话：梅花香自苦寒来，经过她持之以恒地付出，她的语言表达能力、活动的组织能力、与人的沟通能力、独立研究能力都非常突出，连续获得学校三好学生。特别是对英语，她具有天生的天赋与逐渐培养起的热情，据我所知，她的雅思成绩非常高，并获得许多中学生英语竞赛的.奖项。能在英语国家学*，是她很久以前的梦想，为此她早已经作好了准备。我总是情不自禁的感慨：她说的英语与我说的汉语一样棒！
姜不光是我的学生，还是我的朋友。因为她的个性与理想深深的吸引了我。她总是无私地为团队奉献自己的聪明才智，主动为大家服务，任劳任怨，不计较个人得失，成为我们眼中的英雄。她又非常幽默乐观，用她微笑传递给大家一天的好心情。她又是一名体育健将，长跑、游泳、野外探险是她生活的一部分，从中她的意志得到了锻炼。我们交往非常愉快，她特别乐于与我一起分享她成长中的喜怒哀乐。还常常与我谈论电影艺术和旅游，美国的文化与风景深深地吸引了她，那里有她一个梦想。
真舍不得她离开祖国，但我尊重她的选择，相信她会学有所成，正如我相信我们的友谊天长地久一样。谢谢。
xx学校的朋友：
您好！我是柳红红的导师xxx，柳红红同学是我最欣赏的学生之一。她最吸引我的是她的学*天赋与上进心，她是我见过的最聪明的学生，学*成绩卓著，人文科学与自然科学同样精通。更为难得的是她从不妄自尊大、自以为是，依旧刻苦地对待每一项学*任务，力争成为整个团队中的最佳。体现了她对自己和爱她的人负责的态度。
*有句俗话：梅花香自苦寒来，经过她持之以恒地付出，她的语言表达能力、活动的组织能力、与人的沟通能力、独立研究能力都非常突出，连续获得学校三好学生。特别是对英语，她具有天生的天赋与逐渐培养起的热情，据我所知，她的雅思成绩非常高，并获得许多中学生英语竞赛的奖项。能在英语国家学*，是她很久以前的梦想，为此她早已经作好了准备。我总是情不自禁的感慨：她说的英语与我说的汉语一样棒！
姜不光是我的学生，还是我的朋友。因为她的个性与理想深深的吸引了我。她总是无私地为团队奉献自己的聪明才智，主动为大家服务，任劳任怨，不计较个人得失，成为我们眼中的英雄。她又非常幽默乐观，用她微笑传递给大家一天的好心情。她又是一名体育健将，长跑、游泳、野外探险是她生活的一部分，从中她的意志得到了锻炼。我们交往非常愉快，她特别乐于与我一起分享她成长中的喜怒哀乐。还常常与我谈论电影艺术和旅游，美国的文化与风景深深地吸引了她，那里有她一个梦想。
真舍不得她离开祖国，但我尊重她的选择，相信她会学有所成，正如我相信我们的友谊天长地久一样。谢谢。
