三段式 四段式
Para 1 Introduction Introduction
Para 2 Argument+ support evidence Argument + support evidence
Para 3 Conclusion Argument + support evidence
Para 4 Conclusion
* 在表达观点时，要记住一点，should之类不应用得太多，因为你是在阐述一个观点，这是主观的，不要太绝对，如果换作是中文，你一讲就是“你应该怎么样”? 读者会觉得，你在强迫他接受你的观点，可以用一些be likely to or may/might。
2. 连词，副词和短语的运用: 在有清晰的结构之后，要有连词把各个段落、句与句之间有机联结在一起。比如连词:hence; 副词:dramatically; 短语:be likely to
3. 用词的多样性. 常用的单词可多记几个同义词，这样在文章中读起来更舒服些。比如可能, may, perhaps, be likely to; 因此hence, thus, consequently, as a result. 重要important, vital, crucial 。
(二)写作中常用的连接词
表递进 In addition; and; as well as; besides (this/ that); furthermore; moreover; also; not only…but also; even
表层次 First(ly); initially; second(ly); to begin with; then; next
表结果 As a result; thus; therefore; consequently; then; hence
表转折 However; on the other hand; in spite of; despite; though; although; but; on the contrary; otherwise; whereas
表肯定 Obviously; certainly; of course; undoubtedly
表条件 If; unless; whether; provided that; for; so that; depending on
表定义 Refer to; mean; that is; consist of
表原因 Since; as; so; because (of); due to; owing to
表次序 Before; until; meanwhile; at the moment; when; as soon as; just as
表总结 In conclusion; in summary; to sum up; in short; briefly; in brief
表举例 For instance/example; such as
表对比 While; in contrast to; unlike; whereas; different from; on the other hand
表比较 Similarity; as…as; just as; in the same way; like; to have in common
(三)作文模板
1.以利与弊为重心的写作模板
1)三段式
Para 1 Introduction (对题目内容的说明)
e.g. With the rapid development of … (e.g. information technology/ economy/ people’s living standard), …
Para 2 Advantages and disadvantages and support evidence
e.g. As the old saying goes, every coin has two sides/ However，everything divides into two. This is not an exception. It also has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it has advantages. Firstly, … (Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, …(Argument+ support evidence). On the other hand, it also has disadvantages. Firstly, …(Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, …(Argument+ support evidence)
Para 3 Conclusion (可以直接重复前文所阐述过的东西; 也可以加上自己的观点)
e.g. In short, … has both its advantages and disadvantages. But I think…
2)四段式
Para 1 Introduction (对题目内容的说明)
e.g. With the rapid development of … (e.g. information technology/ economy/ people’s living standard), …As the old saying goes, every coin has two sides/ However，everything divides into two. This is not an exception. It also has its advantages and disadvantages.
Para 2 Advantages and support evidence
e.g. On the one hand, it has advantages. Firstly, …(Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, …(Argument+ support evidence).
Para 3 Disadvantages and support evidence
e.g. On the other hand, it also has disadvantages. Firstly, …(Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, …(Argument+ support evidence).
Para 4 Conclusion (可以直接重复前文所阐述过的东西; 也可以加上自己的`观点)
e.g. In short, … has both its advantages and disadvantages. But I think…
2. 以我的观点为重心的写作模板(主要是三段式)
Para 1 Introduction (对题目内容的说明)
e.g. With the rapid development of … (e.g. information technology/ economy/ people’s living standard), …
e.g. There is a (public/ general/ heated/ impassioned) debate/ discussion/ controversy nowadays over/ on / concerning the issue/ problem of … Those who criticize/ oppose/ object to … contend/ argue that … They believe that … But people who advocate/ favor/ are for …, on the other hand, maintain/ assert that …
e.g. Now it is commonly/ generally/ widely believed/ held/ accepted/ recognized that …Some people are of the opinion that …/Some people hold the belief/ view that …/Many people have the idea that … However, many others disagree that … Both sides of the question of whether …are well supported by sound reasons.
Para 2 State your standpoint (for or against); explanation to your standpoint and support evidence
可以在第一段末就表明自己的观点，也可以在第二段开头表明自己的观点。可以采用如下套句:
1. Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.
2. Personally, I stand on the side of …
3. As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the opinion that …
4. For my part, I completely agree with the former/ latter.
5. I fully agree with the statement that …
There are three reasons for this. /The reasons for this are as follows. / The reason for this is obvious. / The reason for this is that... /We have good reason to believe that... / The reasons are chiefly as follows.
Firstly, …(Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, …(Argument+ support evidence). Last but not the least, …(Argument+ support evidence).
Para 3 Conclusion
注:在阐述利与弊或自己的观点时要注意观点(论点)与论据相结合。论据最好是statistics与your experiences, examples, etc 相结合，交换使用。
1) 使用statistics: e.g.
1. According to a(n) survey/ investigation/ ***ysis/ statistics/ report released/ conducted/ made by …, there is a growing/ increasing/ declining number of … who/ which …
2. Once in a newspaper/ magazine, I hit upon ( came across) a/ the report that…
2)使用experiences & examples:
e.g. Firstly, shopping on the internet can save much time. According to a report released by the central government, shopping on the internet can save 56% time.(statistics) Secondly, shopping on the internet can save a lot of money. For instance, last week I bought a book on the internet. It costs me only 12 yuan. But if I buy it in a bookstore, I will have to spend 43 yuan.(experiences and examples)
写作常用套句--引言段
1. at present/ currently/ lately/ recently/ nowadays/ these years/ in the past several decades/ over the last several years
2. With the (rapid, marked, amazing, eye-catching, remarkable, fantastic) development/ progress/ growth/ advance/ improvement of economy/ society/ industry/ living standard, great changes have taken place in …
3. We are blessed with new opportunities and faced with new challenges.
4. As … develops,
5. Along with the development of …, more and more …
6. In the past few years, there has been a sharp growth/ boom/ decline in …
7. In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in …
8. Nowadays more and more people begin to realize/ be aware of/ notice the importance/ significance/ seriousness of the problem of… (e.g. education/ pollution/ unemployment).
9. There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for …
10. There is a (public/ general/ heated/ impassioned) debate/ discussion/ controversy nowadays over/ on / concerning the issue/ problem of … Those who criticize/ oppose/ object to … contend/ argue that … They believe that … But people who advocate/ favor/ are for …, on the other hand, maintain/ assert that …
11. Now it is commonly/ generally/ widely believed/ held/ accepted/ recognized that … They claim/ argue/ hold that … But I wonder/ doubt whether it …
12. Which is a better choice A, or B? Different people have different answers due to their respective point of view. However, I side with the opinion that A is far better than B, for several reasons addressed below.
13. Those who criticize/ oppose/ object to/ are against … contend/ argue/ hold that … But people who advocate/ favor/ are for …, on the other hand, maintain/ assert/ claim that …
3. 问题式
第四段表明要采取措施解决问题的必要性:
Given the bad effects X has given rise to, we find it compelling to do something to get it into control. Otherwise, nobody knows what it will be like if this problem continues to hang around us. The first priority is to … (一个具体的解决问题的措施, e.g. make the evil nature of X known to all people so that they would consciously guard against it. 或 increase, through education, the public awareness of the negative effects resulted from X.)
4.重要作用式(凡涉及某个等下对某些人很有用或有影响都可适用)
e.g. 电视已经成为我们生活中的一个重要内容;它对我们的意义在于:资讯、娱乐等
第一段表述X(X代表文中要求说明的内容)的重要性:
Many people tend to agree with me if I say that X makes a necessity for us to live a happy/decent/comfortable/convenient/interesting life. We are now seeing increasing existence of X in our life. The implications/uses of X can be illustrated as follows:
第二段论述X的第一个意义/好处:
Firstly, … (X的作用或意义)
第三段论述X的第二个意义/好处:
People are also talking about another implication/use of X….(X的另外一个意义或作用). It may not be as important as the first one. But any discussion about X without mentioning it will be an inadequate one.
5.解释模式
e.g. Practice Makes Perfect
第一段解释成语/俗语的意思:
“X” (X代表需要解释的内容) is frequently seen and used in our daily life. It seems that it is too commonly seen to be explained adequately. As far as I understand it, it means… (对X的具体解释).
第二段举例说明:
We have abundant examples in service of X in reality. I would in this passage pick up some of the most common ones. (举1到2个例子来说明)
6.夹叙夹议模式
e.g. The Day My Classmate Fell Ill (or Got Injured)/ Traffic Accident
1. 简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况;
2. 同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的 ;
3. 人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……
或:假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点:
1. 车祸发生的时间及地点;
2. 你所见到的车祸情况;
3. 你对车祸原因的分析。
第一段交代事件发生的时间、地点(有时包括天气等):
Although it has been a long time since X, it is still one of my most unforgettable memories. That was (时间地点). And it was(天气等).
第二段描述事件的具体情形(一般按照时间顺序)
第三段表达自己对时间的感想/看法/分析:
Similar incidents/accidents may happen every day in other places. But that experience does leave a deep impression on me. It is instructive to me as I learn from it that…(你的感想/看法)./I think the cause of this particular incident/accident is that… (你的分析)
Duties of this position will include: meeting with students as individuals and groups to discuss issues, opinions , problems ,complains suggestions and recommendations regarding all areas of college policy; presenting regularly oral and written reports to the Dean of students; and attending various college sessions in the capacity as the student spokesperson.
Candidates should be full-time students of this college. The ideal applicant will be skilled in report writing and oral communication;will get along with other individuals; and will demonstrate a strong sense of responsibility.
The salary of this position is 6000 RMB an academic year, and the time required for this job is 15 hours a week. Applicants can make a telephone call to Li Meng before Dec.23. The phone number is 74543322
模板一阐述观点
参考一：
When it comes to _______主题, Different people hold different attitudes to it.
Some people agree with the idea of 观点一.They point out the fact that _______阐述观点, and at the same time _______阐述观点. They also argue that _______换种形式阐述观点一. However, others don’t think so. They reckon that _______阐述观点二. They firmly point out that _______阐述观点.For example, _______举例子论证.
In a word I prefer the former或者later idea.(或者I hold the view that阐述自己的观点 )In addition to the mentioned phenomenon, _______根据自己的想法阐述观点.
参考二：
Recently,some cities are considering 主题词,which has raised people's concern.
Some people say that _______观点一. And _______继续阐述观点一. For example,_______此处可举一个常见的例子，_______更具有说服力. However, some others are opposed to the idea.They argue that 观_______点二.Besides, there are _______继续阐述观点二,for example, _______举与观点二相关的例子.
As far as I am concerned,I'm against the _______不赞同的观点.because _______原因,and _______原因.I believe we should _______做法.I think we all have responsibility to....
模板二优点与缺点
此模版适合Advantages/Disadvantages
People’s views towards the advantages and disadvantages of _______(主题词)vary greatly. Some believe/hold/think that _______(观点一)，while others argue support that _______(观点二).As for me,I agree to the former/latter idea because it’s advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
There are dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, _______(支持论点的理由一、证明理由一).
The second reason that can be seen by every person is that _______(支持论点的理由二).For example, _______(举例证明理由二).
From the above,we can easily see that _______(主题词)is beneficial to _______(总结理由一，二).
模板三观点论述
三段法结构：
首段：提出要论证的观点
第二段：通过举例的方法论述观点
末段：进一步表明观点的正确与否
In the above picture appear _______(描述图片内容) .
It reflects two distinct _______(图片所反映的表面现象)，which arise from different attitudes toward _______(图片表达更深层次的含义). On the left represents those who are _______,seeing _______.With this attitude,_______ .In contrast,_______ on the right_______(行为或做法)，regarding _______.Such attitude has an energizing effect,leading to enormous success in _______.For example,_______ .
As Seneca,an ancient Roman philosopher,once put it,“Almost any situation -----good or bad -----is affected by the attitude we bring to.”Therefore,it is advisable to _______.
名言为古罗马哲学家西尼加所说：“任何一种处境，无论好坏，都受到我们面对处境的态度的影响。”
在这里，名言警句可以根据具体所写内容所替换。所以，在准备的时候，多背几个名人的名言对我们写作是很有帮助的。
模板四观点论证
三段法：
开始段：提出观点
中间段：对观点进行论证
结尾段：总结观点，或具体做法
As is show in the picture, _______图画内容.The caption indicates, _______图画标题.The drawing,thought-provoking as it is,does mirror a current social phenomenon _______图画主题.
It is generally agreed upon that _______图画主题.On the one hand, _______原因1.On the other hand, _______原因2.What’s more, _______原因3 ._______图画的主题 has been attached much importance to.
To sum up,it is significant for people to _______结论.In my opinion,it is necessary to _______措施.As a result,we can _______预期目标 .
模板五问题解决
三步法:
开始段:说明现阶段存在的问题
中间段:分析问题产生的原因，和可能导致的后果
结尾段:提出解决方法
Nowadays one of the serious problems China is faced with is _______存在的问题.According to a survey, _______调查结果.Therefore,it is clear that _______存在的问题 has been getting more and more serious.
Take _______举例对象 for example .To account for the phenomenon,people have come up with various causes as listed below.On the one hand, _______原因一 .On the other hand, _______原因二 .
There is no doubt the issue has exerted harmful effects on _______问题的`影响以及后果.Therefore,some measures should be taken to put an end to this problem.To begin with, _______措施一.In addition, _______措施二 .Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
模板六给定观点
Nowadays，with _______现象，people are becoming increasingly aware of the significance of _______主题词.In my point of view, _______标题变成陈述句.There are numerous reasons to support my point of my view,and I would explore only a few of the most importance ones here.
On of the primary causes is that _______支持论点的理由一.As the saying goes,_______引用名言证明理由一 .
Another reason that can be seen by every person is that _______支持论点的理由二，阐释理由二 .
Taking into account of all these factors，we may draw the conclusion that_______重述标题观点或论点.Therefore, _______提出意见或建议 .
模板七现象阐述
As is symbolically depicted in the drawing above, _______图画内容 .
Sim*** designed as the drawing seems to be ,it does reveal that _______图画想表达的主题以及产生的原因 .
What the picture conveys goes far beyond this.Therefore,I strongly hold that_______解决办法一/观点一 .It is also of great significance to _______解决办法二/观点二 .Most importantly, _______解决办法三/观点三 . _______(可以是提出解决办法)
模板八彻底批判类型
With the prosperity of economy in modern society, _______主题 has become a problem we have to face.The problem reflected is not rare nowadays,as we always read news that _______新闻出处 .Reasons why this kind of _______现象 occurs from time to time are various.One of possible causes is _______原因 .It is also owing to the fact that .
In any causes,however, _______这种事情可能会出现的原因 could never be excuse for _______这种事情 .Hence citizens/the public should _______采取什么样的措施 to prevent _______这种事情的发生 from occurring.Additionally,efforts of individuals/one/the public should be supplemented by _______方法 ,for example,_______举例说明(可有可无) ,which would be of great significance to .
模板九理由阐述
参考一：
People _______主题 for a lot of different reasons. Some think It is good for , some other think It helps us .
_______理由一 is becoming more and more important to people. For many, this is the primary reason to _______主题 . Also, _______主题 is to _______理由二 . This often means having the opportunity to _______这样做的好处 . Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also _______主题 to _______理由三. For many, this will be their chance for a long time to _______这样做的好处.
I would recommend that people _______主题. They should _______做法 to _______这样做的目的一 and _______这样做的目的二 . Only by this way can we _______这样做的好处 .
参考二：
There is no denying that _______主题. We can easily find that _______举出一个主题相关类例子. _______用一到两句话对这个例子进行阐述。
There are two reasons that I think _______自己的观点. For one thing _______理由一._______阐述理由一, because _______理由一带来的好处. For another _______理由二. _______阐述理由二.
From my perspective of view, I do agree with _______主题. Because ......
1.绿色食品现在越来越受到消费者的青睐;
2.为什么绿色食品如此受欢迎;
3.绿色食品将有更大的发展空间。
Popularity of Green Food
Due to its high-quality and original tastes, green food appeals to more consumers. From supermmarkets to chain stores, green food is found everywhere.
Why is green food so popular even though its price is usually higher than other food? On the one hand, recently a series of issues on food safety makes customers disturbed and anxious. In order to have the reliable food, more housewives opt to select green food for their family. Green food has been labeled as a kind of healthy, delicious and fashionable food. This is perhaps the most important reason for the popularity of green food. On the other haod, with the advance in living standard, people will pay more attention to the quality of food and their raised income is enough to cover the expenditure of food with a comparatively high price.
With the development of the society, green food is certainly to hold a larger portion in the market. In the near future, people will be accustomed to enjoy the fresh vegetable, fruits and cereals without pesticide residues, artificial feed and contarnination.
绿色食品凭借它的高品质和天然味道，为众多消费者所钟爱。从大型超市到连锁店，到处能找到绿色食品的身影。
绿色食品的价格往往高于普通食品，为什么还能如此受欢迎呢?一方面，最*一系列的食品安全事件使消费者心有余悸。为了买到更值得信赖的食品，更多的家庭主妇选择了绿色食品。绿色食品已成为健康、美味和时尚食品的代表。这也许是绿色食品受欢迎的最重要的原因。另一方面，随着生活水*的提高，人们更关注食品的质量，而他们的收入也足以支付价格比较高的食品。
随着社会的发展，绿色食品必然在市场中占据更大的比例。在不久的将来，人们会*惯于品尝没有杀虫剂、人工饲料和污染的新鲜蔬菜、水果和谷物。
Directions:
Write a composition entitled Saving Wild Animals. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chiness.
1.野生动物的数量越来越少;
2.是什么原因造成野生动物的.数量越来越少;
3.保护野生动物的措施。
Saving Wild Animals
Tbere is an undeniable fad that the number of wild animals is declining faster than ever before. This problem is so serious that it has aroused great concem to explore some reasons for this phenomenon.
Tbere are several underlying factors for the declining number of wild animals. Firstly, with the fast development of human society, the environment is seriously destroyed and wild animals lose their habitats . Accordingly, some species become extinct or on the verge of extinction. What's more, people hunt wild animals for food and skin. A good case in point is that the Japanese have killed a lot of whales because they like to eat the meat. In addition, human beings are largely responsible for the pollution of natural environment, and poison wild animals in many ways.
The current problem, I believe, should be solved immediately. For one thing, our govemment should play a key role in making relevant rules and protecting wild animals. For anotber, the general public should be educated to value the existence of these animals on our planet. With the efforts of all concerned, more and more animals will be saved and protected.
有一个不可否认的事实，野生动物的数量正在以前所未有的速度下降。这个问题是如此严重，已经引起了极大的关注去探讨这种现象的一些原因。
野生动物数量的减少有几个基本的原因。首先，随着人类社会的快速发展，环境被严重破坏，野生动物失去它们的栖息地。因此，一些物种灭绝或濒临灭绝。更重要的是，人们捕猎野生动物以获取食物和皮毛。一个很好的例子是，日本人杀害了大量的鲸，因为他们喜欢吃肉。此外，对自然环境的污染，野生动物的毒害，人类在许多方面负有主要责任。
我相信，目前存在的问题应立即解决。一方面，我国**在制定相关规定和保护野生动物方面应当发挥关键作用。另一方面，要教育广大民众珍惜我们这个星球上的这些动物的存在。在有关方面的努力下，越来越多的动物将会得到保护。
Strengthening the Sense of Social Responsibility
1. 什么是社会责任感
2. 如何加强社会责任感
3. 呼吁：让我们肩负起自己的社会责任
【范文】
Strengthening the Sense of Social Responsibility
Each individual is closely related to and bears obligations to others - that is what we call social responsibility. The sense of social responsibility is very important to us. If everyone has a good sense of social responsibility, we can build a better social and a more prosperous country.
How can sense of social responsibilty be strengthened? To start with, children should be taught about good moral outlook, so that when they grow up, they become law-abiding and responsible citizens. Furthermore, the humanistic education is vital, especially for university students because they are the future pillars of our country. Last but no least, it is necessary to encourage people to care for others, help others through all kinds of propaganda.
If all the citizens have a sound sense of social responsibility, it is hopeful that the world will enjoy a better future. Therefore, let's take our social responsibility and contribute to our society.
——6月英语四级写作 (菁华3篇)
Dear_______,
My name is ________,and I_________.I am writing to____________.I will be very grateful if my application can be considered and accepted.
There are several factors contributing to my application. First of all,_________.Besides,__________.furthermore,___________.Therefore,_________.
I sincerely hope you will grant me _____________.If you need more information,fell free to contact me at any time by calling_____________.Thank you for your kind consideration and I am looking forward to hearing from you .
Sincerely yours,
_____________
Dear___________,
I am _______and I would like to ap* for the position of___________posted on________.I have attacheda copy of my resume for consideration.I believe my qualifications are ideal match for your requirements.
I am a major in_______,and I will graduate in___________.In addition to my experience of_____________,I_____________.I believe my education and experience__________.You will find me to be____________.I would appreciate your time in reviewing my enclosed resume and if there is any additional information you require, please feel free to contact me.It would be great if you give me an opportunity to meet you for interview.
Best regards.
__________
Dear____________,
____________at/in__________on___________.It would be a great pleasure to have you attend this event.
I am sure that you will be interested in_______.First,____________.Second,_______.Enclosed is the details of_____________.Your participation is very important because_____________.
The ____________will begin at____________.We do hope that you can make it .If not,would it be possible for you to drop us a line before_________?Thank you very much.
Best wishes.
___________
——大学英语四级写作 (菁华3篇)
The proverb “Haste Makes Waste”has been widelyaccepted for many years.It reminds us that if we areto achieve our goal we have to do it in a down-to earth way.The truth of it is deep andprofound.
There are numerous examples supporting this argument.A case in point is the ancientChinese story of “Helping the shoots grow by pulling.”This story proved that the hastecaused not only waste but great loss.For another example,some parents and teachers,in orderto improve children's academic performance in a short time,tend to put too heavy burden onchildren.This,as a result,brings the children nothing but great pressure.
All the above-mentioned tells us that we shouldn't be over anxious for quickresults.Everything has its own developing law.Therefore,whatever we do,we should not paytoo much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.
Nowadays piracy is becoming more and more of a problem in China. Almost any product, such as tape, CD and hi-tech device, can be copied. Shortly after a newly-developed product is put on the market, people will unsurprisingly find its pirated counterparts in the stores.
It should be paid attention to that piracy causing great harm. On the one hand, pirated products often sell well due to their unbeatable advantage in price in spite of their relatively poor quality, and the original ones, on the contrary, sell poorly. On the other hand, pirated products may also have negative impacts on customers since those legitimate producers’ enthusiasm may be greatly hurt as a result of money loss. Therefore, it is high time that we took measures to solve the problem as soon as possible.
First of all, stricter laws and regulations should be issued to punish piracy behaviors. Moreover, as customers, we should develop our consciousness to resist pirated products. Only in this way can this problem be solved radically.
We Shouldn't Totally Turn to the Internet
Nowadays,Internet has become an indispensable part in our life,and we use it for various purposes,such as searching useful information and chatting online.However,now more and more people turn to the Internet for help whenever they have trouble in finding solutions to their problems, and this phenomenon has aroused the public's attention.
Relying on the Internet to solve all our difficulties can have bad impacts on us.On one hand,since we can always settle the troubles by searching solutions online,we can become very lazy and don't bother to think up answers by ourselves,which can hinder the development of creative thinking.On the other hand,the answers online may be inaccurate or wrong.If we use them without thinking the credibility of them,we may make serious mistakes someday.
As far as I'm concerned,we shouldn't completely depend on the Internet to settle problems.When we come across some difficulties,we’d better try our best to find possible solutions.If we make great efforts and still can't come up with an answer,then we can surf online to search solutions.But we should question the correctness of these answers before we adopt them.
——大学英语四级写作通用5篇
For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying“Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission。” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning“。 You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
破题思路：
第一段： 解释引言内容。 提出文章的主旨 ： “学*的重要性”
第二段： 分析原因 此处可以结合例子。
第三段： 得出结论
此文章写作时可以全面参照有道考神四级写作课程中“功能句”的讲解。
参考范文：
Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission。 This is a proverb full of logic。 In other words， learning is significant in our whole life。 Indeed， we can learn many things from it。 If you understand it and ap*** it to your study or work， you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it。
There are many reasons which can explain this phenomenon and the following are the typical ones。 The first reason is that learning can light our road in the coming future。 There is no denying the fact that the society is developing increasingly fast and we are often easily surpassedby the people around。 The only way to avoid this is to learn to improve ourselves。 As an illustration， I’d like to take myself as an example。 After graduation from college，my life has been full of working pressure， which contributes to my decision of pursuing further education。 That’s why I can make my own way in such a competitive society。
The effect of learning can be boiled down to two major ones。 First， with the spirit of learning， we are more capable of overcoming the difficulties in the future。 More importantly， we can enrich our spare time life by learning。 No matter who you are， you must remember that learning is the basic skill in our life。
Directions：Reform of English Education
1.目前要求改革大学英语教育的呼声很髙
2. 产生这一现象的原因
3. 你认为应如何改革英语教育
【作文范文】
Reform of English Education
As college English education is greatly emphasized with the rapid development of global communication，tbe defects that exist in the current educational system are open to more criticism- It is widely acknowledged that a thorough reform of college English education should be under way.
People ask for English education reform mainly because of the Inadequacy of college English education under the current system. On the one hand, many coilege English teachers underestimate the role interest plays in English learning and keep preaching in class. On the other hand, under the current system, most Chinese students tend to separate vocabulary memorizing, grammar, Listening, speaking, reading, and writing ftom each other and therefore their English is also “broken” in this way. This has also greatly contributed to the “dumb English” of many Chinese students.
In my view, to reform English education, colleges and universities should encourage students to speak English in class and hold more activities to promote students' oral English. Teachers should focus on attracting students with vivid teaching and arouse students* enthusiasm in learning English. With the collaboration, the reform of college BngHsh education will surely yield pleatiful fitiits.
大学英语四级写作必备范文
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Keep Psychologically Healthy? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1.心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的.原因
2.分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因
3.你认为人们应如何保持心理健康
【范文】
How to Keep Psychologically Healthy?
One in four people will experience some kind of mental health problem in the course of a year. When you fail to manage these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses.
The causes of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another. In todays society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure. Others lack communication skills. In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.
There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy. Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something to make a change. Secondly, learn to relax yourself and take exercise to release the pressure. Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner or friend about your problem, or seek support and advice from a psychological consultant.
The proverb “Haste Makes Waste”has been widelyaccepted for many years.It reminds us that if we areto achieve our goal we have to do it in a down-to earth way.The truth of it is deep andprofound.
There are numerous examples supporting this argument.A case in point is the ancientChinese story of “Helping the shoots grow by pulling.”This story proved that the hastecaused not only waste but great loss.For another example,some parents and teachers,in orderto improve children's academic performance in a short time,tend to put too heavy burden onchildren.This,as a result,brings the children nothing but great pressure.
All the above-mentioned tells us that we shouldn't be over anxious for quickresults.Everything has its own developing law.Therefore,whatever we do,we should not paytoo much attention to the speed and ignore these laws.
英语四级写作范文与译文：
As the development of the mass media, we can have access to the instant news immediately. We can read the news by the Internet, it is the fastest way to get the first-hand information. To catch people’s attention, some media will exaggerate the facts, they always bring the false report. They should be punished.
A few days ago, it has been reported a Chinese woman dragged a foreigner’s clothes to ask him for compensating her bike. A pictured was posted in the news. People criticized this woman for behaving so rude in front of a foreigner. The woman couldn’t bear the pressure, she stood out and told the true that the foreigner beat her and said the rude words at her first. She was under the false scold.
The news was reported without further research, which brought great trouble to the woman. Many celebrities are facing the same situation, the media report their news by exaggerating the fact, just to catch the audience’s attention. Such act should be controlled to correct the journalists’ attitudes to the news report.
随着大众传媒的'发展,我们可以立即获得即时新闻。我们可以通过因特网看新闻,这是最快的获得第一手信息的方式。为了抓住人们的注意力,一些媒体夸大事实,总是带来错误的报告。他们应该受到惩罚。
几天前,据报道，一个中国女子拖着一个外国人的衣服，要求他赔偿她的自行车。新闻上配了图片。人们批评这个女人，因为她在一个外国人面前的行为是如此粗鲁。这个女子受不了压力,她站出去,说出真相，是外国人先打她,并且对她说粗鲁的话。人们错怪了她。
新闻报道没有经过进一步的调查, 给这名女子带来了巨大的麻烦。许多名人都面临着同样的情况, 新闻媒体通过夸大事实来进行报道,只是为了吸引观众的注意力。这样的行为应该控制，以此来端正记者对新闻报道的态度。
——大学英语四级 (菁华5篇)
【总分：710分】
一、英语四级作文
说明：写作部分占整套试卷的15% =106.5分
在这部分你要达到63.9分为及格。
时间：30分钟
二、听力部分 =248.5分
听力部分占整套试题的35%，除听力篇章外每个题都是7.1分。
1、短篇新闻 7% 共7小题（2,2,3），每小题7.1分。
2 、长对话 8% 8个题目（4,4）， 每小题7.1分。
3、听力篇章 20% 共10个小题（3,3,4），每小题14.2分。
时间：25分钟。在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对14个左右即可。
三、阅读理解 35% =248.5分
阅读部分占整套试题的35%，选词填空每题3.55分，其余每题都是7.1分。
1、选词填空 5% 10个题，每小题3.55分
2、长篇阅读 10% 10个题，每小题7.1分。（匹配）
3、仔细阅读 20% 10个题 共2篇，一篇5个题，每小题14.2分。
时间：40分钟 在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对18个左右即可。
四、翻译部分 汉译英 15% 30分钟 =106.5分
四级分数是不设分数线的，但是一般来说是425分算作及格，可以考六级，550分可以考口语。是不是感觉好心碎，小编同感，一道题7分，真的是在滴血啊。
有时候你必须硬着头皮，朝着你坚持的东西走下去! 革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力，加油!
【总分：710分】
一、英语四级作文
阐释：写作部分占整套试卷的15% =106.5分
在这部分里面，你需要达到63.9分才能及格。
时间：30分钟
二、听力部分 =248.5分
听力部分占整套试题的35%，除听力篇章外每个题都是7.1分。
1、短篇新闻 7% 共7小题，每小题7.1分。
2 、长对话 8% 8个题目 每小题7.1分。
3、听力篇章 20% 共10个小题，每小题14.2分。
时间：25分钟。在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对14个左右即可。
三、阅读理解 35% =248.5分
阅读部分占整套试题的35%，选词填空每题3.55分，其余每题都是7.1分。
1、选词填空 5% 10个题，每小题3.55分
2、长篇阅读 10% 10个题，每小题7.1分。
3、仔细阅读 20% 10个题 共2篇，一篇5个题，每小题14.2分。
时间：40分钟 在这部分你要达到149分为及格，做对18个左右即可。
四、翻译部分 汉译英 15% 30分钟 =106.5分
第一，复*与自身兴趣结合，利用闲散时间。
很多考生在复*过程中，开始几天积极性高、主动性强，抱着词汇书按计划每天背单词、做*题，可是时间长了就难免产生厌倦情绪，感到备考枯燥无味，效率下降。
这个时候其实只要稍微改变一下复*方式，就能轻松地备考。比如，把业余爱好和四六级复*相结合，会在阅读和背单词上产生巨大的效果。喜欢看小说的同学，*时看中文小说，这个时候就改看中英文对照的。看的时候注意关注每个作者的用词偏好，这些书中常常会反复出现某些常看但难记的单词，或某个单词的多项用法，而一词多用恰巧是复*四六级单词的一个重点。爱看体育新闻、时尚杂志的同学也可以试着多看英语新闻，看电视的英语频道，从这些渠道来关注日常生活，在这样的情景下学*会变得更容易。
第二，听力材料浑身是宝，精读、背诵得高分。
四六级听力题的原文是考试中最简单的一部分，其中的小对话，场景真实、用语地道，是复*时可以拿来使用的.好资料，把它作为备战四六级的突破口。考生可以每天抽出一段时间，将历年英语四级真题听力中的对话进行跟读、背诵，熟读每一个句子，首先对口语就会有很大提高，其次，听力原文里无论是对话还是语段，都会有生词出现，对于这些词汇，考生如果能做到一听就懂，放在阅读中自然是没有问题，很多*时背了几遍也记不住的单词就迎刃而解了，不仅掌握它的意思，还懂得如何去应用在句子中，词汇量会大幅度扩大。由此可见，四六级听力原文其实浑身上下都是宝，好好利用会令考生获益多多。
第三，提高听力绝招：坚持反复做听写。
这个方法新东方在线在辅导中多次尝试过，收效良好。即考生专门准备好一段听力录音，不看文字答案，也不看选项，直接一句一句的听写。听不懂、写不出来的地方反复听两到三遍，实在写不出来的先放在一边，留出空格。一套题听写完毕再总体对一下答案，勾出错误的和没有写出来的部分，这个时候再回想一下当时没有听写出来或听写错误的原因，是由于单词连读、弱读的问题，还是由于口音的差别，还是单词拼写不正确，然后对照着修改过的重新再听一次，这时注意之前错的地方着重听。一套题可以反复这样练*，直到自己完全没有错误为止。真题的听力语速、材料、词汇与考试最符合，所以切记此方法一定要用历年英语四级真题听力。
考生应该把英语融入到日常生活中，循序渐进地真正提升英语水*，不要过分地将它看作考试，以*常心对待，挖掘到学*的乐趣，自然能顺利通过考试。
In this picture, we can tell that the son is talking to his father about his concern about the nuclear waste. His father told him that if he can empty the dustbin first, he can do anything. This is an easy but very important story, telling us that we have to focus on things around our daily life first, and then the things great enough in the world.
In our daily life, it is very common to find some people that talk about their great minds on topics that far away from their lives. However, they provide little concern on staffs that around their own daily lives. These people are usually not very successful because their minds are beyond their grasp. To this end, students who want to be a better man, have to know that one can become greater and greater if they can complete things around their daily life well one by one. They may stand on the top of the mountain in the society finally.
Due to the wide use of com*rs and the development of Internet, more and more people like to chat on the Internet. We tend to pay more attention to electronic communication than to face-to-face contact.
As electronic communication is not limited by space, we can chat with others where there is Internet with our tools such as com*rs, mobile phones and pads. However, when we chat with others online, we cannot express our feelings fully. Just as the picture shows, the parents cannot touch or hug their child. We know that body language plays an important role in our communication, but the electronic communication cannot do this. For example, when we are sad, we need more love and warmth, a real hug from our parents or friends can mean much more to us than just words through electronic communication.
Therefore, though electronic communication brings convenience to our life, I still don’t think the electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.
——英语四级听力技巧汇总5篇
英语四级听力技巧范文
【提要】英语四六级四级信息 : 20176月英语四级新闻听力突破三大技巧
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一.改快为慢，精听为王
很多小伙伴一听到英语新闻就蒙圈了，全然不知道在说什么。这个时候小编建议你从听慢速新闻开始，这样也可以听清单词发音，培养英语语感。同时这个时期也是词汇量进行储备的阶段。经过一段时间的训练，当你能全然听懂的时候，就可以开始听常速新闻了。这个时候就进入了真正的精听阶段了，CNN、BBC或AP News每个小时开始的英语新闻，你可以下载下来，带上耳机反反复复的听，不断的听，直到把每个表达、每个停顿、每个节奏全部听懂为止。分句分段听，八遍不行，听十遍。自己听出来的东西，在脑子里可以形成深刻的印象。
精听还有个很好的方法，就是听写 Dictation，边听边写，把所听的内容转成文字写出来。一开始做听写的时候可能进步比较慢，但只要你咬牙坚持下来，这样的训练可以让你的英语有质的`飞跃。
二.听说同步，跟读模仿
常说，学英语听说不分家。确实如此，练*听力不仅要用耳朵听，还要动嘴说。选一些难度适中的新闻，进行跟读模仿。这个时候一些语言现象也会在你模仿中体会出来，比如：英语单词的弱化、连读和省略，句重音，节奏等。这样，在跟读模仿的同时，你的口语也会得到强化。老是听新闻如果感到枯燥的话，也可以换一些著名的英语演讲进行模仿跟读。经过一段时间的努力和积累，你就熟悉了英国人或美国人的发音规律和节奏，听新闻的时候也会更加的游刃有余。
三.信息匹配，大量阅读
听是接受信息，但是这个信息如果在脑子里之前没有储备，搜索不到相关的内容进行匹配，肯定就会不知所云。这个时候就需要你通过大量的阅读报刊杂志来充实你的脑袋。现在有很多在线的新闻网站如：BBC、CNN、Reuters、New York Times等。报纸方面，小编推荐《今日美国》和《***》;刊物方面，小编推荐《经济学人》《时代周刊》《纽约客》《科学美国人》等。经过大量阅读，你不仅积累了词汇，还熟悉了新闻的套路，听起新闻来自然就轻而易举了。
2017英语四级听力技巧
英语四级听力想要快速提分，除了*日复*多听音频复述及听写，还要懂得一些英语四级听力技巧，下面是小编为大家带来的大学英语四级听力技巧。
2017英语四级听力技巧(一)
英语四级听力考试常常涉及一些地名，在汉语中，我们对地名感到容易掌握，是因为*时见多识广。其实，英语中的地名也有类似的感觉。像Paris(巴黎)，Washington(华盛顿)等，一听就能立即判断出是哪里。
在英语四级听力材料中(特别是Section B)，当你听到一个不熟悉的地名时，首先不要慌张，如果它和所设题目关系不大，可放掉它，如果所设题目和地名有关，你可以从相关信息中推理。
下面是一些著名的城市：
伦敦 London
爱丁堡 Edinburgh
芝加哥 Chicago
洛杉矶 Los Angeles
凤凰城 Phoenix
圣安东尼奥 San Antonio
西雅图 Seattle
波特兰 Portland
盐湖城 Salt Lake City
丹佛 Denver
波士顿 Boston
亚特兰大 Atlanta
迈阿密 Miami
渥太华 Ottawa
堪培拉 Canberra
日内瓦 Geneva
罗马 Rome
悉尼 Sydney
梵蒂冈城 Vatican city
撇开单纯的考试形式，熟悉常用地名对提高阅读能力也有帮助。例如：
W: Where did you go on your vacation?
M: I spent a week in Toronto.
Q: In which country did the man spend his holiday?
四个选项中，你会找到加拿大这个国家。做对这道题的前提是你知道多伦多(Toronto)是加拿大一个港市。
但是，世界上的地名太多，你的目标只是掌握一些常见的。即便如此，这也是一项繁重的工作，需要童鞋们努力去积累，这是顺利通过四级并为通过六级考试打下基础的必要准备。
2017英语四级听力技巧(二)
在英语四级听力材料中，有很多是围绕有关外国货币的内容设计的，因此，熟悉一些主要国家的货币名称也很重要。常见的货币名称可以提示你对话发生在什么国家或地区，也为证明说话者身份提供了信息。下面列举一些常见货币名称：
Dollar 美国 美元
Franc 法国 法郎
Lira 意大利 里拉
Mark 德国 马克
Peso 墨西哥 比索
Pound 英国 磅
Rouble 俄罗斯 卢布
Yen 日本 日元
其它的一些货币名称，考生只需了解。另外，考生还应知道在美元体系中，还有dime(一角银币)，nickle(5分镍币)，cent(分)等单位及其之间关系。
讲到货币，就不能不讲到银行，因此还要对银行系统相关词汇有所了解。银行是负责货币流通的机构，主要业务有：
存款 deposit
汇款 remittance
兑换 exchange
外币 foreign currency
汇率 rate
信用卡credit card
旅行支票 travelling check
遗产委托 heritage entrustment
金融市场 financial market
证券交易所 stock exchange
银行扣除 deduct
对话式听力有两种类型。
第一种类型中每组对话一般是在一男女之间进行的`一问一答，问题一般由先讲话的人提出，题目均以问题形式出现，其中多数的特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下：
(1)：问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”
(2)：问“做什么”
(3)：问“什么含义”
(4)：问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”
(5)：问“对某人某事有什么看法”
(6)：问“讲话的两人是什么关系”
第二种类型中有两个较长的对话，每个对话后设有2—4个问题，提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在哪里发生的”等。如：Where does this conversation?这部分听力相对比较简单，考生从所给出的选项就可以推测出很多题在问什么，知道在对话中重点应该听什么，什么是关键词，从而选出正确的选项。
就拿听力部分来说，分为以下几个模块。
1、小对话部分，特别需要注意一些常见的技巧。
比如说视听反向原则，就是听到不选，又比如说关注一下重点场景词汇和短语，关注一下替换的一些方案。
2、场景对话和听力短文两种题目，掌握视听一致基本原则。
对于场景对话和短文听力两种题目，最能在现场救大家于水火之中的就是一种题一种考法，一种叫视听基本式原则，很简单，就是你听到的东西被看到，同时你看到的东西又被听到，某一个选项集中的单词很多的话，那我们选这个选项一般是没有问题的。而且几乎可以保证在四级这样一个稍简单的考试当中超过半数以上的准确率。
3、复合式听写部分，尽量多写，以赢得分数。
复合式听写部分，将是全国同学最为恐惧和担心的`问题。这种题目得满分的可能性确实非常的小，但是我们要推荐的是来自《士兵突击》中非常常见的精神——不抛弃不放弃，能够多写就尽量多写一些，我们会发现未必得满分，但是你写出来就会得到相应的分数。
对于各方面基础都较差的考生，想在15天内明显提高听力也不是很现实，以上几种技巧方法只是在帮助大家在不得已的情况下，尽力获得部分听力得分。但还是希望同学能早准备、早规划，能从基础做起，踏实的做好基本功。
新英语四级考试中，英语听力的改革变动比大，虽然占比分不是很高，但是考生们还是觉得听力的难度有所上升，考生们不用怕，只要三步英语四级新闻听力一次就能够搞定啦！
一、扩大知识积累，听清关键信息
首先，要掌握相关领域内词汇的发音，如经济、政治、军事、文化类的词汇。一般新闻报道都会在开篇点题，也是我们需要重点关注的地方。
二、阅读文本，跟读纠正错误发音
一般情况下，我们常常止于第一步，听完了一篇文章对完答案就过去了，这也是我们为什么听力得不到提高的主要原因。因为有些根本问题在这篇文章中没有得到解决会一直延续到后续所有听力文章中。只有听透每一篇文章，扫清听力过程中经常出现的障碍，避免听力中容易犯的错误，才能在下一篇文章听力中有所提升。
同学们可以做完题后先自己大声朗读文本，有条件的'可以录制下来以便和听力录音相比对，看看自己哪些词汇发音有误或是对某些语音现象如连读理解有偏差。
三、跟读模仿发音
最后一步也是最为重要的一步就是要养成跟读的*惯，模仿播音员的语音语调，注意常见的语音现象，如弱读，失去爆破等。只有这样多跟读，多练*，才能提高对音节和语调的敏感度，听力能力才能得到根本提升。
——英语四级考试词汇(5)份
absentfrom缺*，不在
accustomedto*惯于...，常...
applicableto可应用于，适应于
ashamedof对...感到惭愧，羞耻
awareof意识到，知道
beneficialto对...有益，对...有利
blindto对...视而不见;盲目的
capableof有...能力/技能的;能...的，可...的
characteristicof特有的，表示...特性的
commonto共同的，共有的
compatiblewith与...和谐相处，符合
confidentof确信，相信
consciousof意识到，知道
consistentwith与...符合，与...一致
contentwith对...感到满意
contraryto和...相反，违犯
convenientto/for对...方便
crazyabout/on对...着迷，热衷
crazyfor渴望
criticalof对...感到不满，对...表示谴责
dependenton/upon依靠，依赖
distinctfrom与...不同
diversefrom和...不一样
doubtfulabout/of对...怀疑
dueto因为，由于;应归于
eagerfor/after渴求...
economicalof节俭，节约
equivalentto等于，相当于
essentialto/for必要的，基本的，不可少的`
familiarto/with熟悉
fitfor适合...，能胜任...
fondof喜欢
foreignto陌生的;与...无关，不相干
goodat擅长
generousin/with(doing)慷慨，大方
gratefultosb.for对...表示感谢
guiltyof犯了...罪，对...感到内疚
helpfulto对...有益，对...有帮助
identicalto/with与...完全相同/相似
ignorantof无知，不知道
independentof不依赖，不依靠
indispensablefor/to必需的
inferiorto不如，劣于
innocentof无罪的，清白的
jealousof妒忌...，爱惜
keenon对...着迷，喜爱
liableto易患...的，应受法律制裁的
loyalto对...忠诚的
marriedto和...结婚
newto没有经验，不熟悉
oppositeto相反的;对立的，对面的
preferableto更可取的，更好的
priorto在...之前，居先
proportionalto与...相称，与...成比例
qualifiedin胜任，合适
relativeto相对于;和...相应，和...有关
relevantto与...有关
representativeof代表
resistantto对...有抵抗力的，耐...的
responsibletosb.forsth.对...负责
ripefor时机成熟，准备好
secureagainst/from安全的
sensitiveto对...敏感，对...灵敏
shyof对...有戒心，对...迟疑，畏缩
similarto和...相似
skilfulat/in精于...，善于
strictwith对...要求严格
subjectto易受...的，受...支配的，将会...的
sufficientfor足够，满足
suitablefor/to适合...的
superiorto比...好，优于...
suspiciousof对...起疑心，猜疑
thirstyfor渴望...tiredof厌倦，厌烦
typicalof典型的，有代表性的
uncertainof/about对...不确定
worthyof值得...
1) take a rain check 延期
2) lost count 弄不清楚
3) be in another world 精神恍惚；魂不守舍
4) make yourself at home 随意，随便
5) save your breath 省口气吧；别白费口舌了
6) make sense 有意义，理解
7) cost sb. an arm and a leg 非常昂贵
8) burn a hole in one's pocket 很快地被花光
9) fill one's shoes 很好地顶替；令人满意地替代
10) is ice cold 表示理所当然
11) like apples and oranges 用来表示无法相比的事物
12) wait until the last minute 直到最后一刻
13) lose one's train of 忘记
14) meet each other half way 相互妥协，让步
15) on the dot 准时；正点
16) once and for all 最后一次；干脆
17) out of earshot 不在听力所及范围
18) out of this world 非常好
19) play by ear 随机应变，视情形而定
20) ring a bell 令人想起某件事；听起来耳熟
21) share a common outlook 有共同的`观点
22) six of one and half-a-dozen of the other 半斤八两；没什么区别
23) stick around 在附*逗留或等待
24) stick with 继续做，坚持
25) straighten out 扯*；结清
26) toss and turn (身体)翻来覆去(通常表示难以入睡)
27) turn one's back (在别人遇到困难时)不愿帮助
28) under the weather 身体不适，生病
29) bite off more than one can chew 贪多嚼不烂；心有余而力不足；不自量力；力不从心
30) break new ground 创新
31) do the trick 做成功；达到理想的结果
32) drag one's feet 行动缓慢；磨磨蹭蹭不情愿
33) draw the line 拒绝，拒不容忍
34) feel down in the dumps 心情不好；情绪低落
35) few and far between 不多；少而分散的；不常碰到或发现的；稀少的
36) fit as a fiddle 身体很健康
37) grin and bear 任劳任怨；毫无怨言地忍受
38) hit the spot (特指吃了食物，喝了饮料之后)精神完全恢复过来或感到满足；恢复精力；提精神
39) keep between the two of us 不让第三者知道，保密
40) know a thing or two about 精通
discipline n.训练;纪律;学科 v.训练;惩罚
[记]dis-分开;cip-拿; line-线。不同的学科就是那个学科的人拿着不同的线索往不同的方向去研究。
[另]寝室里有碟(disc)看，有网络(ip)，有电话线(line)，所以我们一定要用纪律(disc-ip-line)来训练自己的自控力、堕落时要惩罚自己。
[搭]cross disciplines 跨学科
[例]Compared with management by disciplines andrules, most Chinese company leaders prefer to copewith their subordinates by sentiment or even intuition.比起靠纪律和制度的管理方式，大部分的中国公司领导们更喜欢靠感情甚至是直觉来跟他们的下级打交道。
principle n.原则;原理;规范
[记]王子(prin-,prince的简化)都拿住了(cip-le)，说明是我们的原则和规范，因为王子犯法与庶民同罪，所有人都要抓住原则底线(principle)。
[例]Respecting the elder and caring for the kids are the basic principle of Chinese nation.敬老爱幼是中华民族的基本原则。
principal n.负责人;校长 a.主要的;最重要的
[记]王子(prin-)拿住(cip-)全部(al)的权利，就成为了国家的负责人，在国家里就变成最重要的.人了。
[例]The principal principle of human rights is that everyone is created equally.****的最重要权利是人人生而*等。
anticipate v.预料;预支
[根]anti-表示“以前”，音似“俺提”。俺特别喜欢提以前的事。注意，如果anti+一个额外的词表示“反”，比如前面讲的“顺时针”叫做clockwise,那么“逆时针”就叫做anti-clockwise。
[记]anti-之前，以前;cip-拿;-ate动词。在一件事发生之前就拿手指掐指一算，是在预料会发生什么;之前就把钱给拿出来，是在预支。
[变]anticipated a.预料之中的 anticipation n.预料;期望
[例]It is anticipated that the new generation of iPhone will have several major breakthroughsregarding the customers' experiences, hardware performances, and the exterior design.
据预期，新一代苹果手机将在客户体验、硬件性能和外观设计上都大有突破。
right a.正确的;右边的 ad.正确地;右边地;正好地 n.正确;权利;右边
[注]这个词还要我说，你就不right了!主要是根据它不同的位置和搭配来判断它的词性和用途，如：
rights and wrongs 正确的事和错误的事(加了s肯定是名词)
turn right 往右边转(动词后面是副词)
the right answers 正确的答案(后面接名词，肯定是形容词)
the right to vote 投票的权利(前面有冠词后面没有名词，那么自己是名词)
stand right behind you 正好站在你后面(动词后面是副词)
[反]wrong a.错误的 left a.左边的 n.左边
1. radiation
Experts know that portable devices emit radiation, which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication.(1999.6)
【全真测试】A. 阳光 B. 放射线 C. 激光
【译 文】专家了解到这种可便携的装置会辐射射线，这种射线会影响飞行器用来导航和和联络的波长。
【四级词义】n. 放射线，放射物，辐射
【猜 一 猜】① radical ② radiance ③ radiant
【Key】① adj. 放射的，辐射的 ② n. 发光，光辉 ③ adj. 发热的
2. racial
The racial discrimination issue was a political hot potato in the United States in the past.
【全真测试】A. 种族的 B. 饮食的 C. 卫生的
【译 文】过去，在美国种族歧视问题在政治上是个烫手的山芋。
【四级词义】adj. 人种的，种族的
【巧 记】race(种族;人种)rac + ial(形容词后缀)
【真题例句】racial pride 种族优越感
3. range
Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease，reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off(挡开)illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.(2000.6)
【全真测试】A. 顺序 B. 范围 C. 内容
【译 文】研究涉及一系列的疾病，从沮丧到心脏病，结果显示社会的支持将有效地阻止疾病，而没有这种支持将很容易造成疾病。
【四级词义】n. 幅度，范围
【巧 记】跑(ran)的时候要在(ge)的范围内
【词性变化】v.(在某范围内)变动 ages that ranged from two to five. 两岁至五岁年龄段
【名师导学】此词在选择题的选项和题干中出现较多(2002.12和1999.6)等，阅读中也经常出现如(2003.9)。
4. wonder
Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention.
【全真测试】A. 理解 B. 想知道 C. 感兴趣
【译 文】大多数失忆的情况，如忘记了你丢了什么东西或想知道为什么你进入一个房间等是由于简单的缺乏注意力。
【四级词义】v. 想知道，对……感到疑惑
【词性变化】n. 惊奇，奇迹
【例 句】the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇观
5. isolate
Several villages have been isolated by the floods.
【全真测试】A. 使受灾 B. 使隔离 C. 使毁灭
【译 文】洪水使好几座村庄与外界隔绝了。
【四级词义】vt. 使隔离，使孤立
【巧 记】是(is)因为(o)这个人来晚(late)了，就使隔离，孤立他。
【猜 一 猜】① isolation ② isolationist ③ isolative
【Key】① n. 隔绝，孤立，隔离，绝缘，离析 ② n. 孤立主义者 ③ adj. 好孤立的`，成为孤立的
6. issue
“The basic issue,” he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”(2003.9)
【全真测试】A. 问题 B. 要求 C. 原则
【译 文】他说：“最基本的问题是，那些负责发驾驶执照的**没有意识到驾驶的复杂程序和所需的技术。”
【四级词义】n. 问题，争论点
【巧 记】is(是)+sue(控告)这一期的发行是(is)控告(sue)的争论点。
【词性变化】vt.(issuing, issued)(常与to连用)发给
【词义扩展】n. 出版，发行 an issue of a newspaper 一种报纸的发行
7. hollow
Their plea of national poverty rings a little hollow.
【全真测试】A. 堵塞的 B. 空的 C. 坚硬的
【译 文】他们关于国家贫困的托辞听上去有些空洞。
【四级词义】adj. 空的，中空的
【词性变化】n. 洞，坑
【巧 记】f跟着(follow)，空的h(hollow)
8. adequate
Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling.(2000.12)
【全真测试】A. 健全的 B. 足够的 C. 成熟的
【译 文】没有足够的市场去吸收从再循环中生产的材料。
【四级词义】adj. 适当地;足够的
9. hook
He hung his coat on the hook behind the door.
【全真测试】A. 钉子 B. 钩 C. 门闩
【译 文】他把外套挂在门后的挂钩上。
【四级词义】n. 钩
【词性变化】vt. 钩住，沉迷，上瘾
This is a novel that hooked me on the very first page. 从第一页起就牢牢吸引我的小说。
10. adhere
She adhered to her plan to leave early.
【全真测试】A. 陈述 B. 坚持 C. 考虑
【译 文】她坚持自己的计划要早点动身。
【四级词义】vi. 坚持，粘附，附着;遵守
【巧 记】ad(到)+here(这里)=到这里粘附，坚持。
【常用词组】adhere to坚持;坚信;忠于
ashamed/ ?’?eimd/ a.惭愧(的`);羞耻(的)
aspect/ ‘?spekt/ n.方面;样子，外表
assemble/ ?’sembl/ vt.集合，召集;装配
assembly/ ?’sembli/ n.集合;**;装配
assess/ ?’ses/ vt.对(财产等)估价
assign/ ?’sain/ vt.指派;分配;指定
assist/ ?’sist/ vt.援助，帮助;搀扶
assistance/ ?’sist?ns/ n. 协助,援助
associate/ ?’s?u?ieit/ vi.交往 n.伙伴，同事
association/ ?s?usi’ei??n/ n.协会，团体;联合
assume/ ?’sju:m/ vt.假定;承担;呈现
assure/ ?’?u?/ vt.使确信;向…保证
astonish/ ?s’t?ni?/ vt.使惊讶，使吃惊
astronaut/ ‘?st??un?:t/ n.宇宙航行员，宇航员
?tlantic/ ?t’l?ntik/ a.大西洋的 n.大西洋
atom/ ‘?t?m/ n.原子;微粒;微量
atomic/ ?’t?mik/ a.原子的;原子能的
attach/ ?’t?t?/ vt.缚，系，贴;附加
attain/’tein/ vt.达到，获得，完成
